









^ Vol 'i** o. 








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HON. HEBER M. WELLS. 
(The War Governor.) 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



THK HISTORY 



Utah Volunteers 



SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 



AND IN THE 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



A Complete History of all the Military Organizations in which Utah 

Men Served. Life and Service from the Time op the 

Muster in to the Day of the Muster Out. 



IN TWO PAKTS. 



Incidents of CamD and Field Life, 



Biographical Sketches of Officers and Men Engaged in 

the Service. Rosters. Official Reports. Special 

Articles by Eminent Writers. 



Oopiously Illustrated. 



W. r. rOED, Publisher. A. PEENTISS, Editor. 



L . 



TWO COJPIES RECE1VE£), 

t (brary of Con^ratib 
Officii of the} 

f."^^ 5-1900 

hdgl8t«r of Copyrighfib 



56540 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1900, by WrLiiiAM F. Ford, 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



^^^% 



SECOND COPY, 



TRIBUNE JOB PRINTING CO., SALT LAKE. 






I5n ^Metnorg 



OF THE HEROIC DEAD, WHO OFFERED UP THEIR LIVES UPON 
THE ALTAR OF THEIR COUNTRY; 



Sti -^JDttor 



OF THE OTHER UTAH VOLUNTEERS WHO OFFERED THEIR LIVES 
TO THEIR country's CALL; 

Su CSrateful ^ppreriatton 

^ OF THE LIBERALITY AND PATRIOTISM OF 

MRS. A. R. C. SMITH 

AND OTHER PATRONS WHO SO NOBLY SUSTAINED THE EFFORTS 

OF THE UTAH VOLUNTEER HISTORY ASSOCIATION, 

THIS WORK IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED 

BY ITS EDITOR. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAFrp:R I. 

GENERAL CAUSEiS LEADING UP TO THE WAR. 
Racial Antipathies — Two Exponents of Civilization 13 

CHAPTER II. 

THE CONFLICT BEGINS. 

How the News of the Blowing Up of the "Maine" was Received in Salt 
Lake City — United States Troops Leave Utah for Chickamauga — 
Requisitions of the Government upon Utah for Volunteers — Gov- 
ernor Wells' Proclamation 18 

CHAPTER III. 

THE CAVALRY TROOP. 

(By Sergeant H. H. Atkinson.) 

Troop Accepted — Departure for San Francisco — Camp Life — Ordered 
to Yosemite — Life in the Parks — Master Out — Roster — Biographi- 
cal Sketches of Captain Joseph E. Caine, Lieutenant Benner X. 
Smith and Lieutenant Gordon N. Kimball 32 

CHAPTER V. 

TORREY'S ROUGH RIDERS. 

Troop I, Second Regiment, U. S. Cavalry — Enlistment — ^Equipment — 
Service — Muster Out — Roster — Biographical Sketches of General 
Jno. Q. Cannon, Captain J. Wash Young and Lieutenant Andrew 
J. Burt .50 

CHAPTER V. 

(By Captain Frank W. Jennings). 

BATTERY C, UTAH U. S. VOLUNTEERS. 

Recruiting — Drilling Without Equipment — Departure to Presidio — 
Ordered to Angel Island — Equipped as Cavalry — Barracks Life — 
Muster Out — P^oster — Notes by Captain Jennings on Angel Island 
— Biographical Sketches of Captain Frank W. Jennings and Lieu- 
tenant J. D. Murphy 59 



TI 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER VI. 
U. S. VOLUNTEER ENGINEERS. 
(By Private Will A. Leatham.) 

Created by Special Act of Congress — Formation — Trip to San Fran- 
cisco — Presidio — Ordered to Honolulu — Camp McKinley — Sights 
and Scenes — Return — ^Muster Out — Roster 68 

CHAPTER VII. 
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

Discovery — Geography — Soil, Climate and Resources — ^Importance in 
Pacific — Character and Condition of Present Population — ^Vol- 
canoes 77 

CHAPTER VIII. 
HAWAIIAN HISTORY 

Abandoned Character of Moral Life — Kamchameha the Great — Kan- 
akas a Dying Race — Cause 81 

CHAPTER IX. 
U. S. PACKERS. 

Old Mining Prospectors Gather at the Fort — ^Throwing the Diamond 
Hitch — Departure for Jacksonville, Fla. — Packing in Cuba — Life 
at the Front — San Juan — Partial Roster 86 

CHAPTER X. 

SAN JUAN. 

Fearful Physical Difficulties — Dependence upon Eight Pack Teams — 
Necessity for Rushing the Soldiers Forward — First Engagement — 
Storming San Juan — The Gallant Twenty-fourth — They Remember 
Something 92 

CHAPTER XL 

THE VOLUNTEERS IN THE REGULAR ARMY. 

(By Private A. B. Edler.) 

High Hopes and Aspirations — Camp Life — Parting Scenes — Inner Life 
of a Soldier — Chasm Between Officers and Privates — The Soldier 
Sick — The Hospital — A Volunteer's Death — Roster 106 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. yjl 

CHAPTER XII. 

THE REGULAR ARMY. 

(By General W. H. Penrose.) 

Its Place and Value to the Nation — Function to Provide Nucleus for 
the Volunteer Army and Furnish it Competent Officcis — Time it 
Takes to Make Volunteer Army Efficient 113 

CHAPTER XIII. 
THE COLORED SOLDIER. 

Found Battling in Every American War — His Part Forms the Romance 
of North American History — His Superb Courage on the Bloody 
Balaklava of Cuba — His Sublime Heroism in the Hospital at 
Siboney — Splendid Tributes from General J. Ford Kent 124 

CHAPTER XIV. 

THE RED CROSS SOCIETY. 

Summary of Work in Salt Lake City and Ogden — ^Reports by Respective 

Secretaries 128 

CERTIFICATE OF REVIEWING COMMITTEE. 

CHAPTER I. 

THE CALL TO ARMS. 

Departure of the Famous Twenty-fourth — The President's Call — ^Tbe 
War Governor's Proclamation— The Muster in at Fort Douglas — 
The Assignment to the Philippines — San Francisco — Embarkation. , 137 

CHAPTER II. 

BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. 

(Contributed by Lieutenant Pearson.) 

The Sudden Call — The Desperate Issue Before the Great Admiral — 
Equipment — Seeking the Foe — Desperate Odds — Final Commands 
The Entrance — Battle — Victory 143 

CHAPTER III. 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 

An Epoch-making Event — Discovery — Philip 11.^ — Li Ma Hong — Church 

and State — Successive Revolts I§3 



Yjjl UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

CHAPTER IV. ; 

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS TODAY. 

Area and Square Miles — Situation — Population — Character of the 

Eighty Tribes — ^the Malays — Resources 154 

CHAPTER V. 

SOLDIER LIFE IN THE PHILIPPINES. 

Into the Bay — Landing — Rain — Difficulties — Camp Life — The Spaniards' 
Last Attack — Occidental Grit in an Oriental Typhoon and Battle 
—The Result 164 



CHAPTER VI. 

Spain's Forlorn Hope — Will the American Volunteer Stand — ^A Wild 

Night — The Answer of the Utah Guns 179 



CHAPTER VII. 
BEFORE MANILA. 

A Most Wretched Week — In the Trenches — It Ends in Action — Spain's 

Last Stand — Coolidge's Story 187 

CHAPTER VIII. 

BATTLE OF MANILA. 

Sunday, the 13th — The International Sympathies of the Warship — ^The 
Fleet Opens the Engagement — The Assault — The Surrender — The 
Sequel 192 

CHAPTER IX. 

THE INTERIM. 

The Close of the War with Spain — Inaction — ^Dissatisfaction — Petition 

to Return — Diversions — The Widening Breach 199 



CHAPTER X. 

THE CONFLAGRATION. 

Desperate EflTorts of the Natives to Burn Manila^Street Encounters — 

Failure of Conspiracy — Beaten at Every Turn 206 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. jjX; 

CHAPTER XI. 

TWO QUESTIONS. 

Lack of a Definite Policy — The Independence Idea — The American 
Government's Hard Problem — Malay Character — Strained Rela- 
tions — Utter Absurdity of Native Self -Go vernment 210 

CHAPTER XII. 

THE RUPTURE. 

Conciliation — Insurgent Scare — Katipunan Society — Tagalo Contempt 

for American Soldiers — ^The. Reason — The Clash 222 

.CHAPTER XIII. 

TAGALO WAR. 

Evidences and Reasons for Tagalo Contempt — The Result — A Regular's 
Story — ^A Volunteer's Journal — The Hopelessness of the Situation 
The Tagalo Scheme 232 

CHAPTER XIV. 

OFFICIAL REPORT OF MAJOR. YOUNG TO THE ADJUTANT- GEN- 
ERAL FROM FEBRUARY 4TH TO 15TH. 

Individual Reports of Subordinate Officers 243 

\ CHAPTER XV. 

^ BATTLE OF LA LOMA. 

The Campaign Begins— Brilliant Report by Correspondent McCutcheon 
— Arrangement of Forces — Special Official Report of Major Young 
— Description of the Actions of the Batterymen — The Advance- 
Firing— The Bloody Plain of Polo— The Cost 269 

CHAPTER XIV. 
CALOOCAN. 

Advance of the American Forces and Bombardment of Malabon, 

March 23, 1899 282 

CHAPTER XVII. 
M.A.RILAO. 

The Third Day of the Advance — Splendid Work of the Infantry — 
Crossing the River — Colonel Funston — Special Report of Major 
Young on the Superb Work of the Batterymen 285 



X UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

CHAPTER XVIII. ( 

GUIGUINTO. 

The First Confusion — The Rally — The Utah Guns to the Rescue — 

Chasing Pigs and Chickens 292 

CHAPTER XIX 

MALOLOS. 

The Enemy's Capital — Its Easy Fall — ^^^icarious Atonement — ^An Epi- 
taph 295 

CHAPTER XX. 
THE BAG BAG. 

Utah Guns to the Front — Hot Work — ^Major Young and His Four 

Guns — Colonel Stotsenberg's Death 299 

CHAPTER XXI. 

CALUMPIT. 

The Sepulchre of the American Army — General Luna's Confidence — 
Reasons for It — Eilective Work of the Artillery — Swimming Across 
the River — Crossing on Rafts — Colonel Funston Again — Crawling 
Over on the Wrecked Bridge — Rally of Insurgents — ^Attack — Re- 
pulse — ^Apalit Taken 304 

CHAPTER XXII. 

SANTO TOMAS. 

Peace Overtures — Warm Work of the Artillery — Bridge Destroyed by 
Insurgents — Flight and Chase — Suffering from Heat and Thirst — 
Trainload of Insurgents Leave Santo Tomas as Americans 
Enter It 312 

CHAPTER XXIII. 

SAN FERNANDO. 

A Tame Capture — Difficulties of Approach — Wading Through Mud and 
Water — Stand at the Bridge — Running Street Fight — Burned by 
Insurgents 316 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

^ OFFICIAL REPORTS. 

Major Young and Other Artillery Officers Report Their Operations 

During the Months of April and May, 1899 318 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. -^I 

CHAPTER XXV. 

SANTA CRUZ. 

General Lawton and His Troops Embark in Cascoes from San Pedro 
Macati — Major Grant's Flagship — Work of the Tin-Clad Fleet — 
Advance of Cavalry — Capture — Terrible Slaughter of Natives 351 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

LAWTON'S EXPEDITION. 

Column Starts North to Head off Enemy- — Insurgents Taken by Sur- 
prise — Slight Resistance — Second Expedition — Resistance Sufficient 
to Check Advance and Enable Natives to Escape — Tay Tay — 
Paranaque — Las Pinas 354 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

HOME AGAIN. 

The Last Engagement — Official Confirmation of Rumor of Return — 
Embarkation — Exemplary Conduct in Japan and in San Francisco 
■ — Muster Out — Governor's Proclamation in Regard to Reception — 
Enthusiastic and Extensive Preparations at Home — ^Arrival — Pa- 
rade — Speeches — Ceremonies — A Royal Banquet. 350 

CHAPTER XXVIII. 

MAJOR RICHARD W. YOUNG. 

A Biographical Sketch bv B. H. Roberts 369 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

MAJOR F. A. GRANT. 

A Biographical Sketch by Very Rev. Father D. Kiely — ^Additional 

Notes by the Editor 375 

CHAPTER XXX. 
CAPTAIN E. A. WEDGWOOD. 379 

CHAPTER XXXI. 
CAPTAIN JOHN F. CRITCHLOW. 381 

i ^. ; CHAPTER XXXIL j 

LIEUTENANT GEORGE A. SEAMON. 382 



XII 1 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

CHAPTER XXXIII. 
LIEUTENANT FRANK T. HINES. 384 

CHAPTER XXXIV. 
LIEUTENANT R. C. NAYLOR. 386 

CHAPTER XXXV. 
LIEUTENANT ORRIN R. GROW. 388 

! CHAPTER XXXVI. 

LIEUTENANT WILLIAM C. WEBB. 390 

CHAPTER XXXVII. 
FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE W. GIBBS. 392 

CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
LIEUTENANT J. A. ANDERSON. 

CHAPTER XXXIX. 

ROSTER OF BATTERIES A AND B, UTAH LIGHT ARTILLERY, U. 

S. V. 394 

Muster In — Names and Addresses — Note by Major Young — Battalion 
Organization — Killed in Action — Died of Disease — Wounded — Pro- 
motions of Commissioned Officers — Principal Engagements — Notes 
— Additional List — Note 394 

CHAPTER XL. 

IN MEMORIA OF THE VOLUNTEERS. 

(By Judge C. C. Goodwin.) 416 

Obituaries of Those Wbo Died — "Our Silent Heroes," by J. G. Weaver, 
Upon the Return of the Bodies. 

ADDENDA. 423 

Utah Volunteer Monument Association — Joint Resolution of the Leg- 
islature of Utah in Commendation of the Utah Batteries. Bio- 
graphical Sketches of Assistant Surgeon T. George Odell, Captain Wal- 
ter C. Shoup and Lieutenant Sidney K. Hooper. 

I ERRATA. 430 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Hon. Heber M. Wells Frontispiece 

Mrs. A. E,. C. Smith 1 

Lieutenant Gordon N. Kimball 40 

Lieutenant Sidney K. Hooper 41 

First Landing on Spanish Soil 44 

Group of First Troop, Utah Volunteer Cavalry 45 

Captain Joseph E. Caine 48 

lieutenant Benner X. Smith 49 

Group of Torrey's Rough Eiders 52 

A Bit of San Juan 53 

Captain John Q. Cannon 56 

lieutenant Andrew J. Burt 57 

Captain Frank W. Jennings 64 

Lieutenant John D. Murphy 65 

Camp Life 72 

Battery C, Utah Volunteers 73 

C-olonel Willard Young 88 

Kaliuwaa Falls, Hawaii — Women Bathing 89 

Utah Volunteer Packers 96 

Utah Boys in the Regulars 97-241 

Mrs. J. Wash Young 128 

Major Richard W. Young 137 

Lieutenant Henry A. Pearson 152 

Assistant Surgeon T. George Odell, United States Navy 153 

Philippine Natives 1^1 

Map of the Philippine Islands 168 



Xiy UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Sighting a Gun 186 

Our Famous Battery Boys 224-225-240-256-356-357 

Utah Artillery at Blockhouse 257 

Lieutenant W. C. Webb 392 

Brigadier-General H. G. Otis in the field with staff and orderlies 353 

Steamship "China" with Batteries A and Bj Utah Light Artillery 361 

Major Frank A. Grant 376 

Captain Edgar A. Wedgwood 380 

Captain John F. Critchlow 381 

Ijieutenant George A. Seaman 384 

Lieutenant Frank T. Hines 385 

Lieutenant Ray C. Naylor 388 

Lieutenant Orrin R. Grow 389 

Lieutenant George W. Gibbs 393 

Gun Detachment 408 

Where One of Utah Shells Struck 409 

Sergeant Ford Fisher 412 

Friends 413 

Captain Walter C. Shoup 416 



THE LIST OF PATRONS 

To whose generosity and patriotism the success of this 
literary monument to the Utah Volunteers is to be accredited. 
Of them may it be handed down to all coming ages that they 
"have done what they could." 



SALT LAKE CITY. 

Heber M. "Wells, Governor. 

J. T. Hammond, Secretary of State. 

Morgan Richards, Jr., Auditor of 

State. 
James Chipman, Treasurer of State. 
A. C. Bishop, Attorney-General. 
G. W. Bartch, Chief Justice. 
R. N. Baskin, Associate Justice. 

A. G. Norrell, District Judge. 
D. C. Dunbar, County Clerk. 

G. A. Whitaker, County Commis- 
sioner. 
G. H. Backman, ex-City Recorder. 

B. B. Quinn, County Assessor. 
George H. Wood, County Auditor. 

C. S. Wilkes, County Surveyor. 
C. S. Burton, Adjutant-General. 
Col. N. W. Clayton, Quartermaster- 
General. 

Dr. S. H. Pinkerton, Surgeon-Gen- 
eral. 

Dr. W. Y. Croxall, Assistant Sur- 
geon-General. 

Col. Theodore Bruback, Aide-de- 
Camp. 

Col. W. G. Nebeker, Aide-de-Camp. 

Col. M. L. Ritchie, Colonel First In- 
fantry. 

Col. J. Q. Cannon, Brigadier-Gen- 
eral. 

Maj. H. M. H. Lund, Major U. N. G. 

Hon. Frank J. Cannon. 

Hon. B. H. Roberts. 

F. S. Harris, State Land Board. 

William M. Roylance, Speaker of 
House. 



W. W. Chisholm. 
John Q. Packard. 
A. W. McCune. 
David Keith. 
Thomas Kearns. 
A. H. Tarbet. 
Geo. A. Snow. 
M. E. Mulvey. 
H. W. Lawrence. 
Ezra Thompson. 
William Hatfielcl. 

D. H. Peery, Jr. 
W. A. Nelden. 
John Clark. 

Arthur L. Thomas, P. M. 

Spencer Clawson. 

Jacob B. Blair, Surveyor-General. 

C. M. Freed. 

W. F. Snyder. 

E. W. Senior. 
J. P. Gardner. 

George M. Cannon, Manager. 

Lorenzo Snow, President of the 
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- 
day Saints. 

C. W. Penrose, editor Deseret News. 

George T. Odell. 

Windsor V. Rice. 

Moses Thatcher. 

The Tribune Publishing Company. 

The Herald Publishing Company. 

W. H. Dale. 

George E. Blair. 

C. F. Wilcox, M. D. 

Keogh-Hosmer Private Hospital. 

W. F. Beer, M. D. 

E. G. Rognon, 



XYJ 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Edward S. Perry. 
Albert Richter. 
G. Y. Wallace. 
W. Mont Ferry. 
P. P. Christensen. 
Young & Young. 
C. F. Hudson. 
H. L. Driver. 
Joseph Enzensperger. 
Shores & Shores. 
W. H. Edwards. 
H. R. Anderson. 
J. L. Davis. 
W. A. Robinson. 

OGDEN. 

Mrs. A. R. C. Smith. 

John Scowcroft & Sons, merchants. 

William Glasmann, editor Standard. 

H. H. Spencer. 

George J. Kelly, assistant postmas- 
ter. 

G. H. Corse, agent U. P. R. R. 

Isaac Beitman, cigars. 

E. W. Wade. 

M, C. Breeden, attorney. 

C. E. Layne, Sheriff. 

George M. Hanson, Deputy Treas- 
urer. 

E. A. Littlefleld, Utah State Jour- 
nal. 

George Halverson, County Attor- 
ney. 

William Allison, Superintendent, 
Schools. 

A. F. Richey. 

Daniel Hamer, official stenographer. 

C. A. Smurthwaite, merchant. 

D. H. Ensign, manager Ogden Im- 
plement Co. 

Charles Meighan, postmaster. 
John R. Brown, wholesale produce 
dealer. 

E. F. Schramm, jeweler. 

Fred J. Kiesel, wholesale merchant. 

M. S. Browning, Mayor. • 

Henry H. Rolapp, District Judge. 

E. M. Allison, Jr., attorney. 

L. S. Boggs, engineer. 

R. A. Moyes, City Treasurer. 



A. S. Condon, City Physician. 

A. McLaren Boyle, furniture. 

Alma D. Chambers, Treasurer We- 
ber county. 

James N. Kimball, attorney. 

H. J. Powers, M. D. 

John E. Bluth, City Recorder. 

E. S. Rolapp, clerk. Board of Edu- 
cation. 

H. C. Wardleigh, post commander 
G. A. R. 

C. B. Hollingsworth, clerk District 
court, 

J. C. Nye, real estate. 
C. A. Linguist, undertaker. 
Herbert R. MacMillan, City Attor- 
ney. 
J. F. Grant, manager C. I. Co. 
N. H. Ines, real estate. 

PROVO. 

C. E. Loose, banker. 

Fred Nelson, Utah County Demo- 
crat. 

S. D. Jones, Ex-Mayor. 

Thomas M. Taylor, Mayor. 

Mattie E. Vogel. 

Samuel R. Thurman, attorney. 

J. E. Booth, District Judge. 

Milton H. Hardy, M. D., Supt. 
Insane Asylum. 

George Havercamp, County Clerk. 

George Storrs, Sheriff. 

C. F. Decker, produce. 

Samuel H. Allen, M. D., surgeon R. 
G. W. 

Reed Smoot, President Provo Wool- 
en Mills. 

John R. Twelves, mining. 

Benj. Cluff, Jr., President Brigham 
Young Academy. 

Royal A. Barney, merchandise. 

Andrew Egertson, merchandise. 

George E. Robinson, County Physi- 
cian. 

Kitty A. Hines. 

Thomas John, City Attorney. 

Jacob Evans, County Attorney. 

D. D. Houtz, attorney. 
M. M. Warner, attorney. 
Smoot & Rayland. 



UTAH VOLiUNTBERS. 



xrii 



Albert Sing-leton, merchandise. 
Walter R. Pike, M. D. 

LOGAN. 

George W. Thatcher. 

Earl and Eng-land Publishing Co. 

The Nation Co. 

W. C. Cates. 

Dr. J. M. Tanner. 

W. J. Kerr. 

T. D. Robert. 

A. L. Fleming. 

TINTIC. 

Fred Staufer, M. D., Mayor. 

Tlntic Publishing Co. 

J. W. Hurd. 

Bullion-Beck Store. 

J. A. Hunt. 

J. P. Driscoll. 

Joseph Fryer. 

D. D. Hanks. 

K. H. Watson, City Justice. 

J. C. McChrystal. 

Whitney Goodrich. 

M. M. Donovan. 

J. X. Ferguson. 

Delos Lombard. 

W. M. Nesbit. — 

M. D. Hewlett. 

John Moreley. 

Stott & Jennifer. 

Crooks >Sc Morse. 

Holzheimer & Holzheimer. 

J. J. Mathews. 

Gus H. Henroid, Marshal. 

Donohue & Cassell. 

J. T. Sullivan. 

J. C. Kirkendall. 

James Morgan. 

MERCUR. 

James N. Louder, publisher Mer- 
cury. 
William Waterfall, City Recorder. 
F. D. Kimball, banker. 
M. C. Bowman, merchandise. 
John W. Lawrence. 
J. B. Palmer, Palmer hotel. 



E. J. Warner, lumber. 

Charles H. Heritage, liquor dealer. 

J. L, May, assayer. 

R. L. Whitehead. 

A. M. Ashby, M. E. 

Thomas B. Wilde, ex-Mayor. 

A. H. Dunlevy, City Justice. 

L. L. Woodruff. 

F. H. Peters. 

Gane & French, Clothiers. 

M. Mahnken. 

Francis Hall. 

F. H. Smith. 

N. B. Dresser, publisher Miner. 

Peter Anderson, merchandise. 

MANTL 

E. V. Hardy. 

P. A. Poulson. 

W. K. Reid. 

R. B. Byron. 

L. Tuttle. 

William J. Hosford. 

W. W. Crawford. 

Louis Anderson. 

Clarence Christensen. 

Charles Christensen. 

A. C. Nelson. 

L. T. Tuttle. 

MT. PLEASANT. 

O. C. Anderson. 
Webster Green. 
J. W. Nicholson. 
Thomas Braby. 
S. X. Christensen. 
C J. Jensen. 
James Wilson. 

EPHRAIM. 

Willard Peterson. 

S. J. Johnson. 

C. A. Larsen. 

Adolph Hanson. 

C. Z. Byergo. 

A. C. Bosen. ' 

SPRING CITY. 

Fred Mickel. 
Oscar Clawson. 



XVIII 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



MORGAN COUNTY. 

D. Heiner. 

T, S. "Wadsworth, M. D. 

J. Kippen. 

R. Olsen, 

S. Francis. 

O. W. Covington. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

W. G. Lamb, Park City. 
W. E. Boyd, Park City. 
■William Buys, Wasatch Wave, He- 
ber. 

M. A. Williamson, editor, Murray. 
J. W. Clyde, Heber. 



David Thomas, Farmington. 

Vernal Express. 

Washington County News. 

Iron County Record. 

Globe Header. 

Millard Progress. 

Richfield Reaper. 

Sandy Sentinal. 

Ephraim Enterprise. 

Coalville Times. 

Salina Press. 

Panguitch Weekly Progress. 

Morgan Mirror. 

Park City Record. 

Provo Enquirer. 



OUR HEROES COME. 



(From the Salt Lake Herald, February 4, 1900.) 



They come; our heroes come — 

Let music float upon the waking air, 

Let cheers and sound of drum 

The deep emotions of our hearts declare 

Unfurl the banners wide — 

Our starry banners, fling them to the breeze; 
These are our joy, our pride — 

Our hero band come back from o'er the sea?. 

Wake, then, the cheer, the song — , 
Let music echo in continuous strain; 

We've missed our dear ones long, 

Give them a royal welcome home again. 

, n. 

But what is this that breaks upon the sight? — 
A silent throng "with measured step and slow," 

All robed in garments sombre as the night — 
What meaneth it to greet our heroes so? 

Where are the ones who, on that summer day, 
'Mid cheers of thousands and the prayers of all. 

With heads erect, so proudly marched away — 
Gladly, in answer to their country's call? 

We wait them now to bid them welcome home, 
O'er ocean's wave, from islands far away; 

Not silent thus did their dear comrades come — 
Oh! can it be that this dumb band are they? 



ni. 

But hark, from out this silent throng 

That slowly, sadly moves along, 
A voice is heard so stilly so low 

The heart alone can catch and know: 

JV. 

"They made us a grave in a land far away 
From the Ivome that we loved so well; 

They buried us there at break of day. 
Near the spot whore wo fought and fell. 

" ■ Twas by comrades" hands -we were laid to rest , 

And they wept o"er our lowly bed; 
'Twas the friends we knew and loved the best. 

Who planted the flowers at our head. 

"But the flowers were strange, and the trees above. 

E'en tlie stars that vigils keep, 
Were not the ones we had learned to love. 

And beneath them we could not sleep. 

"So we've journeyed far from an alien strand, 

O'er the broad Pacific's wave. 
To the home we loved in our native land; 

And we only ask a grave." 



Oh, hearts true and brave, tho' in sorrow we've met you, 

Our soul's deepest tribute of honor we give; 
Nor through the long years can our spirit forget you — 

Enshrined in oiu- love you forever must live. 

The spot where you rest must be sacred in story. 
And dearer the land for whose honor you died, 

Ours alone are the tears; for your deathless glory: 
While a pnxtriot heart in its country has pride. 

— By J. G. Weaver. 




MRS. A. R. C. SMITH. 



EDITORIAL PREFACE. 



The plan and scope of the History of the Utah Volunteers 
may be considered a unique and novel undertaking in litera- 
ture from the standpoint of what is usually considered to be 
history. 

Ordinarily it has been the custom of civilized peoples to 
erect permanent monuments to the memory of those whom 
they regard in the light of heroes. The commonest form for 
this monument to take is that of a stone shaft, erected gener- 
ally long after the actors in the tragedy, which inspired their 
countrymen's tribute to their memory, have passed away and 
can have no earthly knowledge of the intended honor. 

Later, when the events have become stale, the emotions 
* aroused by them have been forgotten, the issues crystalized 
into political shibboleths, or the sentiments distorted by par- 
tisan feelings, comes the historian, who essays to reduce his 
mass of cold material to the form and symmetry of permanent 
history. How unsatisfactory this has been in the past is too 
well known to every historical student and scholar to need ar- 
gument. 

Later still, the poet may perpetuate in immortal verse, or 
the artist portray in deathless colors, isolated deeds and in- 
cidents. 

But how superior to any and all of these is the literary 

2 



2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

monument of a history compiled while the events are fresh in 
the memory of all, the personal sentiments and experiences of 
The dramatis personce still green, and data, ephemeral in 
character but inestimable in value to the historian, are yet 
available! 

This work, then, is primarily a literary monument erected, 
as it were, at the time and place the deeds and events intended 
to be recorded occurred. At any age prior to our own it 
would have been a physical impossibility to have produced "a 
full, complete and accurate account of the late wars" — to 
borrow the language of the Military Reviewing Committee. 
The typewriter, stenography, telegraphy and similar modern 
inventions place new mechanical powers within the control of 
the scholar; while the high intelligence and education pervad- 
ing the ranks of an American army, together with the enter- 
prise, trained powers of observation and fine scholarship of the 
war correspondents supply an abundance of ready-made ma- 
terial undreamed of by the historians of old. Should this de- 
parture prove a literary invention worthy of adoption by 
■ others the wnter will feel amply compensated for this most 
exacting, exhausting and anxious labor lasting over a year. 
To the deep interest of the scholar is added the keen ex- 
pectancy of the inventor, as he contemplates the reception of 
this work by the public. 

His part has been modest and unpretentious enough — 
the work not of an author but of an editor, not to compose a 
story, but to marshal "a cloud of witnesses who encompass 
us around" — living,, breathing, feeling witnesses. The design 
has been to let the actors and participants tell their own story 
wherever that has been possible, and where information or 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g 

opinion was demanded, to obtain the best living authority 
available. Sometimes there is little to tell of some organiza- 
tion, whose patriotism and devotion was just as lofty as any 
other; but that little has been told by its commanding officer 
in his own style and way, or by some soldier of lower rank 
selected for special qualifications therefor. The work thus 
becomes a treasury of facts and feelings, of experiences and 
impressions, of opinions and observations emanating from the 
volunteers themselves; and the effect sought is to leave upon 
the mind of the reader a compoisite picture of the American 
volunteer soldier as he actually existed. 

This composite picture becomes permanent, and is as real- 
istic to the reader a thousand years hence as to him of today. 
This design will be found to dominate the work and give to it 
a unity and homogeneity which the heterogeneous character of 
its composition would seem to defy, and calls for considerable 
thought and study to receive the full effects intended, which 
a mere cursory reading would fail to realize. Enough narra- 
tive and descriptive matter has been added to lend local color- 
ing or serve for background shading. As a succession of liv- 
ing dramatis personam sit to the camera of the mind, some 
composite picture must result and take shape as the general 
type of the United States Volunteer. For the truthfulness 
and fidelity of this effect the writer takes full responsibility, 
of course; and must look to time alone for the final verdict. 

The enormous mass of material to be digested, the great 
number of organizations and persons to be considered has 
made the task one of exclusion rather than of comprehension ; 
hence there may be many disappointments to those specially 
interested in any one particular event or person ; but exclusion 



1 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

of all details possible became imperative as the work pro- 
gressed, and it now exceeds far the limits originally intended. 
Every reasonable effort was made to reach every returned 
soldier and secure from him a brief biographical sketch for 
the purpose of forming defi^ite and accurate opinions upon all 
points involved, and his photograph for insertion. This has- 
been a partial failure, attributable to the neglect of the volun- 
teers themselves; but as a second edition is intended this can 
be remedied as to the pictures ; fortunately, enough biographies 
have been received fully to answer the purposes intended. 

The organizations have been treated in the order of their 
mustering out; all the space asked for by the contributor has- 
been accorded each. 

The writer desires to return his sincere thanks to a host 
of friends and patrons who have extended aid and sympathy 
in his work. The literary contributors receive credit gen- 
erally in the work itself; but there are a great number, with- 
out whose material assistance this publication would have 
been impossible, who deserve special mention. To the patrons, 
a list of whose names are given elsewhere, is due the credit 
of contributing the necessary pecuniary assistance; and with- 
out their generous and patriotic aid the work would never 
have been undertaken. The sums donated vary from |5 to 
flOO, but are not specified in order to avoid invidious dis- 
tinctions. 

One or two persons deserve special thanks. Mr. J. G. 
Weaver's reportorial skill and energy, in conjunction with his 
enthusiastic interest, contributed no mean aid to the success 
of the undertaking. Lieuts. Gibbs, Grow, Webb and other 
soldiers rendered valuable assistance; and almost every one 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 5, 

approached seemed animated with a desire to do what he 
could. 

Conscious of the many imperfections occasioned by the 
haste and peculiar difficulties under which the work has been 
idone, yet as a "work of faith and labor that proceedeth of 
love," this book is submitted to the generous consideration of 
the people of Utah by the EDITOR. 

Salt Lake City, January 1, 1900. 



INTRODUCTION 

To THE History of the Utah Volunteers by State 
Senator D. O. Kideout. 



To maintain the divine rights of freemen upon the one 
hand, and to enforce the rule of tyrants upon the other, has 
been the ambition of man in all ages; in this never-ending 
struggle, "Wars have raged, thrones have tottered, nations 
perished, and heroes suffered." And yet the trend of human 
events has been upward and onward, and we see, or we think 
we see, over the hilltops of time the dawning of a brighter 
and a better day, when the nations shall learn the lessons 
of peace; and the divine injunction, ''Thou shalt love thy neigh- 
bor as thy self," become an ethical code, binding alike upon the 
nation and the individual; when each shall conceive that it 
is better to suffer a wrong than to do a wrong. 

Such were the conditions that confronted the United 
States Government in 1897-8. War came, but it was not 
courted nor desired by the people. Every industry spoke of 
the value of peace, civilization, self interest and the pursuits 
of happiness pointed to and encouraged continued amity with 
all nations. To these, religion added its dictum: "Peace on 
earth and good will toward men." 

In the year 1895 the people of Cuba declared for inde- 



g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

pendence and took up arms to maintain such declaration. To 
the observer the cause seemed hopeless, but the love of lib- 
erty had been planted deep in thfe dusky breasts of Cuba's 
defenders and no sacrifice was great enough to exhaust the 
measure of their patriotism. The warfare of Spain was so 
inhuman and so barbarous toward combatant and non-com- 
batant alike, that this, coupled with the fact that the battle- 
ship "Maine," with her gallant crew had been destroyed 
\v'hilst anchored at peace in Havana harbor, crystalized in the 
heart of the American people the determination that Spain's 
blighting influence in the Antilles should no longer retard 
the progress of civilization, nor longer blacken the pages of 
history. "Everything lovely in liberty, everything hallowed 
in the memory of those by whom it was won," everything 
sacred in our Declaration of Independence — cried out against 
the unholy purposes of Spain; and in behalf of Cuba's inde- 
pendence. 

The news of the destruction of the "Maine" cast a deep 
gloom over the people. The sympathetic heart of the great 
Eepublic was filled with intermingled sorrow and indignation. 
It was an ordeal which tested the judgment of the most able 
and mature minds of the Nation. The people were undemon- 
strative and calm, but it was the calm that precedes the whirl- 
wind; which like the "Burst of the ocean in the earthquake, 
rolls back in swift and mountainous ruin." Those who planned 
the demon act, planted the mine, smoothed the surface of the 
ruffled waters, and then guided the ship, freighted with preci- 
ous human souls to the mooring, whet*e cunning hands and 
cruel hearts had anchored the terrible invention of death, 
little knew that in that deed lay concealed the germ of a new 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 9 

epoch in Spanish, as well as American history— an epoch 
that gave birth to armed intervention, the volunteer 
army, Cuba's independence, swept the boasted war fleet of 
the proud and haughty Spaniard from the face of the ocean; 
immortalized the name of Dewey; glorified the American 
army and navy, and sounded the death knell of Spain's suzer- 
ainty in the Philippines and upon the western hemisphere — 
an epoch at whose dawn Columbia's seventy millions of free- 
men awoke from an industrial, wealth- creating age, from 
whence destiny whirled them onward, along the shining path- 
way of evolution, to the dawn of a new era in the Nation's 
life — first and foremost among the naval and military powers 
of the world. 

Utah is proud of her volunteers. They are worthy of 
the high place they occupy in the estimation of the people. 
To tell of their achievements and the many acts of heroism 
exhibited b}^ them, whilst serving their country, and to pre- 
serve to this and lo future generations a full and complete 
history of the work done by them as volunteers, are the de- 
sires of those who undertook the publication of this volume. 

This, or some future generation, may seek in some other 
way to perpetuate the remembrance of deeds so nobly done; 
but this work will prove of greater and more lasting value 
than the customary monument of moulded brass or chisled 
stone. 

The value of contemporaneous history cannot be over- 
estimated. Thoughts fresh from the battlefield, impressions 
made upon the minds of those who were actual participants 
in the war with Spain; recorded and preserved, will prove of 
inestimable value to the future historian. 



10 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



How the Christian world would prize a record written bj 
cue of the apostles of Christ, of experiences and observations 
during all the eventful days of his ministry and with what joy 
it would hail the news that some ancient ruin or catacomb, 
had given up an autographical record by the hand of Mary; 
of all thoise days of devotion, of intermingled Joy and sorrow, 
of the death sentence, the cross, the sleepless night and the 
visit upon that early morn with broken heart to the tomb. 

Through the medium of this work will be preserved a 
record of the part taken by Utah in the Spanish-American 
and Filipino wars. The call for volunteers and the cheer- 
ful response, the devotion to their country and to their coun- 
try's cause, exhibited by them in the camp and upon the bat- 
tlefield. A compilation of letters, public and private, many of 
which were written by those at the front to loved ones at 
home; a history that shall tell, to future generations, that 
Utah's sons were of those who responded to the call "To 
arms," and offered their lives in the interest of country and 
humanity — a history that shall perpetuate the memory of their 
valor, their devotion, their sacrifice — both the living and the 
dead; and thereby assist to rear a monument that shall live 
through the ages and become a source of inspiration to the 
weak, and a fountain of loyalty to the wavering. 

Let us say to the volunteers who came back to us in f uil 
strength of manhood: "You have written a new chapter in 
the history of Utah and interwoven with each beautiful line 
lessons of pure and lofty patriotism — you have added a shin- 
ing course to the expanding walls of human liberty." 

To those who came back to us, wounded and maimed: 
"The defenders of home and countrv are the true heroes of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J| 

this world, and the blood so freely shed by you is. the liga- 
ment, in which the foundations of free governments are im- 
beded." 

And of those who gave their lives: "Farewell! Sweet 
and tender will live the memory of their valor and devotion. 
In answer to the 'bugle call,' with willing hands they brought 
and placed upon the altar, life — the most precious gift of the 
Creator, humanity's greatest offering." 

Down through the ages — Freedom's sons will tell, 

Of where they fought, and how they fell ; 

I 
And link their names with the beautiful legends of self-sac- 
rifice, which have consecrated all those glorious battlefields, 
where men, in obedience to a higher duty, have yielded up 
their lives, for home, for country and for humanity. 

D. O. RIDEOUT, JR. 



CHAPTER I. 



GENERAL, CAUSES LEADING UP TO THE WAR BETWEEN SPAIN" 
AND THE UNITED STATES— THE BATTLE OP MANILA ONE OF 
THE DECISIVE BATTLES OF THE WORLD. 



Of the "decisive battles of the world," according to Crae- 
sey, all but two were fought between men of different and 
distinct races, and these exceptions are the Seige of Syracuse 
and the American Saratoga. But it is quite questionable if 
the battle of Saratoga was decisive in any such sense as was 
Marathon, Arbele, Metaurus or even Waterloo. Whatever 
be the cause or causes, the fact is indisputable, that a given 
race is the product of an enormous evolution carried on 
through enormous stretches of time. This process of racial 
genesis is governed by laws as definite and fixed as those 
which rule over the development of the individual, and when 
the racial type is once attained it remains as fixed and stereo- 
typed as does a matured man's character. The racial char- 
acter of a people can no more change than an old man's dis- 
|)Osition. 

It is bej'ond the scope of this work to attempt any an- 
alysis of the causes which have made the negroid races differ 
from the mongoloid, or the Semite from the Aryan, or the 
Celtic from the Teutonic. The fact remains that, apart from 
the possession of some common civilized institutions there 
exist fixed racial differences whose elimination can be ef- 



14 UTAH VOLUNTEERS, 

fected in but one way: mainly, miscegenation. Where these 
differences are too widely divergent, miscegenation is almost 
hopeless; a striking instance of which is the racial distinct- 
ness of the Jew; but where the racial differences are not too 
marked, amalgamation will take place under certain favor- 
able conditions, as in the general intermarriages in England 
and America. But the race runs its career or fulfills its des- 
tiny, just as does the individual, when generally slow atrophy 
begins, during which it lingers a racial mummy, like the Egyp- 
tian or a sepultureless corpse, like the Hebraic, or a civilized 
caricature, like the Spanish. Between no two people is there 
a wider racial divergence than between the Spaniard and 
American. The bloodimindedness of the Spaniard, while the 
trait most abhorrent to the Anglo-Saxon, is not his most fatal 
defect, which defect I would describe as a certain 
taint of medieval romanticism. He lives in a world 
of unrealities peopled by memories and vanities. All 
that he stands for the American is not, and all that 
Americanism means is alien to him. All hate arises 
from difference. We love spontaneously one who is 
congenial, we hate involuntarily one who is dissimilar. The 
"Voider the chasm of difference the profounder the abyss of 
hate. Where bodies are active and are brought together by 
any circumstance conflict is inevitable. Human reason, phil- 
osophy, religion or enlightment have little to do with the 
question. It is a mere question of cause and effect, as much 
under the dominion of law as is the combustion of coal when 
brought into closest contact with the oxygen of the air by 
the circumstance of initial heat. When two such human 
antagonisms as Spanish and American character were brought 
into cloisest contact by the circumstances of the Cuban in- 
surrection, a conflict was as inevitable as is the production 
of a spark by sharp contact between flint and steel, and the 
fierceness of that conflict would be in exact ratio to the in- 
tensity of the difference in the nature of the two elements. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 15 

The atrocity of the "Maine's" destruction fanned the smok- 
ing combustion into flame. That was all. 

Men will interpret these great historic movements ac- 
cording to the dominant thought of their minds or ruling sen- 
timent of their hearts. To one it is the hand of God, to an- 
other it is fate, to another destiny, to another chance or Ne- 
mesis; to the philosopher it is the culmination of numerous 
circumstances; to the scientist it is the result of law. To il- 
lustrate, the French and English have fought sixty-five 
pitched battles, the Germans and English none. Why? Not 
because the two latter have not had as serious occasions for 
war as the two former, but simply they were too similar in 
character to engage in actual conflict. I am aware that 
Kings have made war for mere personal dispute and" that 
civil wars have devastated every land; but I am not discus- 
sing family quarrels or national hostilities which break out 
from ephemeral causes, but those epoch-making events which 
alter the world's map, change the current of human history 
and create a new era in man's destiny. For such I take the 
late Hispano-American conflict to have been. 

Had Spain's apparent naval and military strength been 
real, had she gained the least advantage at the commence- 
ment of hoistilities by what is called the fortunes of war, had 
Europe actively supported her, with England neutral, it is 
easy to imagine that the twentieth century would have been 
ushered in with events so momentous to the progress and 
character of its civilization that human history would have 
to be written in terms totally different from those which now 
obtain. 

Spain stood for the highest exponent of the old world's 
past civilizatiou, namely militarism : the United States for that 
of the new world's progress, namely industrialism and com- 
mercialism. The triumph of the former meant not only the 
arrest of the world's progress, but a reversal of its blood- 
bought civilization. Those European countries in which mil- 



Ig UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

itarism was the chief factor of civilization spontaneously rec- 
ognized that Spain represented them and that her cause was 
intrinsically their cause. It was not kinship, sentiment or 
similarity of language and institutions, but identity of inter-' 
ests, which caused the Anglo-Saxon to range himself along 
side of the Americans. Both were the exponent of the same 
civilization. 

The struggle between the two racial antagonisms had 
been growing steadily more and more intense, and the con- 
flict was inevitable sooner or later. Happy indeed for the 
world was it, that the conflict did occur between that power 
which was at once the strongest expression and the feeblest 
defender of the old on the one side and the power which was 
both the most perfect expression and ablest champion of the 
new, on the other. The transcendant importance to human- 
ity of American triumph will be realized only after time has 
afforded the opportunities for the vital issues involved to 
ramify and bear fruit among "all the kindreds and families of 
the earth." This much seems certain. The question is set- 
tled beyond reopening, that the character of twentieth cen- 
tury civilization will be Anglo-Saxon, and not Latin. 

The supreme lesson to be learned is: The movements of 
nations are as much under law as the revolutions of the plan- 
ets. Naturally the results have been as tremendous and far- 
reaching as they were unanticipated and surprising. First 
was the marvelous unification of the Nation. Nothing better 
exemplifies the reign of law in the affairs of nations than 
the perfect unanimity of sentiment which burst like some re- 
sistless volcanic eruption from the newly formed crater of 
the national heart. The federation of States had been bound 
together by reciprocal ties of mutual interests, common laws 
and institutions, but with sharp distinctions, local irritation, 
racial antipathies and sectional jealousies. In the twinkling 
of an eye all these differences were swept away, the great 
heart of a new born nation was quickened into bounding life, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^7 

the great soul of the mightiest power earth had yet seen with 
one mouth and one accord spoke its stern command, and for 
the first time in history the legislature of that mighty people 
without one murmur of dissent gave a kingdom's ransom 
to the chief executive to free an alien race of miserables. 

Second, it brought home, as nothing else had ever done 
or could do, the consciousness of her strength, to the Nation's 
mind. Henceforth her splendid, if selfish, isolation was gone 
forever. Henceforth she must take her place among the great 
powers of the earth and bear her full share of "the white 
man's burden." 

Third, it demonstrated the ability of American institu- 
tions to make high-grade men out of supposedly poor material. 
The magnificent charge of the colored troops up San Juan 
hill was not only a superb vindication of the negro's manhood 
but a splendid tribute to the creative power of our American 
life and liberty. 



jy UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER II. 



THE CONFLICT BEGINS. 

HOW THE NEWS OF THE BLOWING UP OF TH3 "MAINE" WAS 
RECEIVED IN SALT LAKE CITY— UNITED STATES TROOPS LEAVE 
UTAH FOR CHICAMAUGA— REQUISITIONS OP THE GOVERN- 
MENT UPON UTAH FOR VOLUNTEERS— GOVERNOR W ELLS' PRO- 
CLAMATION. 



The morning of the 16th of February, 1898, broke dark 
and cloudy. But few people were on the streets of Salt Lake 
City. The newsboys were out in force and about every passer- 
by was purchasing papers. Knots of men were standing on 
the streets discussing the news which the Associated Press 
had telegraphed during the night. There were a few of the 
agitated citizens who came to the immediate conclusion that 
the disaster in Havana harbor by which the battleship "Maine" 
had been destroyed and the lives of nearly three hundred sail- 
ors were sacrificed, was due to the machinations of the Span- 
ish or their Cuban sympathizers, and that the Government 
of the Queen Regent was in some way responsible. The ma- 
jority, however, followed the advice of Captain Sigsbee and 
withheld their judgment for the time, while all commended 
the Captain's course in the matter. 

The dispatches of the following day threw but little light 
upon the affair and all day long great throngs were gath- 
ered around the bulletin boards of the three daily papers, 
eagerly devouring every bit of news that was posted up and 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J 9 

discussing each phase of the question as it was brought to 
light. Great satisfaction was expressed over the prompt ac- 
tion of the Navy department in starting an investigation and 
the promise given that every act incident to the catastrophe 
would be made subject to the most minute scrutiny and that 
nohing would be left undone to place the guilt, if guilt there 
was, where it belonged. 

Throughout the length and breadth of Utah public sen- 
timent followed that of the Nation's capital and the people 
settled down to await the result of the court of inquiry. The 
press of the State echoed the convictions of the people and 
refrained from making any sensational comments. In common 
with the remainder of the country, though, the Utah people, 
while withholding judgment, expressed the determination to 
avenge the treacherous death of their countrymen if it shouiu 
be proven that the ^^Maine" had been blown up by design. 

As the days passed the tension of the situation began to 
tell upon the public and excitement, though suppressed, be- 
came intense. Every word from Havana, where the investiga- 
tion was going on, was gone over eagerly and weighed. The 
poor mangled bodies of the seamen who had been plunged into 
death while sleeping were buried with the highest honors at 
at the hands of the Spanish authorities ; but, notwithstanding 
this, the rumoirs of the apparent indifference on the part of 
the Spanish populace, not to say exultation in certain quar- 
ters, after the disaster, fired the people of Utah, in common 
with the rest of the country, with the deepest indignation and 
increased the general suspicion manifold. At last came the 
report of the court of inquiry, but long before this the con- 
viction had become settled that Spain was actually respon- 
sible for the affair. During the investigation it had been as- 
certained that the explosion could not have been the result of 
any cause inside the vessel. But the verdict of the court had 
already been anticipated, so far as this particular was con- 
cerned, and war was the sole topic of conversation. 



20 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Long before the destruction of this superb man-of-war 
the struggle for liberty was being carried on by the Cuban 
patriots and it had won the sympathy and the admiration of 
the entire population of this State. Liberty has always been 
the heritage of the people of the mountains. The very air 
which comes sweeping down from the lofty heights seems 
to whisper of freedom. To dwellers in sight of snow-capped 
peaks, that pierce the blue of heaven, the thought of slavery 
and oppression is ever abhorrent. The long struggle of the 
Cubans had possibly been watched with a keener interest and 
a deeper sympathy by the people of the Rocky Mountain 
States than of any other portion of the country. The inhu- 
manities practised by the cruel Captain-General, Weyler, upon 
defenseless women and children; the untold sufferings of the 
"reconcentrados" in that portion of the island directly con- 
trolled by Spain's military sway, sank deep into the heart ; and 
many loud complaints were indulged in over what was thought 
to be the inactivity of the Federal Government at Washing- 
ton. Now came the added insult of the haughty Dons, and 
the war fever broke out with a fury which nothing could re- 
strain. 

The Utah delegation in Congress, feeling the pulse of 
their constituents, were among the foremost in that body to 
demand that Cuba be free; that the reign of terror on the 
island cease, and that the death of the victims of the ''Maine" 
be avenged. 

March had passed away and April was half over before 
any decided move was made. The larger daily newspapers 
of the East were clamoring for war. Each dispatch brought 
the news that other sections of the country were equally 
aroused over the situation and that the whole Nation with 
one voice demanded immediate action of a radical character 
by the Government. Men went to bed at night in a fever of 
excitement and awoke in the morning to intenser feelings. 
A^'ar bulletins were posted all over the citj' and in every town 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 21 

throughout Utah, and continually around each was a throng- 
eager to learn the latest move from the seat of Government. 
This great interest was not confined to the men alone; the 
women, whose keen sympathies had been touched by the piti- 
ful condition of the struggling patriots and the unfortunate 
''pacifico'S" of Cuba, always formed a considerable part of each 
crowd, and they were as quick as their brothers in watching 
the trend of events as the Nation drifted into war. 

An insult was thrown at the executive head of the Nation 
by the Spanish Minister at Washington, Senor De Lome, in 
an extremely impolitic communication to Senor Canelajas, 
editor of one of the principal journals of Madrid, "El Eraldo," 
who had made a personal visit to Cuba during the Weyler 
regime and who was a man of considerable influence with the 
Sagasta ministry. In this communication Senor De Lome 
had the effrontry to refer to President McKinley as a "polit- 
icastro" (which is a Spanish word meaning a "low politician") 
and he also accused the President of being weak and vacill- 
ating and with pandering to the so-called "jingo" element.- 
This treatment by De Lome of the head of the Grovernment to 
which he had been accredited w^as deeply resented and, re- 
regardless of party or section, the American people univer- 
sally demanded that official cognizance be taken of the out- 
rage, though, it is true, the letter to Canalejas was a private 
one brought to the public notice by a New York newspaper. 
The customary penalty for a diplomat who renders himself 
"persona non grata" is to be formally called upon for his ex- 
equatur, as was done in the case of Lord Sackville-West, and 
this would have been the proper method of dealing with Queen 
Christina's representative, but he furtively fled the country 
before the State department could avail itself of any oppor- 
tunity to make such a demand. His furtive departure might 
have been construed by the Spanish as a diplomatic victory. 
If so, it was quite in keeping with the character of a people, 
stupidly proud without a basis of honor, who could mistake 



22 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

low cunning for astute diplomacy — a people wlio amused them- 
selves by caricaturing our Nation as a lot of pigs, and dis- 
dainfully bragging beforehand that a people who were mostly 
peddlers, could not fight. There were some wiseheads among 
all the clamorous multitudes in this country who commended 
the conservatism of the President under such extraordinary 
circumstances, smarting as he must have done under this ab- 
solutely uncalled for outrage, but the vast majority of our 
citizens were impatient of delay and declared that they were 
willing and ready to give their bravest and best in the de- 
fense of the Nation. 

Then came the long struggle in Congress. Not a mur- 
mur was heard when $50,000,000 was placed at the disposal 
of the executive for the "national defense," as the bill mak- 
ing the appropriation read. The country from one end to the 
other chafed under the seeming tardiness of Congress in for- 
mally declaring hostilities, and when on the 19th of April the 
news was flashed across the continent and around the world 
that the deadlock between the Senate and House of Eepresen- 
tatives was broken and that the now famous resolution had 
been passed, a sigh of relief went up from every heart. This 
action of Congress was in the form of a joint resolution re- 
ported by the Foreign Affairs committees of both houses on 
the 13th, and had been the subject of a conference lasting for 
six days. The language of the resolution was: 

"Whereas, The abhorrent conditions which have existed 
for more than three years in the island of Cuba, so near our 
own borders, have shocked the moral sense of the people of 
the United States and have been a disgrace to Christian civ- 
ilization, culminating as they have in the destruction of a 
United States battleship with 266 of its officers and crew, 
while on a friendly visit in the harbor of Havana, and cannot 
longer be endured, as has been set forth by the President of 
th*^ United States in his message to Congress April 11, 1898, 
Upon which the action of Congress was invited; therefore, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 23 

"Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America, in Congress assembled: 

"First — That the people of the island of Cuba are and ot 
right ought to be free and independent. 

"Second — That it is the duty of the United States to de- 
mand, and the Government of the United States does hereby 
demand, that the Government of Spain at once relinquish its 
authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and with- 
draw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. 

"Third— That the President of the United States be and 
hereby is directed and empowered to use the entire land and 
naval forces of the United States, and to call into the active 
service of the United States the militia of the several States 
to such extent as may be necessary to carry these resolutions 
into effect. 

"Fourth — That the United States hereby disclaims any 
disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction 
or control over the said island, except for the pacification 
thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is completed, 
to leave the government and control of the island to its peo- 
ple." 

Then came the word that the Spanish Government had 
taken the ultimatum of America as a declaration of war and 
that our Minister at Madrid had been handed his passports. 

The very day that diplomatic relations with Spain were 
broken off, Utah was given the first ocular demonstration of 
what war really meant by witnessing the departure of troops 
for the East. The Twenty-fourth United States infantry, sta- 
tioned at Fort Douglas east of Salt' Lake City, for some time 
had been waiting for orders to move. At last the 19th of April 
had been set as the day for the departure. Owing to the lack 
of cars by the Rio Grande Western Railroad company th 
time was put off from day to day until the morning of the 
21st of April. Early that morning camp was broken and the 
dusky warriors took up their march for the depot. Long be- 



24 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

fore the liour set, however, Salt Lake City was astir and the 
streets were thronged by thousands of people. "Old Glory" 
was seen in every conceivable place. All the schools were 
closed and business was at a standstill. The Utah National 
Guard was out in force, and the g'rim veterans of the War of 
the Rebellion were likewise in line to cheer the troops as 
they passed on to another struggle. Tears ran down the fur- 
rowed cheeks of many veterans because the years had ren- 
dered them unlit for the fray. The pent-up feelings of the 
populace had at last found a vent and the fire of patriotism 
tlamed high in every soul. Amid the clang of brass bands, the 
roaring of cannon and the cheers of thousands. Uncle Sam's 
boys in blue Avere escorted through the city to the depot. At 
the depot an immense throng had gathered, almost clogging 
the way to the trains which were to carry the Nation's de- 
fenders to the front. The color line was forgotten. The black 
men were thought of only as soldiers who were going to up- 
hold the honor of the Hag. Eeiined ladies passed through the 
trains, when the troops were at last in their seats, grasping 
their hands with fervor and giving them words of praise and 
encouragement; words which were doubtless remembered 
when the gallant regiment charged resistlessly up San Juan 
hill a month later. Amid the screaming of steam whistles 
and the cheeins of the citizens, the trains at last moved away, 
to be met at every station along the line to the very boundary 
of the State by throngs who were there to bid them godspeed. 
Events crowded each other with lightning rapidity dur- 
ing the few days following. History was being made every 
hour. Utah being so far away from the central Government, 
only caught the echoes of the stupendous activity that was 
going on in the War and Navy departments. The regular 
army was being mobilized at the national military park ar 
Ohickamauga. The blockade of the Cuban ports had been or- 
dered and the warships divested of their white paint and given 
a somber coat of drab were stationed outside of Havana har- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 25 

bor, while the immortal Dewey was under orders to proceed 
to Manila harbor in the Philippines and destroy or capture the 
Spanish Asiatic squadron. Already the first gun had thun- 
dered from the Moro castle that guards the capital city of the 
Antilles, and had been answered by the first shot fired in 
anger by the United States forces for a third of a century. 

The Sixteenth United States infantry which had for sev- 
eral years been quartered at Fort Douglas, and which had 
in its ranks many Utah boys, passed through the city on the 
way to Chickamauga and were received at the railroad sta- 
tion by throngs of people, and its officers feted by the elite of 
the city; but, more portentous than all. Congress on the 22nd 
had empowered the President to raise a volunteer army for 
the national defense. On the 23rd the President issued the 
following proclamation which was flashed across the conti- 
nent, calling the Nation tO' arms: 

''Whereas, By an act of Congress entitled, 'An act to 
provide for the increasing of the military establishment of 
the United States in time of war and for other purposes/ ap- 
proved April 22, 1898, the President of the United States was 
authorized, in order to raise a volunteer army, to issue his 
proclamation calling for volunteers to serve in the army of 
the United States. 

"Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, by virtue of the 
power vested in me hj the Constitution and laws, and deem- 
ing sufficient occasion to exist, have thought fit to call for, 
and hereby do call for, volunteers to the aggregate number 
of 125,000 in order to carry into effect the purpose of said 
resolutions, the same to be apportioned as far as practicable 
among the several States and Territories and the District of 
Columbia, according to population and to serve for two years 
unless sooner discharged. The details for this object will be 
immediately communicated to the proper authoritj^ through 
the War department. 



26 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



"In witness whereof I have set my hand and caused the 
seal of the United States to be affixed. 

"Done at Washington the 23rd day of April, 1898, ant. 
the independence of the United States the 122nd. 

(Signed) "WILLIAM M'KINLEY. 

"By order of the President, 

"JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary of State." 

In pursuance of the proclamation by the President, on 
April 23rd, the Governor of Utah issued his proclamation call- 
ing for 500 volunteers from among the citizens of the State in 
the following words: 

"Bj the Governor of the State, a proclamation: 

"Whereas, The President of the United States has issued 
a proclamation calling upon the various States and Territor- 
ies for 125,000 volunteers to serve in the army of the United 
States, the same to be apportioned among the several States 
and Territories and the District of Columbia according to the 
population and to serve for two years unless sooner dis- 
charged; and, 

"Whereas, In pursuance of the said proclamation the 
Secretary of War has designated the quota from the State 
of Utah to be one troop of cavalry and two batteries of ar- 
tillery. ■ 

"Now, therefore, I, Heber M. Wells, Governor of the State 
of Utah, to supply said quota from this State do hereby call 
for volunteers to the approximate number of 500 men to en- 
list in the army of the United States for the term of two years 
unless sooner discharged. It is the wish of the President that 
the National Guard shall be used as far as their numbers 
will permit and they are therefore especially invited to enlist. 
This being the first call for volunteers, however, and there 
being a possibility of others, this invitation is not to be con- 
strued as expressing the desire that the infantry arm of the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 27 

service be weakened by transfer or discharge. The proportion 
of cavalry and artillery in the organized militia being small 
there will be abundant opportunity for civilian volunteers, and 
to them the invitation is extended with equal cordiality. The 
general requirements for enlistment are as follows: Men 
should be intelligent, active and muscular, free from disease, 
of good character and habits and between the ages of 21 and 
45. Candidates will be subject to the medical examination 
prescribed by the army regulations. All the recruits for the 
cavalry and the great majority of those for the artillery must 
be accustomed to horses and a suitable number should be 
mechanics. Officers to be hereinafter designated will be sent 
immediately to various central points within the State for 
the purpose of recruiting the volunteers. The recruits will be 
rendezvoused at Salt Lake City as soon as possible before May 
5, 1898, when they will be mustered into the service of the 
United States. 

"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and 
caused the great seal of the State of Utah to be hereunto 
affixed. 

''Done at Salt Lake City, the 25th day of April, A. D. 1898. 

(Signed) "HEBER M. WELLS. 

"By the Governor, 

"J. T. HAMMOND, Secretary of State." 

A dispatch from Secretary of War Alger to the Governor 
that day naturally called for some such action at the very 
earliest date. The dispatch explained what the Federal Gov- 
ernment wanted in the following words: 

"To His Excellency, Heber M. Wells, Governor of Utah: 

"The number of troops from your State under the call of 
the President, April 23, 1898, will be two batteries of light ar- 
tillery and one troop of cavalry for special mounted service. 
It is the wish of the President that the regiments of the Na- 



2g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

tional Guard or State Militia shall be used as far as the num- 
bers will permit for the reason that they are armed, equipped 
and drilled. Please wire as early as possible what equipments, 
ammunition and blankets, tents, etc., you have and what you 
will require. Please state also when troops will be ready for 
muster into the United States service. Directions follow by 
mail. Signed, ALGER, Secretary of War." 

But before action could be taken on this message the Gov- 
ernor received another: 
"Hon. Heber M. Wells, Governor of Utah: . 

"The President has authorized the enlistment of eighty- 
five men in your State, good shots and good riders, to form a 
company in a mounted rifle regiment, company officers to be 
taken from your section. Can you give us the men? 

"ALGER, Secretary of W^ar." 

i 
The Governor's reply was: 

"Utah will be proud to furnish the eighty-five men for 
a company in a mounted regiment, as authorized by the Presi- 
dent, in addition to her regular quota. 

"HEBER M. WELLS, Governor of Utah." 

The same day the Governor appointed the recruiting of- 
ficers who were to enroll the volunteers. They were chosen 
mostly from Salt Lake City, which selection foreshadowed 
commissions as officers in the various companies to be raisea. 
Their names are as follows: 

Richard W. Young, 

Willard Young, 

Frank A. Grant, 

Joseph E. Caine, 

John Q. Cannon, 

George F. Downey, 

Ray C. Naylor. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 29 

Active recruiting began in Salt Lake City on the 27tli of 
April, which was followed all over Utah in a few days. The 
newspapers published the programme laid out by the newly- 
appointed officers which was as follows: 

Recruiting officers will be at the places named on the fol- 
lowing dates: 

April 28th — Provo, Bountiful, Price, Springville, Lehi, 
Nephi. 

April 29th — Eureka, Farmington, Mount Pleasant, Park 
City, Manti. 

April 30th — Richmond, Bingham, Ogden, Salina. 
May 2nd — Brigham City, Tooele, Heber, Richfield. 
With slight variation this programme was carried out 
and other central points of the State were visited as well. 

In Salt Lake City no demonstration was made. Head- 
quarters were opened up in the armory of the National Guard 
on South West Temple street, and without any further adver- 
tising than a few posters and the few notices in the daily news- 
papers, the work of enrolling the volunteers went on. The 
honor of being the first Utah man to enlist in the war must 
be given to L. W. Calhoun, an employee in the freight depart- 
ment of the Union Pacific Railroad company, under General 
Agent Choate. He did not enlist in any of the Utah organ- 
izations but went to his old home in Mississippi and was there 
enrolled. The first Utah boy who enlisted in any Utah or- 
ganization was Arthur L. Thomas, Jr., son of Postmaster 
Thomas. In the country towns through the State there was 
the greatest enthusiasm. Brass bands paraded through the 
streets and public meetings were held where patriotic speeches 
were delivered, and the boys, as they enrolled their names, 
were already spoken of as heroes. The result was that many 
of the hardy sons of the settlements signed away their liber- 
ties and laid their lives upon the altar of their country. 

Commonplace distinction were unthought of. Utah's cit- 
izens were aroused. Mormon, Gentile and Jew, Republican, 



gQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

• 

Democrat and Populist; high, low, rich and poor— all were 
alike carried away by the wave of patriotism that swept the 
State from center to circumference. All trades and callings 
were represented. The lawyer gave up his practice; the 
tradesmen laid aside the tools of his craft; the student forsook 
his books, and the farmer forgot his harvest. The village maid 
put away from her lips the cup of joy that shortly was to be 
hers and gave her lover; the delicately reared city girl gazed 
fondly in the eyes of her affianced and bade him go; wives 
surrendered thir husbands, and mothers, with streaming eyes, 
heard of their noble boys' enlistment and did not say them 
nay. Beside the finely formed characters used by the man of 
education in signing his name was placed the irregular chir- 
ography of the cowboy as he did a like service. Those whom 
the accident of birth had made this land theirs by adoption 
made a like sacrifice for the country of their choice as those 
over whose cradle the Stars and Stripes had waved. The firs^ 
presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 
issued an address to its communicants urging them for the 
honor of the State to fly to arms in so worthy a cause, while 
from the pulpits of the various churches came similar words. 
Employers gladly gave up their most trusted aids to the 
cause, holding their places open for them until the war was 
over. By May 5th the work was done and the recruits were 
at their respective rendezvous. "At this time," to quote from 
the message of Governor Wells to the third State Legislature, 
"the patriotism of the State was so aflame that there were 
upon the grounds at the mustering rendezvous. Fort Douglas, 
Utah, on the bench overlooking Salt Lake City, more than 
twice as many volunteers as were nedeed to fill the quota des- 
ignated. 

The Governor acted upon the supposition that the organi- 
zations wanted were two batteries of artillery and two troops 
of cavalry, but while the recruits were waiting to be mustei-ed 
into the service a telegram was received from the Adjutant- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. i gj 

General at Washington that Utah was expected to furnish but 
one troop of cavalrj^, the same to be a portion of Col. Torrey's 
regiment designated as the Second United States volunteer 
caA'alry. This was a blow to the hopes of many who had vol- 
unteered for the cavalry, and pressure was brought to bear on 
the War department to increase Utah's quota so as to accord 
with the Governor's conception of the orders. After consid- 
erable correspondence the matter was finally settled and a 
troop of cavalry was added to the State's quota to be known 
as the First troop Utah United States Volunteer cavalry, con- 
stituting no part of Col. Torrey's regiment. 

The two batteries and the cavalry troop were shortly after 
mustered into the service and began the active work of equip- 
ping for the front. 



32 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER III." 



THE CAVALRY TROOP. 

TROOP ACCEPTED— OFFICERS— CAMP KENT— DEPARTURE- ARRI- 
VAL, AT SAN FRANCISCO— ROYAL WELCOME— CAMP ROUTINE 
—DISCOURAGEMENT — DIVERSIONS— DEPARTURE FOR YOSEM- 
ITE AND SEQUOIA PARKS— THE MARCH— CAMP IN YOSEMITE 
FIGHTING FOREST FIRES— ROUNDING UP SHEEPHERDERS— 
RETURN TO SAN FRANCISCO— MUSTER OUT AND ROSTER. 



(By Sergeant H. H. Atkinson.) 

When the call for volunteers came, Utah's sons responded 
in numbers greater than the quota asked of the State, which 
was two batteries and two troops of cavalry, one of the latter 
to be for Torrey's Rough Riders. But during the time of en- 
listment word came that only one troop of cavalry was called 
for from the Bee Hive State. The disappointment was too 
great to be borne; for the troop was already formed, and after 
considerable communication with Washington the First Troop 
Utah U. S. Vol. Cavalry was at last received into the volunteer 
service. Joseph E. Caine of Salt Lake, who was Captain of 
Troop A, N. G. U., was appointed Captain; Benner X. Smith 
of Salt Lake, First Lieutenant, and Gordon N. Kimball of Og- 
den, whose grandfather. General Kimball, served with dis- 
tinction in the Civil War, Second Lieutenant. On May 11, 
1898, the three officers and eighty-one men, the chosen few of 
a horde of applicants, took their solemn and ever-respected 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. gg 

oath to serve faithfully the U. S. Government, and be obedient 
to its orders and commands. 

Their fate was sealed for two years. Henceforth their 
duty was to master the art of war ; and to that end each man 
bent every energy. With untiring zeal, in the boiling sun, on 
the dry, hot bench at Camp Kent, the boys, dressed in the 
clothes worn when iirst arriving at Fort Douglas, a motly 
crowd in appearance, received their early instruction at foot 
drilling, in which, before two weeks had elapsed, they had at- 
tained remarkable efficiency. Then came the introduction to 
the mess-table — a most important item of army life to the 
young volunteer. The extremely frugal fare of mess-table 
v.as materially helped out by the kind attention of some of 
the cavalrymen's friends from the city. So that it was not so 
bad as it might have been. Crowds from the city thronged 
the camp and watched the drill, especially at evenings when 
the troop and the two batteries gave an exhibition drill to- 
gether. The purchasing of horses by Lieutenants Dashiell and 
Wells, U. S. A., gave the camp somewhat the appearance of a 
horse-show. The boys enjoyed very much the opportunities 
for displaying their horsemanship, and apart from the break- 
ing of Private Clawson's leg by a horse falling backwards upon 
him, there were no serious accidents. 

At length, a few days after the departure of batteries A and 
B, after much confusion, caused by conflicting orders, first 
directing the troop to go to Chickamauga, then toi San Fran- 
cisco, final word came that on May 24th it should start for 
Camp Merritt at the Golden Gate. With rounds of enthu- 
siastic shouts and cheers, the boys received the news; they 
were now ready — well drilled and equipped with uniforms, 
arms and horses. 

Gloomy and rainy the day of May 24th opened — a repeti- 
tion of several days of showers; but a deluge could not have 
prevented the boys from preparing for their departure. By 2 
o'clock in the afternoon, all were ready to move, and thence- 



34 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



forth Camp Kent was merely a place, passing into history 
as the scene of the earliest experiences of army life. The 
march to the R. G. W. depot, through mud inches in depths 
was long and slow, but full of incident, fervor and enthusiasm. 
Despite the inclement weather, people thronged the streets 
on Brigham, Main and Second South to cheer the boys and 
pay their last respect to the little band departing for other 
lands, where any fate might be awaiting them. 

Mothers, sweethearts, relatives and friends assembled at 
the station to enjoy the last few words with the cavalrymen;, 
and bid them Godspeed as they took their final leave of home. 
Slowly the train pulled out amid deafening cheers from the 
multitude, which was responded to by the boys, crowding the 
platforms by waving their hats. A party from Salt Lake — 
Gov. Wells and members of his staff and citizens — accom- 
panied the troop to Ogden, where, amid the hurrahs of hun- 
dreds, the train moved slowly out. 

The train consisted of five cattle cars and three coaches,^ 
one of the latter for the officers, two for the men. Huddled 
together, two in a seat, without any accommodations for rest, 
without anything but food, they rode in the antiquated cars 
over the hot barren waste of Nevada. But not a murmur of 
complaint was heard, for they were hoping for something 
better on reaching their destination. 

They traveled thus for two days and nights, during which 
time many a hearty reception was received at the little towns 
along the line, especially at those where stops were made for 
coffee at breakfast, dinner and supper time. As soon as the 
ferry boat landed its train load of horses and men at the 
wharf of San Francisco late in the afternoon of May 26th, the 
boys were met by the ladies of the San Francisco Red Cross 
Society', who greeted them with cups of hot coffee and sand- 
wiches; these alone saved all from going to bed hungry, no 
supper being served that night. It was one of many occasions 
where heartfelt thanks were rendered by the soldiers to that 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 35 

illustrious organization, ever watcMul' of the welfare of the 
Boys in Blue. 

Utah's troop was royally welcomed as they marched 
through the main thoroughfare to their new quarters at Camp 
Merritt. Pitching tents temporarily for the night, they turned 
in early to get a much-needed rest after their fatiguing jour- 
ney. 

On the following day a permanent arrangement of camp 
was made, and the place was visited by people in large num- 
bers; many bringing fruit, cakes, and other w^elcome additions 
to the extremely frugal fare of the camp; which during several 
days, for all meals, was bacon, canned tomatoes, bread and 
coffee, with an occasional addition of rice and beans. 

Utah's troop was the only mounted cavalry organization 
out of 10.000 men at Camp Merritt, and shared well in the 
attention paid to the volunteers by the citizens of San Fran- 
cisco. 

Quickly the camp settled down to a regular routine of 
daily work: Reveille, first call, 5:40 a. m.; reveille, 5:50; as- 
sembly. 6:00; breakfast call, 6:15; stable call, 6:45; sick call, 
7:00; guard mount, 7:45; assembly guard details, 7:55; adju- 
tant call, 8:00; mounted drill, first call, 8:45; assembly, 9:00; 
recall, 11:00; dinner, 12 m.; water call, 12:45 p. m.; carbine 
drill, first call, 1:25; assembly, 1:30; recall, 2:30; saber drill, 
first call, 3:55; assembly, 4:00; recall, 5:00; retreat, first call, 
7:10; assembly, 7:15; troop inspection under arms immediately 
after retreat; tatoo, 9:00; call to quarters, 10; taps, 10:20. 
Troopers will turn out with sabers at reveille and with car- 
bines at retreat roll call. All tents will be policed and all 
tent walls raised before guard mounting. Tent walls will not 
be lowered before supper call, unless especially ordered. 

The first blow to the troop's expectation of departing for 
Manila was given when news was received that the batteries 
were to form a part of the Second Expedition — the cavalry re- 
maining behind. 



36 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



They were encouraged again by the departure, June 10th, 
of Lieutenant Kimball, Sergeant Cobb and Private Brattain 
for Salt Lake to enlist nineteen recruits in order to bring the 
troop to its maximum strength of one hundred men. A week 
later the nineteen sturdy fellows, called ''rookies," joined the 
veterans at San Francisco. 

All spare time in the day was generally employed in clean- 
ing equipments which were constantly being rusted by fogs. 
Between retreat and taps all not on duty could leave camp 
and enjoy themselves as they pleased. How the troop was 
envied by others for the privilege, which was due to the fact 
that Capt. Caine reported directly to Generals Merritt or Otis, 

Days passed with no news of orders to embark upon any 
of the ships that sailed. The surety was made less certain by 
a leave of absence of three weeks obtained by Capt. Caine to 
return home to his sick wife. 

On the 15th of July, orders were issued transferring the 
L'^tah cavalry from the Philippine Islands expeditionary forces 
to the Department of California, and directing the troop tO' 
move to the Presidio. 

Discouraged in mind, disheartened in soul, the next day 
they rolled in the tents and transported everything to a little- 
side hill, south of the barracks. The position of the camp was 
ideal, being surrounded on three sides with groves of trees,. 
and commanding a most enchanting view of the beautiful San 
Francisco Bay. 

The change marked the beginning of a new life — the life 
practically of a regular, in time of peace; an unhealthy life; 
dangerous in its inactivity and exposure to temptation. But 
knowing that the eyes of the people of Utah were watching 
them, and realizing the name of the troop rested with the repu- 
tation made by its individual members, the troopers were so 
mindful of their conduct that throughout its stay at Camp 
Merritt and the Presidio no one was confined for any offense 
caused by his own indiscretion. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 37 

On June 30th Private Brattain was tried by court-martial 
of the Third Brigade for sleeping on post. It was shown, 
however, that he was a victim of lead rheumatism, which 
caused fits of drowsiness, and that it was during one of these 
I)eriods he was overpowered with sleep. He was ordered 
honorably discharged on account of physical disability. 

With only two hours of drill and freedom from noon wa- 
ter call, life at the Presidio was easy, uninteresting and un- 
eventful. 

Watching the main guard mounts at the Presidio, an in- 
teresting and unostentatious ceremony, quite a contrast to the 
primitive affair at Camp, fishing for crabs on the beach, and 
an occasional ride to Alcatraz, Angel Island, and a few points 
in the Bay on the U. S. launch McCulloch, were the pastimes 
during the long hours of rest. So that when the rumor of 
going to the Yosemite, Sequoia and Gen. G-rant Parks as- 
sumed the air of fact, it was hailed with delight — as a freedom 
from the long-continued drudgery of a camp, and a respite 
from the monotonous grind. There was at least something to 
look forward to to wile away the time, until the Government 
would relieve the troop from its service, and still, when that 
happy moment came, they could say that they had been of 
some benefit and not an entirely useless expense, 

August 13th saw the troop's departure from San Fran- 
cisco on the long journey of 250 or 300 miles through a tropical 
part of California to the distant Yosemite and Sequoia Parks. 

For three days the march was through the most beautiful 
part of the San Mateo Valley, one of the great fruit raising 
districts of California, the first stop being made at "Uncle 
Tom's Cabin." 

At Redwood, a thriving town on the bay, the ladies of the 
Red Cross were again in evidence, and spread before the hun- 
dred hungry fellows a veritable banquet. 

The troopers rode in a long column of twos, enveloped in 
dense clouds of dust, so thick that, at times, a rider could 



QQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

scarcely see his companion alongside. The fourth night was 
spent at Coyote, a place well named; thence to Gilroy, and on 
again to Ball's Station; from whence a forced march of 35 
miles was taken to Los Banos. Here the opportunity of a 
much needed and desired bath was thoroughly enjoyed. A 
thriving little vineyard was close by. Assuming, of course, 
that permission had been obtained, all went wildly after the 
delicious grapes, and not until their shirts, towels, hats, or 
whatever they had, was filled, did any say "adieu." Many 
were expert foragers, but it must be understood that every- 
thing of the feathered famil}^ or vegetable kingdom that was 
brought into camp was legitimately taken. A good living 
was thus afforded to some all the way, much better than to 
those who did not "rustle." 

Proceeding across the San Joaquin Valley to the Los 
Palos Ranch and to Firebaugh's, where preparations were 
made for another forced march. As usual on such occasions, 
the camp was astir at 2:30 a, m. 

Grroping around trying to avoid everything, one collided 
with anything; knocked over some one's coffee, or scattered 
dirt over another's plate; so that a Babel of unintelligible ex- 
pressions often filled the air; everybody was heard, but no 
one was seen. 

On the evening of the 23rd of August the two contingents 
separated; the one under Capt. Caine and Lieutenant Kimball 
starting on a midnight ride to Raymond, a town at the com- 
mencement of the Sierras. Lieutenant Smith left for Sequoia 
with his thirty-three men the following morning. 

At 2:30 a. m. of the following day the place was reached. 
In two days more Waroon's was reached, and Camp A. E. 
Wood taken possession of, this year, by the volunteer cavalry. 

The new camp in the Yosemite Park, Camp A. E. Wood, 
was situatad on a little flat in the canyon of the South Fork 
of the Merced; it was surrounded on all sides by dense woods, 
while in the enclosure itself towered several heavy pines with 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g^ 

many of smaller size scattered about. Directly in front of the 
row of tents, 200 feet distant, a mountain stream, teeming 
with trout, wended its way onward to form an elegant bathing 
pool some 2000 feet down the canyon. By the regulars at an 
earlier day a bridge had been constructed across the creek, 
and many other structures of use erected, such as blacksmith^ 
saddle and bakeshops, a kitchen and a commissary. Then, too, 
there were found floors, bunks, shelves and tables for the 
tents — all the requisites for perfect comfort. 

Not more than a week of rest was allowed the horses 
before Sergeant Joe Richards, Corporal Howell, Lund, Ladd, 
Woodford, Robinson, Woolsey and a few others were sent to 
fight a raging forest fire west of the lower end of the Yose- 
mite Valley. They were out for four weeks, having suddenly 
been detailed to search for sheep, the longest time for one 
outing in the troop. It was the first of many details dis- 
patched in rapid succession to various parts of the park, some 
for fires, others, the greater number, to round up sheepherders 
and scatter the bands. That was the work for which the cav- 
alry became so famous; and although no sharp encounter with 
Spaniards was ever experienced, many lively chases were made 
after the unarmed sheepherders, and dashing charges into un- 
protected bands of sheep. 

A few days later every one in camp was excited over the 
chances of an actual battle, likely to occur between some 
obstreperous sheepmen and a detail organized to teach the 
intruders the law, heavily armed with loads of ammunition, 
prepared for the worst, they all went — Lieutenant Kimball, 
Sergeants Meteer and Price, Corporals Ritchie and Weather- 
ly, and Brattain, Gannon, Dunford, Rich, Barnett and several 
more. To say all were disappointed is mild, when, upon 
reaching the scene of the alleged trouble, there was no one to 
be pierced by a Springfield bullet. So they searched for the 
villains, harmless in the extreme, rounding up nine, to be 
brought back by a few of the detail. The others continued 



40 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



the round-up without excitement, except when Gannon lost 
himself, worrying the Lieutenant for a few hours. 

Life in the Yosemite was the healthiest in the army, the 
climate and elevation being almost identical with that of Zion. 

Those, less fortunate, who remained in camp were occa- 
sionally exercised with drills, but all able visited the many 
wonders in the vicinity. Small parties frequented the big 
tree grove of Mariposa, where the great redwoods abound. 

When not at the place of natural wonders, some spent a 
day or two fishing or hunting, generally returning with evi- 
dences of great success. To Marsh alone belongs the credit 
of having killed a bear. 

At Red Hill, Sequoia Park, the boys, although not so 
bounteously supplied with the ''comforts of home," enjoyed 
themselves as having the best camp and most support. Veni- 
son was a dish enjoyed quite often at their happy camp. 

That they were leaders in the social realm no one can 
doubt. They were royally entertained at Fresno on their way 
to Sequoia, and from nearby towns invitations were always 
extended to the camp to be present at the affairs of pleasure. 
On one occasion, at a marriage ceremony of great pomp and 
style for the place, Ives Cobb won the praise of all for his 
characteristic ease and grace while oflflciating as master of 
ceremonies. 

Success attended the work for which the cavalry had 
been sent to the national parks. At General Grant and 
Sequoia reserves the cattle and sheep were early driven out; 
unable to return on account of heavy storms of rain and snow. 
In the great Yosemite, large in area and difficult for travel, 
40,000 of the woolly backs were scattered and 20 herders 
brought to camp as prisoners. They were dangerous looking 
fellows ; but "appearances are deceitful." A lot more coward- 
ly and submissive, though treacherous if not watched, could 
not be found. They were principally Portuguese and Basque 
French. 




LIEUT. GORDON N. KIMBALL. 




LIEUT. SIDNEY K. HOOPER. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 41 

By the 20th of October the parks were clear; cold and 
stormy weather had commenced, so that when orders came 
to start, October 29th, on the return journey to San Francisco, 
there was happiness in every one's heart. They were happy 
because they felt that the sooner they were back into civiliza- 
tion that much quicker the troop might be placed on the list 
of those to be mustered out. 

Bright and early on the morning of the 29th, although high 
carnival was held the preceding night, Capt. Caine's men left 
the scenes of their military service for the last two months 
on their homeward journey. Stopping at Mariposa and Homi- 
tos for the night's rest, they arrived at Merced on the third 
day to wait for the Sequoia detachment under Lieutenant 
Kimball ; Lieutenant Smith being absent on a furlough to Salt 
Lake. After three days' rest the journey was begun to Los 
Banos and then by the former route back to San Francisco, 
with a two days' stop at San Jose. Arriving at the Presidio 
November 11th, a temporary camp of shelter tents was made 
awaiting a move into the barracks. 

There were but two skeleton troops of the Fourth cavalry 
and two companies of the Eighth California regiment to garri- 
son the large post ; so that men in large numbers were drawn 
to supply the demand. Forty men from the troop, excluding 
non-commissioned officers, were daily engaged at the various 
duties; main guard, patrol, prison guard, fatigue, old guard 
and special fatigue, and stables. These unfavorable condi- 
tions, coupled with the news of so many regiments disbanding, 
drove the desire for freedom into a perfect longing, insatiable 
until their great object was attained. There were others now 
working in behalf of the troop, and for some of its members 
individually. Privates Adams and Brattain had obtained dis- 
charges while in the Yosemite, and now all who had influence 
to work for them were making the most of it. Sudden and un- 
pected news was received that, by the efforts of Senator Can- 
non and Governor Wells, the Utah cavalry was ordered dis- 



^2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

charged. The barrack room that night was a perfect bedlam. 
The troopers, in their joj were uncontrollable, overturning 
beds, throwing pillows and other belongings about until one's 
presence was made painfully dangerous. 

None of the officers were there to hinder the hard usage 
of Uncle Sam's property — to the perfect satisfaction of the 
merry-makers. In a few days the troop was relieved of all gar- 
rison duty, by the commander, Lieut.-Col. Wagner, Fourth 
cavalry, who officially, in highest terms, complimented the of- 
ficers and men for their efficiency, and performance of duty. 

The troop's existence was rapidly drawing to a close, but 
before separating it was decided that a remembrance be given 
to the popular First Sergeant, Meteer, who, in his own pecu- 
liar way, had given a helping hand to many in danger of dis- 
tress. A handsome watch was obtained, which Private Evant 
after a few remarks, presented to him. 

The last few days before December 23rd were occupied, 
in cleaning equipments and checking them fo the Quarter- 
master. 

There was one, not already discharged, whose name was 
not among those to be mustered out. This name was that of 
Private William Ttift, but it was written on a more sacred 
roll — the roll of honor with others who died while serving un- 
der the Stars and Stripes of Old Glory. Stricken with what 
was first thought to be rheumatism, caused by sleeping on the 
damp ground, he was removed on July 24th to the hospital, 
where at first he seemed to be recovering. But the malady 
was the dreadful typhoid fever and he slowly sank until he 
joined the great army where 

"On Fame's eternal camping ground, 

Their silent tents are spread, 
And glory guards with solemn round 

The bivouac of the dead." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 43 

The great day at last rolled around, December 23, 1898, as 
joyous and liappy to the members of the Utah troops as the 
time on the fields of Camp Kent, when they, a selected few 
donned the blue uniforms of Uncle Sam. Clad in their slick 
est suits, their countenances beaming with smiles of delight 
they lined up before the barracks. 

In a few but well chosen remarks the Captain bade fare 
well to the boys; then in final command the order rang out 
"Right face, forward, column right, march!" In a long string 
one after another, they passed the mustering out oflOicer-s desk 
received their discharge papers, with final pay, and emerged, 
in a second, back into the long coveted life of a civilian. 

ROSTER OF FIRST TROOP U. S. VOLUNTEER CAVALRY 

Captain — Joseph E. Cainef Salt Lake. 
First Lieutenant — Benner X. Smitlf,' Salt Lake. 
Second Lieutenant — Gordon N. Kimball, Ogden. 
First Sergeant — John Meteer, Richfield. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant — Sam S. Porter, Salt Lake. 

Sergeants — • 
Charles O. Merrill, Salt Lake. 
Ernest de Vigne, Salt Lake. 

Ives E. Cobb, Salt Lake. i 

William A. Fortescue, Salt Lake. 
Charles S. Price, Salt Lake. 
Joseph H. Richards, Salt Lake. 

Corporals^ — 
Harry H. Atkinson, Salt Lake.** 
Paul Kimball/ Salt Lake. 
Wilford V. Young, Logan. 
John H. Edwards, Logan. 
Francis K. B. Ritchie, Salt Lake; 
Albert W. Lee, Tooele. 
Walter S. Clawson, Salt Lake, 
John B. Wheeling, Salt Lake. 



., UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Farriers — 
Louis Smith, Price. 
Emron C. Wright, Richfield. 

Musicians — 
John C. Crawford, Brigham. 
Otis O. Butcher, Salt Lake. 

Saddler — 
James Payne, Salt Lake. 

Wagoner — 
Marion Grundy, Logan. 

Privates — 
William P. Adams, Salt Lake. 
Albert W. Andrews, Nephi. 
Jacob Brandt, Eureka. 

Arthur L. Brattain, Salt Lake. 

Oscar H. Breinholdt, Ephraim. 

Homer Brown, Salt Lake. 

Joel T. Brown, Logan. 

Enoch J. Cavanaugh, Salt Lake. 

Alex Colbath, Salt Lake.* 

Arthur F. Conklin, Salt Lake. 

Perry R. Cotner, Price.** 

Samuel Dallin, Springville. 

Roy W. Daniel, Salt Lake. 

Arthur Dennis, Jr., Richfield. 

William H. Donaldson, Price. 

AVilliam B. Dodds, Tooele. 

Jarvis C. Doud, Nephi. 

Rupert A. Dunford, Salt Lake. 

Frank M. Eldredge, Salt Lake. 

James W. Estes, Salt Lake. 

Peter J. Fairclpugh, Bingham. 

Ellis 0. Freeh, Salt Lake. 

W^alter F. Gannon, Salt Lake. 

William H. Gardner, Salt Lake. 




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UTAH VOLUNTEERS. * ^ V -''W 45 



William R. Greenwood, American Fork. 

Frank Harkness, Salt Lake. 

George P. Hansen, Salt Lake. 

Abner B. Harris, Eureka.* 

Robert L. Hodgert, Salt Lake. 

J. F. Howell, Belnap. 

Kalpli Irvine, Provo. 

Roger C. Canters, Salt Lake. 

Elliott T. Kimball, Salt Lake. 

Greeley C. Ladd, Salt Lake. 

Albert W. Lee, Salt Lake. 

William D. Loveless, Jr., Paysou. 

Albert W. Luff, Salt Lake. 

Martin Lund, Logan. 

Rufus A. Marsh, Grantsville. 

Fred H. May, Salt Lake. 

Arthtir L. Miller, Centerville. 

George C Morrison, Richfield. 

Le Roy Nelson, Richfield. 

Charles A. Xielson, Richfield. 

Charles B. Neugebauer, Price. 

George M. Page, Payson. 

George E. Paget, Tooele. 

Clem V. Porter, Salt Lake. 

Christian Peterson, Salina. 

Ray R. Pratt, Salt Lake. 

F. K. B. Ritchie, Salt Lake.* 

Fred E. Racker, Lehi. 

Garry X. Searle, Payson. 

Lewis Schoppe, Salt Lake. 

Paul Spenst, Eureka. 

William J. Stephens, Bingham. 

Moroni E. Tervort, Payson. 

Delbert W. Whiting, Gunnison. 

George L. Weiler, Salt Lake. 



46 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Joseph T. Woodford, Salt Lake. 

Kleber Worley, Mercur. 

Weatherby, Kichard.** I 

Rich, Eddie E.* ! 

Barnett, W. J. i 1 

Campbell, Wm. J. ', 1 

Clark, William L. 

Sells, Louis M. I . • 

Wolsey, Joseph. I 

Esse, Henry R. . ; , ' 

Evans, Peter C. i ' 

Payle, Nicholas, Jr. . 

Groo, Scott. ; 

Hampton, H. Ben. ; 

Hilliard, Mark T. ' 

Hyde, William H. 

Judson, Charles F. r 

Milligan, Alex. 

Eobinson, Hyrum W. 

Stuart, Charles E. 

**Promoted to be sergeant. 

*Promoted to be corporal. 

CAPTAIN JOSEPH E. CAINE. 

Captain Joseph E. Caine, who commanded the Utah Cav- 
alry during the late war, was born in Salt Lake City in 1864, 
being a son of Hon. John T. Caine, who for many years repre- 
sented Utah in Congress. 

Mr. Caine was educated at the University of Deseret (now 
University of Utah), the Maryland Agricultural College, near 
Washington, D. C, and at the United States Military Academy 
at West Point, New York. After returning from school, he 
engaged in newspaper work, first with the "Salt Lake Demo- 
crat," afterwards with the "Tribune," and finally with the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 47 

"Herald." In 1888 he married Miss Annie Hooper, daughter 
of the late Captain William H. Hooper, and shortly afterwards 
gaye up newspaper work and engaged in the insurance busi- 
ness, until the breaking out of the war. 

In the last five years he has taken an active part in the 
National Guard, serving first as Assistant Adjutant-General 
upon the staff of Brigadier-General Willard Young, afterward 
Colonel of the Second United States Volunteer Engineers. 
This position he resigned in 1897, to accept the Captaincy of 
Troop A, First Cavalry, N. G. U. 

When the call came from the President for volunteers for 
the war with Spain, Captain Caine offered his services and was 
selected by Governor Wells to command the First Troop, Utah 
United States Volunteer Cavalry. This troop was an inde- 
pendent command, organized under special authority from the 
War Department, and was composed of three officers and one 
hundred picked men. 

While in Yosemite Park, Captain Caine was appointed by 
the Secretary of the Interior to the position of acting superin- 
tendent of the great reserve, containing about 2000 square 
miles of territory. 

After returning to the Presidio, Captain Caine was given 
command of a squadron of cavalry, composed of his own troop 
and two troops of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry (regular). 

LIEUTENANT BENNER X. SMITH. 

First Lieutenant Benner X. Smith, son of the Honorable 
Arthur A. Smith, late Brigadier-General of U. S. Volunteers, 
was born at Galesburg, 111., May 28th, 1868, at which place his 
parents still live; graduated at Knox College, and then en- 
tered the Columbia Law School of New York, from which 
place he graduated in 1892 with a decree of L. L. B., the same 
year being admitted to the bar of New York State; removed 
to Salt Lake City, Utah, where he entered the practice of his 



4g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

profession with F. B. Stephens. In the fall of the same year 
he was appointed Assistant United States Attorney for the 
then Territory of Utah. Upon Utah becoming a State, he was 
appointed Deputy Attorney-General, which position he occu- 
pied until the outbreak of the war with Spain, when he re- 
signed to accept a commission as First Lieutenant in the llrst 
troop of Utah Volunteer Cavalry, and was mustered into the 
services of the United States at Fort Douglas, Utah, on the 
11th day of May, 1898. His troop left for the Presidio, Califor- 
nia, on the 24th day of May, 1898, where they remained until 
the 29th day of October, 1898, when they were ordered to pa- 
trol the Yosemite and Sequoia and Gen, Grant National Parks, 
in California. During these services, Lieutenant Smith was 
appointed by the Secretary of the Interior as acting superin- 
tendent of Sequoia and Gen. Grant National Parks. He was 
mustered out of the services at San Francisco, California, on 
the 23rd day of December, 1898, and immediately returned to 
Salt Lake City, where he resumed the practice of the law with 
his former partner, Frank B. Stephens. 

LIEUTENANT GOEDON N. KIMBALL. 

Lieutenant Gordon N. Kimball was born in Indianapolis, 
Ind., on June 23, 1875. His father is James N. Kimball, eldest 
son of the late General Nathan Kimball, and his mother El- 
giva Gordon, the daughter of the late Major Jonathan W. Gor- 
don of the United States Army, and an eminent member of the 
Indianapolis bar. When Gordon N. was less than a year old, 
his parents removed to Salt Lake City, and since that time 
have resided in Utah. He was educated at the Ogden schools 
until 1888, when he went to Shattuck Military Academy, Fari- 
bault, Minnesota, graduating there in 1891, after which, in 
1892, he entered the Ann Arbor Law School, remaining one 
year; and thereafter, in 1894, was admitted to the bar of the 
Supreme Co art of Utah, since which time he has practiced 




CAPT. JOSEPH E. CAINE. 




LIEUT. BBNNER X. SMITH. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. . 49 

law in Ogden, Utah, save when in the military service of the 
United States. 

On May 8, 1898, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant 
of First Troop, Utah Volunteer Cavalry, serving till his troop 
was mustered out at the close of the Spanish war. After re- 
maining out of the service for some months, he was recom- 
missioned on the 6th of August, 1899, as Second Lieutenant of 
the Thirty-fifth United States Volunteer Infantry, Colonel 
Plummer; and after two months spent in the recruiting ser- 
vice in California, he sailed with his regiment on the 4th of 
October, 1899, for Manila, Philippine Islands, where he is at 
present serving. 

Lieutenant Kimball is a splendid illustration of the law 
of heredity. On both sides he inherits the instincts of an 
American soldier, and his family on each side have preserved 
the best traditions of the service. With such an heredity and 
bred in such an environment, it were impossible that the young 
Lieutenant should not realize the highest ideal of an Ameri- 
can officer. 



50 . UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



TORREY'S ROUGH RIDERS. 

TROOP I, 2ND REGIMENT, U. S. CAVALRY —ENLISTMENT— EQUIP- 
MENT — SERVICE— DISBANDMENT— ROSTER. 



Who has not heard of the Rough Riders? Imagine, if you 
will, a combination of dudes, bankers, cowboys, sheepherders, 
prospectors, broncho busters and plainsmen, and you will 
have an idea of the Rough Riders. All the world has heard of 
the cowboys of the plains, of their dash, courage and vim, of 
their reckless dare-devil life, whether in rounding up a bunch 
of wild cattle upon the plains, or shooting holes through a 
mirror behind the bar of a village grog-shop. All the w^orld 
has heard of his out-of-door life, and that when upon the back 
of a bucking bronco, he was as much at home as if he were 
making love in tender accents to a squatter's daughter. In all, 
and over all, he was a man, a man who accepted whatever 
came as a matter of course. Amid the rain and sleet of the 
mountains in the summer, or amid the snows of winter, he was 
always at home, perfectly self-possessed and cool. This class 
of men formed the majority of the rank and file of Col. Tor- 
rej's regiment, known as the Second U. S. Volunteer Cavalry. 
When word was received that Utah would be asked to fur- 
nish her quota of these dashing horsemen and dead-shot rifle- 
men, it became a sharp rivalry as to who should be allowed 
the privilege of joining this coveted organization. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 51 

The requisites for a position in this regiment, as tele- 
graphed to Gov. Wells, by Adjutant-General Corbin, were that 
the men should be good shots and good riders. The conse- 
quence was that the most unique body of cavalry the world 
had ever seen assembled at Fort Douglas, to be mustered into 
the U. S. service. As horsemen, they were the equals, if not 
the superiors, of the Mongolian Tartars, who had been bred to 
the saddle for, perhaps, 10,000 years, and as marksmen they 
surprised the Parthian horsemen in effectiveness, and the 
Balearic slingers in accuracy. 

^'Colonel Torrey was the originator of the idea of the or- 
ganization of troops consisting of 'frontiersmen, who are 
marksmen and horsemen,' and secured the legislation pursu- 
ant to which three regiments of cavalry of this character 
have been enlisted. They were Colonel K-oosevelt's Eough 
Riders, Colonel Torrey's Rocky Mountain Cavalry, and Colonel 
Griggsby's Cowboys. 

"The organization of the Rocky Mountain Riders by Colo- 
nel Torrey was a marvelous exhibition of the possibilities of 
our present state of civilization. He arrived at Fort Russell, 
Wyoming, on May 16th, and fourteen days later was mustered 
as Colonel of the regiment; there having arrived and been 
mustered in the meantime one troop from Idaho, one from 
!Nevada, one from Utah, and seven from Wyoming. In addi- 
tion, there were two troops in the regiment from Colorado, 
which were mustered prior to Colonel Torrey's coming to Fort 
D. A. Russell." 

Colonel John Q. Cannon opened the recruiting office here 
for the Rough Eiders on May 7, 1898, and in a few days the 
company was full. The men, eighty-five in number, reached 
Fort Russell, Wyo., May 15th. There they were mustered into 
the service, with John Q. Cannon — who afterwards became 
Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment — as Captain of the com- 
pany — I of the Second Volunteer cavalry. 

On their way to Jacksonville, Fla., the regiment met with 



52 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

fi dreadful railroad accident, in whicli six men were killed 
and a large number wounded, including Colonel Torrey him- 
self. 

Camp life at Jacksonville was anything but pleasant. In 
addition to the routine of duty (described elsewhere in this 
work), the disorder, confusion, overcrowding and the wretched 
rations made life anything but enjoyable. However, but one 
overwhelming desire animated eyerj one, viz., to get to the 
front and at the foe. 

"The American volunteer soldier," remarked "Happy 
Jack" Hall of Ogden, "is the cussedest animal in existence. 
Take him out in the broiling sun, fight him all day, don't give 
him a d — d thing to eat, and nasty ditch water to drink and he 
hasn't a word of complaint; in fact, he is just tickled to death. 
But let him get his belly full of grub — good or bad — and he 
starts right in to kick. It doesn't make any difference what 
the object of his kick is — generally it's everything and every- 
body, from the Government and President down to the grub 
and company Captain. He has got to growl. Growling re- 
lieves his soul." 

So it was at Jacksonville. If a man did not understand 
the nature of the growlers, and took the universal growl seri- 
ously, he would have imagined that Uncle Sam could never 
dare to put these half mutinous volunteers in the field. Just 
there he would miss, it. The "jawsmiths" of the camp become 
transformed as if by magic into the immortal Rough Riders, 
who stormed San Juan on an empty stomach, or on embalmed 
beef. 

True, Torrey's men did not have the glorious opportunity 
which came to Roosevelt's boys, but they were there for that 
purpose, and, in the language of one of them, "We'd a turned 
the trick as slick as Rosy's boys did, and you can go your last 
chip on it." Not what men do, but what they stand ready to 
do; not what opportunities they embrace, but what undertak- 
ings they dare; not what results are accomplished, but what 



UTAH A'OLUXTEERS. 53 

spirit animates the doers — must remain the test of a soldier. 
Measured by such a standard, we must recognize that the men 
at Jacksonville were of the same heroic mold as the men who 
stormed the heights of San Juan. At the close of the war they 
were mustered out of service and melted into the obscurity of 
private life; but it seems safe to say that if the task of settling 
with "Aggie and his niggers" could be turned over to a half- 
dozen such regiments of rough riders, they would be corraled 
like a herd of cattle upon the plains in short order, and the 
round-up wo aid be complete. 

KOSTER OF TROOP I, SECOND REGIMENT, U. S. VOL- 
UNTEER CAVALRY. 

(Torrey's Rough Riders.) 

Captain — John Q. Cannon. Salt Lake. 

First Lieutenant — J. Wash Young,, Salt Lake. 

Second Lieutenant — Andrew J. Burt, "Salt Lake. 

Privates — 
William O. Ash, Mt. Pleasant. 
Earl B. Allen, Provo. 
Orson Allred, Beaver. 
John R. Beck, Salt Lake. 
Eric A. Anderson, Logan. 
Jesse F. Bean, Richfield. 
Jason R. Beebe, Crantsville. 
Charles H. Bates, Richfield. 
Lorenzo Bohm, Beaver. 
A. L. Cummings, Mercur. 
William F. Cleghorn, Salt Lake. 
A. C. Christensen, Logan. 
Edward W. Clarke, Salt Lake. 
E. H. Clark, Fayette. 
Frederick S. Dart. Springville. 



54 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Charles M. Dull, Salt Lake. 

Clarence R. Drake, Salt Lake. 

Reuben W. De Witt, Jr., Richfield. 

Robert Forrester, Castle Gate. 

Frederick B. Fowler, Brigham City. 

Stephen H. Fotheringham, Beaver City. 

William H. Goldman, Salt Lake. 

F. C. Goodwin, Logan. 

Samuel E. Hansen, Tooele. 

Sydney C. Hays, Salina. 

Joseph A. Harris, Monroe. 

John C. Hilbert, Salt Lake. 

Harry Harris, Beaver. 

Carl B. Hard, Salt Lake. 

Wilb H. Harris, Price. 

Sidney K. Hooper, Salt Lake. 

Charles C. W. Jasperson, Salt Lake. 

Frank Jardine, Mercur. 

Thomas Jones, Jr., Price. 

James Kidney, Corinne. 

Lewis Larson, Dover. 

John H. Lundy, Murray. 

William H. Leiter, Springville. 

Joseph R. Lewis, Salt Lake. 

Robert R. Moody, Salt Lake. 

Edgar C. McCarty, Monroe. 

John H. Manson, Monroe. 

Burton C. Morris, Salt Lake. 

A. G. McKenzie, Salt Lake. 

James McPherson, Salt Lake. 

W. Archie McKay, Salt Lake. 

Joseph V. E. Marsh, Alton, 111. 

Albert F. Ooakason, Salt Lake. 

Thomas Lee O'Flynn, Murray. 

F. H. Plaisted, Salt Lake. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 55 



Newman A. Page, Salt Lake. 
Arthur H. Prade, Salt Lake. 
Lars Peterson, Logan. 
R. G. Pratt, Salt Lake. 
Jolin H. Einley, Salt Lake. 
Jethro M. Rydalch^ "Grants ville. 
John D. B. Eogers, Salt Lake. 
William C. Eitter, Mercur. 
L. Eobinson, Ogden. 
Milford B. Shipp, Jr., Monroe. 
Francis E. Shepard, Eichfield. 

D. E. Scales, Brigham City. 
David Sanderson, Santaquin. 
Luther J. Stewart, Spanish Fork. 
Uri Stewart, Jr., Spanish Fork. 
J. C. Smelser, Salt, Lake. 
George C. Sharp, Salt Lake. 
John W. Streeper, Springville. 
Arthur Smith, Beaver. 

Chris S. Sorensen, Marysvale. 
Joseph F. Skinner, Salt Lake. 
George E. Sproat, Salt Lake. 

E. E. Thompson, Nephi. 
L. S. Tenney, Logan. 

James B. Willison, Salt Lake. 
Francis M. Walker, Salt Lake. 
Axel W. Ekdahl, Laramie, Wyo. 
Eobert C. Wilkerson, Sheridan, Wyo. 
Samuel C. Elder, Holyoke, Colo. 
Joseph A. Young,- Salt Lake. 



5^ UTAH VOLUINTEEHS. 



JOHN Q. CANNON. 

John Q. Cannon was born in San Francisco, April 19, 1857, 
but his parents were Utah pioneers, and he always lived in this 
State. He was graduated from the University of Utah, but 
previously had prepared for, and in competitive examination 
had won, the appointment as cadet to the U. S. Military Acad- 
emy — an appointment which was withheld from him because 
his father, then Delegate in Congress, and having the appoint- 
ing power, declined to nominate his own son. Young Cannon 
learned the printer's trade, and then entered the journalistic 
profession. He served in every department of the pioneer 
Utah paper, the Deseret News, from office boy to editor-in- 
chief, holding the latter position when the war with Spain was 
declared. For several years he was also editor of the Ogden 
Standard. Immediately after the passage by the Utah Legis- 
lature of the act creating the National Guard of the State, he 
organized a cavalry troop and was elected its Captain; eight 
months later he was promoted to be Major commanding all 
the State cavalry, and three months after this he was made 
Adjutant-General, with the rank of Brigadier-General. This 
was in the closing year of Utah's existence as a Territory, but 
with the advent of Statehood he was continued in the office 
until he resigned it, together with his editorial duties as above 
mentioned, to enter the Volunteer service in the Spanish- 
American war. At the first call for volunteers he responded, 
and collected the quota of men allotted to this State in the or- 
ganization of the Second U. S. Volunteer Cavalry, the famous 
Torrey regiment of Rough Riders, and, reporting at Fort D. A. 
Russell, was mustered in as Captain of Troop I (the Utah 
troop), on May 18, 1898. Less than a month later he was com- 
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment, which pro- 
ceeded to Florida, being assigned to the Seventh Army Corps, 
in June. The regiment had no opportunity to leave American 




CAPT. JOHN Q. CANNON. 




LIEUT. ANDREW J. BURT. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 57 

Boil, and it was mustered out of service at Jacksonville Octo- 
ber 24, 1898, he having commanded it during more than half 
the entire time of its existence. Retur-ning home in November, 
he was, during the ensuing winter, aj^x^ointed Brigadier-Gen- 
eral commanding the National Guard of Utah, which position 
be still holds. 

J. WASH YOUNG. 

J. Wash Young, son of Brigham Young and Jane Carring- 
ton Young, was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, October 16, 1864, 
and attended the public schools of this city, graduating from 
the University of Utah at twenty years of age. Since then he 
has been in business in Salt Lake, and is at present a well- 
known traveling salesman. When the call came for volunteers 
to fight in the late Spanish war, Mr. Young promptly offered 
his services, and was enlisted as a x^rivate in the Second 
United States Volunteer Cavalry, commonly known as Tor- 
rey's Rough Riders. He was elected First Lieutenant of Troop 
I, in which he had enlisted, May 17, 1898, at Fort Russell, 
Wyoming, and assumed the duties of his rank June 20, 1898. 
He received a Cax>tain's commission July 18, 1898, and com- 
manded the troop until August 18, 1898. He was then placed 
on General Fitzhugh Lee's staff and put in command of the 
convalescent camp at Pablo Beach, Florida. 

Here the trying and uncongenial character of his duties 
impelled him to ask for his release more than once; but his 
superiors considered that they could not sux)i)ly his x>lace, and, 
therefore, he remained at his post of duty until the Seventh 
Army Corps removed to Savannah, Georgia, November 1, 1898, 
before embarking for Cuba. 



Kg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

ANDREW J. BURT. 

Andrew J. Burt was born in Salt Lake City, his father 
being Scotch, and his mother English. He obtained his educa- 
tion in the public schools, and began life at the age of 15 in 
the carpenter-shop department of the Union Pacific Railroad 
Company, where he remained for more than eight years. He 
next worked as a locomotive fireman for three and a half 
years. Under Marshal Phillips he served as patrolman on the 
Salt Lake City police force. In August, 1886, he was elected 
Sheriff of Salt Lake County, and was twice re-elected to fill 
that position, in 1888 and 1890. At the breaking out of the 
Spanish-American war, Mr. Burt offered his services to his 
country, which were promptly accepted. He was enlisted as 
Second Lieutenant of Troop I, Torrey's Rough Riders. He 
discharged the duties of his rank with the most commendable 
zeal and ability until the regiment was mustered out of the 
service of the United States. He received a commission as 
Captain in the regular army September 18, 1899, and assigned 
to the Thirty-ninth U. S. Volunteer Infantry, now serving in 
Manila. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 59 



CHAPTER V. 



BATTERY 0, UTAH U. S. VOLUNTEERS. 

RECRUITING AT FORT DOUGLAS— DRILLING WITHOUT EQUIP- 
MENTS—DEPARTURE FOR THE PRESIDIO — WITHDRAWAL 
FROM EXPEDITIONARY FORCES— SICKNESS FROM LACK OF 
CLOTHING--ORDERBD TO ANGEL ISLAND, CAL.— COMFORTA- 
BLE BARRACKS— EQUIPPED AS CAVALRY— POST AND GUARD 
DUTIES— MUSTER OUT— ROSTER—NOTES— ANGEL ISLAND. 



(By Captain Frank W. Jennings.) 

After the troops which had been raised under the Presi- 
dent's first call had been mustered into the service, and had 
been equipped as far as military stores of the State would ac- 
complish that end, at the rendezvous at Fort Douglas, there 
were a great number of Utah boys who were anxiously await- 
ing an opportunity to go to the front. The Governor, in his 
proclamation calling for troops, had intimated that there 
would be a subsequent call, and the boys who had been left 
over on the first call were anxiously waiting for another op- 
portunity to present itself for them to fight for the honor of 
their country and State. 

In due course of time, the call came. As the largest com- 
mand under the first call had been given to the artillery, so 
under the second call, another battery was added to the State's 
quota. Battery C was mustered into the service on the 14th of 
Julv, under the President's second call. 



60 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Complying with the President's proclamation, dated May 
25, 1898, Battery C, United States Volunteer Light Artillery 
was recruited, and on July 14, 1898, at Fort Douglas, Utah, the 
battery was mustered into the service of the United States by 
Lieutenant Littlebrant of the Seventh United States cavalry. 
The strength of the battery was 106 men : Captain, Frank Jen- 
nings of Salt Lake City, Utah; First Lieutenant, John D. Mur- 
phy of Ogden City, Utah; Second Lieutenant, W. J. B. Stacey 
of Manti, Utah. From date of muster until July 31, 1898, the 
battery remained at Fort Douglas, where the men and officers 
received such military instructions as could be given without 
arms or equipment. July 31, 1898, as per telegraphic instruc- 
tions from the Adjutant-General's office, dated July 28, 1898, 
the battery proceeded to the Presidio of San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia, arriving there August 2, 1898, and reported for duty. 

August 5, 1898, per special order No. 101, headquarters of 
the Department of California, the battery was withdrawn from 
the expeditionary forces and assigned for duty at the Presidio 
of San Francisco. On arrival at the Presidio, the battery re- 
ceived their tentage and cooking utensils. A few days after 
their clothing was issued, but in small quantities, so that it 
was fully six weeks before all the men received their full quota 
of clothing. This being the season for severe fogs and winds 
on the coast, the men suffered for want of proper clothing, 
and many of them contracted colds and were obliged to go to 
the hospital. 

Complying with paragraph 10, special order 156, headquar- 
ters Department of California, dated October 13, 1898, and 
special order 236, the Presidio of San Francisco, California, 
dated October 18, 1898, the battery was ordered to Angel 
Island, California, where they arrived on the afternoon of Oc- 
tober 19, 1898. Here the battery was placed in barracks and 
had very comfortable quarters. During their stay at the 
Presidio, the battery was engaged in foot drills, police work 
and extra duty work; the Government not having seen fit to 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 61 

equip them with their proper arms, but when the order was re- 
ceived for the battery to go to Angel Island, they were 
equipped as cavalry, receiving the old-time Springfield car- 
bine. At Angel Island, the battery being the only troops on 
the island, they had all the post duties to perform besides reg- 
ular drills and guard duties, and under these circumstances, 
the battery soon became very proficient in all their duties. 
They had settled down, as they supposed, for the winter, when 
the order came, about December 10th, for the battery to be 
mustered out of the service of the United States, which was 
accomplished on December 21, 1898, under the direction of 
Mustering Officer Captain Sedgwick Pratt, Third U. S. Artil- 
lery. 

Strength of battery at time of muster out, 3 officers, 93 
men, there having been 13 men discharged through favor and 
disability. FRANK W. JENNINGS, 

Captain Battery C, Utah, U. S. L. A. 



KOSTER OF BATTERY C, UTAH, U. S. VOLUNTEER 
LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain — Frank W. Jennings, Salt Lake. 
First Lieutenant — John D. Murphy, Ogden. 
Second Lieutenant — William J. B. Stacey, Manti. 
First Sergeant — Henry Barrett, Fort Douglas. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant — Cyrus L. Hawley, Salt Lake. 
Veterinary Sergeant — David Muir, Mendon. 

Sergeants — 
Albert C. Allen, Salt Lake. 
Christian Lund, Fountain Green. 
Edgar Stevenson, Ogden. 
Leo Leon, Salt Lake. 
Albert Hulbert, Salt Lake. 
Edgar J. Bonstell, Mercur. 



62 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Corporals — 
Herbert C. Gushing, Salt Lake. 
Beltel C. Rasmussen, Salt Lake. 
Joseph Z. Dye, Merciir. 
John B. Doyle, Mercur. 
Percy T. Fisher, Salt Lake. 
Elmer Green, Rock Springs, Wyo. 
Axel Ongman, Salt Lake. 
Patrick H. Ma Hoy, Butte, Mont. 
Alfred Voyce, Mercur. 
' Farriers — 

George W. Olsen, Fountain Green. 
James S. Manson, Monroe. 

Artificers — 
Rutherford G. Goldman, Ogden. 
Joseph Hansen, Salt Lake. 

Saddler — 
Samuel J. Caldwell, Brigham. 

Musicians — 
George A. White, Salt Lake. 
Louis Herbertson, Pleasant Grove. 

Wagoner — 
James Swenson, Salt Lake. 

Privates — 
John A hern, San Francisco. 
William H. Ash, Salt Lake. 
Thomas Aspden, Salt Lake. 
Edward W. Bachelor, Harrisville. 
Frederick C. Benzon, Salt Lake. 
Hyrum S. Buckley, West Jordan. 
James K. Butters, Gunnison. 
John H. Callahan, Lyman. 
Theodore Candland, Chester. 
Joseph S. Canning, Salt Lake. 
Charles Carlin, Chautauqua, N. Y. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. gg 



Benjamin F. Carter, Richfield. 
Wilford Cartwright, Beaver. 
James H. Cliisliolm, Frisco. 
Frederick Christensen, Brigham. 
Marshall Cole, Salt Lake. 
Fred H. Collins, Austin, Nev. 
William Crawford, Park City. 
Henry Crossman, Ogden. 
Edward Dalton, Annabella. 
Frank R. Daniels, Mercur. 
George W. Davis, Harrisville. 
Cornelius W. Fairbanks, Payson. 
Robert J. Findlay, Beaver. 
George W. Frazer, Tooele. 
Olof G. Fallquist, Bingham. 
Josh Gardner, Richfield. 
Robert Glendenning, Denver, Colo. 
Tony D. Goldman, Ogden. 
Kersey E. Gowin, Pleasant View. 
Eddie J. Gruber, Adrian, Mich, 
-loseph Hansen, Richfield. 
Orson P. Hansen, Salt Lake. 
Peter Hansen, Richfield. 
Heni'}^ L. Harris, Salt Lake, 
William D. Haymore, Payson. 
Angus Heiner, Morgan. 
Charles Heiner, Morgan. 
John S. Herbert, Salt Lake. 
Lucien C. Horr, Ogden. 
Christian Jensen, Gunnison. 
Joseph C. Loughran, Ogden. 
Carl Lundstrom, Salt Lake. 
M. H. McLeod, Frisco. 
Carl Madsen, Elsinore. 
Catonder T. Martin, Frisco. 



^4- UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

John Matthews, Beaver. 

Albert Miller, Eichfleld. 

Michael Morrissey, Ogden. 

John Naismith, Salt Lake. 

George E. Nay, Gunnison. 

Riley Patten, Payson. 

Aug. S. Peterson, Gunnison. 

Paules Peterson, Gunnison. 

Edmund Peters, Salt Lake. 

Ned Price, Salt Lake. 

Wesley Pulver, Payson. 

James Riley, Blair, Neb. 

James F. Robertson, Fountain Green. 

George Robinson, Beaver. 

Robert W. Rogers, Mercur. 

Milo Rogers, Salt Lake. 

Ray T. Savage, Salt Lake. 

Alexander Shaw, Beaver. 

William Shurtliff, Ogden. 

Henry M. Sinnott, Nashville, Tenn. 

Albert W. Smith, Beaver. 

Carlos E. Smith, Salt Lake. 

John L. Smith, Ogden. 

John B. Stevens, Ogden. 

Clifford Stewart, Central. 

Patrick R. Sullivan, Crystal Falls, Mich. 

Roy Tribe, Peterson. 

Henry E. Van Alstyn, Salt Lake. 

Edward N. Wadsworth, Morgan. 

August Weis, Ogden. 

Albert W^elch, Milford. 

George A. Wilson, Stockton. 

Louis Wolz, Salt Lake. 

Henry Young, Provo. 




CAPT. FRANK W. JENNINGS. 
[Photo by Johnson.] 



py-0y^0^ 




LIEUT. JOHN D. MURPHY. 



(Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g5 

NOTE BY CAPTAIN F. JENNINGS. 

Angel Island is situated in San Francisco Bay, about six 
miles from San Francisco. It covers an area of several square 
miles, and is utilized by the United States Government as an 
army post and quarantine station. 

Some portions of the island are covered with small timber 
and shrubs, with grass and beautiful ferns running all over 
the hills. One picturesque feature is a beautiful drive circling 
the entire island, giving an exquisite view at every turn. 

On the north side is situated the United States quarantine 
station, where all infected vessels entering San Francisco har- 
bor are taken and held there until given a clean bill of health. 
The army post faces the Golden Gate, with the barracks on 
one side of the broad street, and officers' quarters on the other. 
All the buildings have been erected several years ago, under 
the direct supervision of General Shafter. In these Battery 
was domiciled for the winter months. After the fogs and 
winds of the Presidio, the change was greatly appreciated, 
as here the men found large dormitories heated by stoves, with 
iron bedsteads and mattresses, pillows and sheets. 

The dining rooms were of ample space, with clean tables 
and sufficient crockery for all purposes. Large steel ranges 
were found in each kitchen, supplying hot water for washing 
and bathing purposes. 

Attached to these barracks were a library and writing 
room, containing several hundred volumes of standard litera- 
ture. 

Nature was very generous in beautifying these homes for 
Uncle Sam's soldiers, as all around the barracks and officers' 
quarters were great hedges of geraniums, calla lilies and huge 
palms. 

The Government steamer "General McDowell" made 
three trips each day to the island from San Francisco. 

F. J. 



66 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CAPTAIN FRANK W. JEN- 
NINGS. 

Captain Frank W. Jennings was born in Nevada, Febru- 
ary 25, 1857. He came to Salt Lake soon after his birtb, and 
attended school in this city until fifteen years of age. Next he 
went to San Francisco and attended the Lincoln grammar 
school of that city for a short time, after which he went to 
St. Augustine College, a military school in Benicia, California, 
where he remained about two years. 

At the age of nineteen, he went into the retail dry goods 
business with his father, and has been occupied in this city 
fcTer since. When Governor West appointed R. W. Young 
Brigadier-General of the State militia. Captain Jennings was 
appointed Assistant Adjutant-General, and served until Gen- 
eral Young retired. When the war broke out. Captain Jen- 
nings was a member of Troop A, Utah militia, and immedi- 
ately offered his services to Governor Wells. 

After the mustering out of Battery C, Captain Jennings 
went to Manila for the purpose of looking over the Govern- 
ment's new possessions and ascertaining what the prospects 
were for business and investments. During his stay on the 
island of Luzon, he witnessed several engagements between 
the United States troops and the insurgents. He returned to 
the United States at the same time as Batteries A and B. 

LIEUTENANT J. D. MURPHY. 

Lieutenant J. D. Murphy was born in Iowa, in the year 
1857. He finished his education at the Iowa Wesleyan Uni- 
versity, at Mount Pleasant, from which he graduated in 1882. 
He next studied law, and was duly admitted to the bar. Feel- 
ing that a wider and less congested field for the practice of 
his chosen profession was necessary, he decided to take Hor- 



* UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g7 

ace Greely's advice, and ''go West." In 1885 lie migrated to 
Nebraska, where he remained several years. In 1889 he moved 
to Ogden, in which city he has since remained, engaged in the 
practice of his profession. 

Under the second call of the President for volunteers, it 
was finally settled that another battery of light artillery, to 
bc: known as Battery C, should be enlisted and organized from 
the State of Utah. Promptly Mr. Murphy offered his services 
to his country's call, and was named as recruiting officer by 
Governor Heber M. Wells, in June, 1898. During the enlist- 
ment of the battery he received a commission as First Lien- 
tenant, on July 7, 1898. When the boys of Battery C were 
mustered into the service of the United States, Lieutenant 
Murphy took the prescribed oath, and assumed the duties and 
responsibilities pertaining to his rank. He accompanied his 
command to the Presidio, California, and to Angel Island, dis- 
charging all the duties of a soldier and officer in the most 
efficient manner. 

When Battery C was mustered out, on December 21, 1898, 
J. D. Murphy was mustered out with the rank of First Lieu- 
tenant, and again entered civil life, resuming the practice of 
law in Ogden, Utah. 



68 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER VI. 



u. s. volu:n"teer engineers. 

CREATED BY SPECIAL, ACT OF CONGRESS— FORMATION— TRIP TO 
SAN FRANCISCO— THE PRESIDIO— TRIP TO HONOLULU— CAMP 
M'KINLEY— SIGHTS AND SCENES— RETURN HOME— MUSTER OUT- 
ROSTER. 



(By Private Will A. Leatham.) 

The volunteer regimenis of engineers were created bj a 
special act of Congress, and consequently differ somewhat 
from the usual volunteer troops. In fact, the volunteer from 
each State might be considered as belonging to the individual 
State from which they were enlisted. The Volunteer En- 
gineers, on the other hand, were selected from the nation at 
large. The most familiar example I can cit'^ is company K of 
the Second Regiment of Volunteer Engineers, recruited in 
Salt Lake City, of which I was an active member. "Our" com- 
pany was recruited from four States, namely : Utah, Montana, 
Idaho and Nevada. Utah was given the honor of furnishing^ 
the largest number of recruits of any of the above-mentioned 
States, It would not be out of place to state that the Engineer 
Corps is organized from a class of men who all have some 
mechanical ability, and is classed, according to military regu- 
lations, as the highest branch of the military service. 

Our company was composed of 105 enlisted men and three 
commissioned oflQcers. Lieutenant Mills, late State Engineer 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g9 

of Idaho, was the recruiting officer, located at Fort Douglas, 
and was later appointed as our First Lieutenant. The enlisted 
men from Montana, Idaho and Nevada arrived at the fort, 
which was the appointed rendezvous for our company, on Fri- 
day, July 18, 1898. They were a fine body of men, both physi- 
cally and mentally, and were a credit to the several States from 
which they came. 

July 9th, at about 10:30 a. m.. Lieutenant Dashiell, then 
mustering in officer at Fort Douglas, had the call for assembly 
blown. We were lined up in company formation, and the 
Lieutenant, after a brief and kindly speech, read to us the for- 
mal oath which bound us to serve our country "faithfully and 
truthfully for two years, or until honorably mustered out.*' 
We now began to realize the responsibility we had taken upon 
ourselves. But there was not a single member in our company 
who was not willing and anxious to do his duty and uphold 
the honor and glory of our beloved flag. All who desired to 
take the advantage of the privilege were allowed ''passes" to 
town that evening, but were given orders to be at the post at 
7:30 a. m., as we were to break camp, and be ready to leave 
the reservation at 10:30 a. m. Without an exception, every 
man was at quarters on time. Everything was now a scene of 
excitement; but everybody was willing, and soon we had all 
our baggage in readiness for shipment. The luggage was load- 
ed on Government wagons and street cars, ready for our short 
run to the depot. On account of our not being State troops, 
the crowd at the depot was not so large, but what they lacked 
in numbers they more than made up in enthusiasm. We were 
given a royal "send off," and left the station at 12:30, noon. 

Our trip from Salt Lake to San Francisco was one con- 
tinual ovation. At every station, no matter how humble, we 
were greeted by the most patriotic crowd imaginable. 

Our arrival in Sacramento, Cal., requires special mention. 
We were met by ladies of the Red Cross society, who presented 
each of us with a beautiful bouquet of flowers, after which 



70 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



we were served with coffee and sandwiches. From Sacra- 
mento to Oakland our journey was uneventful. We arrived in 
Oakland at 12:30 p. m., Monday, July 11th, and spent that 
night in the cars. The bugle sounded at 5:30 next morning, 
and we awoke to find an excellent lunch prepared for us on 
the platform, after which we marched on board the ferry boat, 
and in a few minutes were safely landed at the docks in the 
famous city of San Francisco. After leaving the ferry boat we 
formed in columns of fours and commenced our march to the 
Presidio, the U. S. military reservation located at the entrance 
to the harbor of San Francisco. 

Our camping grounds were located about one-fourth of a 
mile from the beach, on a sloping hillside, which gave us a 
beautiful view of San Francisco and the surrounding country 
to the bay. For a background we had the reservation undu- 
lated in rolling hills covered with pine trees up to the bar- 
racks where Uncle Sam has his regular soldiers stationed. 
Here a sight greets the eye which shows without words the 
strict military discipline enforced. Nothing showy, but every- 
thing neat, clean and in shipshape. The artistic part of the 
grounds is covered with a profusion of flowers in full bloom. 

By the evening of July 12th we were all comfortably lo- 
cated in our tents, and on Wednesday, July 13th, commenced 
military life in earnest. 

Lieutenant Mills was still our ranking ofiicer, and had 
charge of our company. Adjoining us were the other three 
companies of engineers, company I, recruited in Denver, Colo.; 
company L, recruited in San Francisco, CaL; and company M, 
recruited in Portland, Or. The three above-mentioned com- 
panies, with our company K, comprised a battalion command- 
ed by Major William C. Langfitt of the regular army. We 
were now drilled five hours per day on five days in the week. 
It was a novel and interesting sight to witness the raw re- 
cruits executing the commands of our willing, though inex- 
perienced, officers. But everybody was willing and ambitious, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



71 



and we soon acquired a degree of proficiency in military tac- 
rics which drew forth many words of praise from the regulars. 
Our treatment in 'Frisco cannot be spoken of in too high words 
of praise. 

We were notified on August 2nd to prepare for our trip 
to Honolulu. From August 2nd to August 3rd, the day of 
our departure, everything was lively around camp. But 
promptly at bugle call, our tents dropped and we commenced 
our march to the docks through the center of the city; during 
which we received the same hearty applause which was 
tendered us about twenty-six daj^s previous on our arrival. 
After reaching the docks, we were greeted by an immense 
crowd of our fellow-countrymen. After our provisions were 
loaded on the boat and various details attended to, we 
marched on board and were ready for our 2100 mile trip to 
Honolulu and the ''garden islands" of the Pacific. 

The transport's name was the "Lakme" and was a mis- 
erable little tub capable of accommodating about two hun- 
dred people; while we were crowded on to the extent of 
about four hundred and eighty men. Our sleeping quarters 
w^^ere all below decks and the sleeping and eating acconimo- 
dations were extremely poor. Most of us, however, contrived 
to be on deck most of the time, and as we all had a little 
money and were favored with ideal weather, our passage 
proved a very pleasurable one. It was customary every even- 
ing to hold a vocal and instrumental entertainment ©n deck, 
which assisted materially to while the time away. We were 
eleven days on the water, arriving in Honolulu on the morn- 
ing of Wednesday, August 17, 1898. 

The sight was one never to be forgotten. The landing 
was crowded with a mixture of all nationalities. The natives, 
Kanakas, predominated. Then came Chinese, Japanese, Por- 
tugese, negroes and whites. 

Our eleven-day trip across the ocean was a decided novel- 
ty to most of the boys who had never had a like experience. 



72 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Our second day out we sighted several large whales desport- 
ing themselves in the water. Our fifth day out we encoun- 
tered a school of flying fish. They were extremely interest- 
ing to a novice. Several flew on deck and were picked up by 
the boys and preserved as souvenirs. 

Our food on board was of the very poorest class and was 
poorly cooked. If we wanted anything palatable, we had to 
buy it from the ship's steward, and then pay two prices for it. 

Our march from the docks on our arrival in Honolulu 
to our camping grounds lay along a well constructed road, 
lined on both sides with all kinds of tropical trees. Huge 
palmes reared their stately heads surrounded by groves of 
cocoanut and banana trees. The houses were set well back 
from the road and were surrounded with beautiful flower 
gardens in full bloom. A march of four miles brought us 
to our camping grounds, which were located at the base of 
Diamond Head, an extinct volcano. It was only a five min- 
utes walk to the beach, where the most delightful bathing 
could be enjoyed. Our camp we named ''Camp McKinley,'" 
in honor of our President. Tents were speedily put up and 
everything put in military shape; and we were again ready 
to commence army life. We were drilled about five hours 
a day; but it soon became evident to our oflScers that we 
could not stand the strain, on account of not yet being 
used to the climate. Our drilling hours were consequently 
cut down to about two hours per day. 

The climate of the island is an ideal one. Being in the 
direct path of the trade winds there is always a cool and 
refreshing breeze blowing. The temperature varies but a 
few degrees during the whole year. There are seven islands 
in the Hawaiian group, and we visited nearly all of them 
on practice marches. They have a line of boats plying be- 
tween the several islands. The natives (Kanakas) were a 
simple, kind-hearted, and confiding people, who have not 
forgotten, in their intercourse with civilized people, to adopt 







;j^ -J 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 7g 

their vices as well as their virtues. The raising of sugar 
cane and the manufacture of raw sugar is the principal in- 
dustry of the islands. There are some immense plantations 
in operation and are mostly controlled by American capital. 
All the labor is performed by Chinese, Japanese and some 
Portugese, brought over by contractors. They receive ver-y 
small pay, and are probably treated worse than were the 
slaves in America. 

Our time now was occupied in building permanent bar- 
racks which were located about one mile nearer Honolulu 
than where our tents were first pitched. They were wooden 
structures, four in number, one for each comfjany, and were 
one hundred and twenty feet by forty feet, partitioned off in 
six rooms for slee^jing, one for kitchen and one for dining 
room. We had to construct our own beds as best we could; 
but a few weeks before our departure we were given regular 
army cots. 

We were very hospitably treated by both the native and 
foreign population during our whole time on the islands. On 
Thanksgiving day the ladies of Honolulu gave us an elegant 
dinner. There was an abundance of everything good, and 
after eating army fare, was very much enjoyed and duly ap- 
preciated. Again on Christmas we had another royal feast. 
Our whole battalion enjoyed excellent health, and we had very 
few sick in the hospital. Company K, from Salt Lake, never 
lost a single man from sickness or any other cause. Inspector- 
General Fields of the regular army, in his report to the War 
Department, complimented us very highly on our physical and 
mental qualifications, and also on the cleanly state of our 
camp. When the news reached us of the signing of the peace 
treaty, we all began to chafe under military restraint, and 
were eager to resume the freedom of plain citizenship. Many 
were the rumors amongst the boys as to when we would be 
mustered out. At last the glad tidings were received that we 
would be relieved by four companies of the Sixth Artillery. 



74 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



This, the first authentic news, arrived the first part of 
April, 1899. Every one was now collecting souvenirs, and our 
sleeping quarters presented the appearance of a curiosity shop. 
Finally, on the 20th day of April, 1899, the word passed down 
the line that the ship carrying the Sixth Artillery had been 
sighted, rounding Diamond Head, She was safely docked. 
The troops landed and were marched directly to our camp, 
where they received a royal welcome. For several days pre- 
vious to this we had commenced to turn in our Government 
property, and had but little preparation to make for our home- 
ward journey. By the 22nd, the day set for our departure, we 
were all ready. Our baggage was loaded on Grovernment 
wagons and taken to the docks. We formed in columns of 
fours and commenced our march to the wharf. It was one 
continual ovation all the way, and we were literally covered 
with flowers. Our column was headed by the Hawaiian band, a 
most excellent organization. When we arrived at the wharf 
it was packed with the largest crowd in the history of Hono- 
lulu. We were soon safely on board. The anchor raised, and 
at 4 o'clock we bid adieu to our friends and the delightful 
islands where we had spent so many pleasant days. Our ship's 
name was the "Australia," and was a first-class passenger boat. 
We received much better treatment on our return trip. On 
our first day out we encountered strong head winds, and were 
troubled with extremely rough weather all the way over. 

We arrived in San Francisco on the night of April 29, 
1899. We dropped anchor in the stream close to Alcatraz 
island, the United States military prison, and staid on board 
that night. Next morning everything was ready to land. 
We were examined by the health commissioner, marched 
upon the docks, and then directly to our camp at the Presidio, 
the Government reservation. We had been expected, and 
our camp had been all prepared. We were quartered in tents, 
each tent being provided with a stove, which came in very 
handy, as we all felt the cold after coming from a warm 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 75 

climate. We now had practically no duties to perform and 
spent most of our time risiting friends in the city. All ne- 
cessary papers were prepared, and we were formally mus- 
tered out of service on the 16th day of May, 1899, having 
been in Uncle Sam's service something over ten months. 

UTAH ENLISTMENTS IN U. S, VOLUNTEER EN- 
GINEERS. 

Portion of Captain Robert P. Johnston's company, Second 
Regiment, U. S. Volunteer Engineers, commanded by Colonel 
Willard Young, enlisted in Utah by Lieutenant F. J. Mills. 

Sergeants — 
Anton Schneider, Salt Lake. 
AVilliam B. Dougall, Springville. 
William F. Flannigan, Salt Lake. 
James H. Howat, Salt Lake. 

Corporals — 
Edward C. Cooper, Salt Lake. 
Frederick Lyon, Salt Lake. , ; 

Fred J. Barnes, Salt Lake. 

Musician — 
Frank C. Fisher, Salt Lake. 

Privates — 
Alfa W. Beam, Salt Lake. 
Milton T. Benham, Ogden. 
John V. Buckle, Salt Lake. 
Jack H. Flynn,-Salt Lake. 
Frank Foster, Salt Lake. 
Daniel T. Gilmore, Salt Lake. 
James A. Graham, Salt Lake. 
Joseph E. Hall, Salt Lake. 
Charles Harris, Salt Lake. 

Otto H. Hassing, Salt Lake. ; 

Ralph C. Holsclan, Salt Lake. ; 

/ 



76 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Wm. A. Leatham, Salt Lake. 
John F. McCarty, Salt Lake. 
James E. McDonald, Salt Lake. 
I'rank C. Moyle, Salt Lake. 
Pattric O'Hagan, Salt Lake. 
Frank J. Silver, Salt Lake. 
Richard S. Wright, Salt Lake. 
Ray A. Young, Salt Lake. 
Donald Darrah, Salt Lake. 
William H. C. Drake, Salt Lake. 
Charles D. Gilbourne, Salt Lake, 
Willard W. Henderson, Salt Lake. 
Daniel F. Howells, Salt Lake. 
William M. Lewis, Salt Lake. 
James L. Morris, Salt Lake. 
Walter Y. Mosher, Oakley, Utah. 
William C. Seymour, Oakley. 
James O'Da}^, Salt Lake. 
John B. Powers, Salt Lake. 
William J. Watson, Salt Lake. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. - ^^ 



CHAPTER VII. 



HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 

DISCOVERT BY CAPTAIN COOK— GEOGRAPHY OF ISLANDS- 
NAMES, NUMBER AND EXTENT— SOIL, CLIMATE AND RE- 
SOURCES—IMPORTANCE OF POSITION IN THE PACIFIC— CHAR- 
ACTER AND CONDITIONS OF PRESENT POPULATION— AN- 
NEXATION, PAST, PRESENT AND PROBABLE FORM OF GOV- 
ERNMENT AS UNITED STATES TERRITORi'. 



The singular group of eight islands lying almost in mid- 
Pacific, now known as the Hawaiian islands, were discovered 
by that famous navigator Captain Cook on Sunday, January 
18, 1778, and were named by him Sandwich Islands after the 
Earl of Sandwich. This event, which happened during the 
Kevolutionary war, was destined to affect the future history 
of the new-born nation two centuries later in a way which 
no human foresight at that time could possibly anticipate. 
They have since been an issue in our politics, an important 
factor in our late war and will be the halfway house in our 
coming commerce with the vast Orient. 

They lie approximately between 19 degrees and 22^ 
degrees north latitude and between 1.5.5 degrees and 161|^ 
degrees east longitude. The area in acres is: Hawaii, 
2,000,000; Nani, 400,000; Oahu, 260,000; Kauai, 350,000; 
Molokai, 200,000; Lauai, 100,000; Nichan, 70,000; Kahloolawe, 
30,000. The island of Hawaii (pronounced Hah-vah-ee-ee), 
4,210 square miles, is greater in area than all the others com- 



-^g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

bined; Oahu, the third in size, contains the city of Honolulu,, 
and Molokai enjoys the unique distinction of possessing the 
leper colony, made famous by the splendid heroism of Father 
Da mien, who so nobly volunteered to exile himself, live among 
the lepers and administer to their religious necessities. 

The islands are of volcanic origin and boast the largest 
and most interesting volcanoes in the world. Kilauea, on the 
island of Hawaii, is the largest active volcano on earth. Its 
area is over four square miles, circumference, nearly eight; 
height at Volcano House 1050 feet. Sometimes when the red 
glare of Kilauea illuminates the sky and lights up the snow- 
clad peaks of Mauna Loa the pyrotechnic display is beyond 
the powers of human language to describe. But when it 
comes to first-class work in volcanic pyrotechnics Mauna Loa 
is the volcano. One of its performances began late in the 
afternoon April 2, 1868, and is thus described: 

''The crust of the earth rose and sank like the sea in a 
storm. Eocks were rent, mountains fell, buildings and their 
contents shattered, trees swayed like reeds, animals were 
scared and ran about demented; men thought the judgment 
had come. The earth opened in thousands of places, the road 
in Hilo cracked open, horses and their riders and people afoot 
were thrown violently to the ground; it seemed as if the 
rt.cky ribs of the mountains and the granite walls and pillars 
01 the earth were breaking up. At Kilauea the shocks were 
as frequent as the ticking of a watch. In Kau, south of Hilo, 
they counted 300 shocks on that direful day; and Mrs. L., 
who was in that district at the same time, says that the earth 
swayed to and fro, north and south, then east and west, then 
up and down in every imaginable direction, everything crash- 
ing about them, and the trees thrashing as if torn by a strong 
rushing wind. She and others sat on the ground bracing 
themselves with hands and feet to avoid being rolled over. 
They saw an avalanche of red earth, which they supposed to 
be lava, burst from the mountain side, throwing rocks high 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 79 

in the air, swallowing up houses, trees, men and animals, and 
traveling three miles in as many minutes, burying a hamlet 
with thirty-one inhabitants and 500 head of cattle. 

"Five days after the destructive earthquake of April 2nd 
the ground south of Hilo burst open with a crash and roar, 
which at once answered all questions concerning the volcano. 
The molten river, after traveling under ground for thirty 
miles, emerged through a fissure two miles in length with a 
tremendous force and volume. It was in a pleasant pastoral 
region supposed to be at rest forever, at the top of a grass- 
covered plateau sprinkled with native and foreign houses, and 
rich in herds of cattle. Four huge fountains boiled up with 
terrific fury, throwing crimson lava rocks w^eighing many 
tons to a height of from 500 to 10.00 feet. Mr. Whitney of 
Eonolulu, who was near the spot, says: 'From these great 
fountains to the sea flowed a great stream of red lava, rolling, 
rushing and tumbling, like a swollen river, bearing along in 
its current large rocks that made the lava foam as it dashed 
down the precipice and through the valley into the sea, surg- 
ing and roaring throughout its length like a cataract, with a 
power and fury perfectly indescribable. It was nothing else 
than a river of fire of from 200 to 800 feet wide and twenty 
feet deep varying from ten to twenty-five miles an hour.' 
This same intelligent observer noticed as a peculiarity of the 
spouting that the lava was ejected by a rotary motion, and 
in the air both lava and stones always rotated towards the 
south." 

At the time of this writing the old volcanic action has 
begun to assert its might once more and widespread atten- 
tion from the States is being directed toward it. There cer- 
tainly is nothing in Europe, Asia or Africa to compare with 
the awe-inspiring grandeur of these volcanoes, the exquisite 
softness and salubrity of the climate, the picturesque beauty 
of the scenery and the fascinating interests in the people 
and places of these ''enchanted islands." It is a mere ques- 



gQ UTAH VOIiUNTEERS. 

tion of time when a large portion of the hundreds of millions 
which American tourists spend in Europe looking at scenery 
tame to insignificance beside that of the Hawaiian islands, 
or enjoying the salubrity of the Eivera, enervating in com- 
parison with the perpetual spring of these "fortunate isles," 
will be diverted to these islands. All that Europe can offer 
in exchange for the vast wealth which our tourists annually 
j)0ur out like water upon that continent, except the treasures 
of classic antiquity, can be found in the Hawaiian islands 
and much more besides. The trip over the quiet Pacific is 
greatly superior to that across the treacherous Atlantic, and 
these "isles of the blest" will become the new world's sani- 
tarium and the old world's desideratum. 

For investment of capital the fertile soil offers extra- 
ordinary inducements to American capitalists; chief among 
which are coffee, sugar, banana, orange, pineapple and spice 
plantations, cattle raising and other kindred agricultural 
pursuits. Since annexation millions of dollars have been 
invested, and there are innumerable indications of a pros- 
perity almost as boundless as the vast ocean which laves the 
shores of these recent gems in Columbia's crown. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g]^ 



CHAPTER VIII. 
HAWAIIAN HISTORY. 

WRETCHED AND ABANDONED CHARACTER OP MORAL, LIFE— 
KAMEHAMEHA THE GREAT— THE KANAKAS A DYING RACE 
—CAUSE. 



Nothing will better illustrate the civilized and enlighten- 
ing effect of American institutions than the modern history 
of the Hawaiian islands. With everything to make life sweet 
and blessed, "the simple children of the sun," who dwelt in 
the "Paradise of the Pacific" were immoral, corrupt and de- 
graded, according to our civilized standard, beyond concep- 
tion. In the words of a competent witness: 

"It becomes an interesting duty to examine the social, 
political and religious condition. The first feature that calls 
attention to the past is their social condition, and a darker 
picture can hardly be presented to the contemplation of man. 
They had their frequent boxing matches on a public arena, 
and it was nothing uncommon to see thirty or forty left dead 
on the field of contest. 

"As gamblers they were inveterate. The game was in- 
dulged in by every person, from King of each island to the 
meanest of his subjects. The wager accompanied every scene 
of public amusement. They gambled away their property 
to the last vestige of all they possessed. They staked every 
article of food, their growing crops, the clothes they wore, 
their lands, wives, daughters, and even the very bones of 
their arms and legs — to be made into fish hooks after they 



g2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

were dead. These steps lead to the most absolute and crush- 
ing poverty. 

"They had their dances, which were of such a character 
as not to be conceived hj a civilized mind, and were accom- 
panied, by scenes which would have disgraced even Nero's 
revels. Nearly every night, with the gathering darkness, 
crowds would retire to some favorite spot, where, amid every 
species of sensual indulgence, they would revel until the 
morning twilight. At such times the chiefs would lay aside 
their authority, and mingle with the lowest courtesan in 
every degree of debauchery. 

"Thefts, robberies, murders, infanticide, licentiousness 
of the most debasing character, burying their infirm and 
aged parents alive, desertion of the sick, revolting cruelties 
to the unfortunate maniac, cannibalism and drunkenness, 
form a list of some of the traits in social life among the 
Hawaiians in past days. 

"Their drunkenness was intense. They could prepare a 
diink, deadly intoxicating in its nature, from a mountain 
plant, called the awa (Piper methysticum). A bowl of this 
disgusting liquid was always prepared and served out just as 
a party of chiefs were sitting down to their meals. It would 
sometimes send the victim into a slumber from which he 
never awoke. The confirmed awa drinker could be imme- 
diately recognized by his leprous appearance. 

"By far, the darkest feature in their social condition was 
seen in the family relation. Society, however, is only a word 
of mere accommodation, designed to express domestic rela- 
tions as they existed. 'Society' was indeed, such a sea of 
I)ollution as cannot be well described. Marriage was un- 
known, and all the sacred feelings which are suggested to 
our minds on mention of various social relations, such as 
husband and wife, parent and child, brother and sister, were 
to them, indeed, as though they had no existence. There 
was, indeed, in this respect, a dreary blank— a dark chasm 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. §3 

from which the soul instinctively recoils. There were, per- 
haps, some customs which imposed some little restraint upon 
the intercourse of the sexes, but those customs were easily 
dispensed with, and had nothing of the force of established 
rules. It was common for a husband to have many wives, 
and for a wife also to have many husbands. The nearest 
ties of consanguinity were but little regarded, and among 
the chiefs, especially, the connection of brother with sister, 
and parent with child, were very common. For husbands 
to interchange wives and for wives to interchange husbands, 
was a common act of friendship, and persons who would 
not do this were not considered on. good terms of sociability. 
For a man or woman to refuse a solicitation was considered 
an act of meanness; and this sentiment was so thoroughly 
wrought into their minds that they seemed not to rid them- 
selves of the feeling of meanness in a refusal, to feel not- 
withstanding their better knowledge, that to comply was 
generous, liberal and social, and to refuse reproachful and 
niggardly. It would be impossible to enumerate or specify 
the crimes which emanated from this state of affairs. Their 
political condition was the very genius of despotism syste- 
matically and deliberately conducted. The kings and chiefs 
were extremely jealous of their succession, and the more 
noble their blood, the more they were venerated by the com- 
mon people." 

Dark as is this picture, there is a bright side. The na- 
tives were children of nature, living in the water and open 
air, sunny-hearted and without thought, care or ambition. 
They would answer well for the ''children of the sun." Their 
chief pastime was — as it is today — gathering flamers to weave 
into wreaths and garlands with which to adorn their own 
persons, and disporting themselves in the waters of the ocean. 
Waikiki, near Honolulu, is the oldest, most patronized, most 
beautiful and delightful bathing b'each in the world. No 



§4 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

kinder, gentler or happier race ever lived on earth than the 
Kanakas. 

Till the time of Kamehameha, who conquered the other 
islands and consolidated their various tribes under one gov- 
ernment, the different islands were peopled by tribes en- 
tirely independent and more or less hostile. In 1791 by an act 
of treachery, he possessed himself of all of Hawaii, and pro- 
ceeded by force of arms to bring all of the other islands into 
subjection. This he finally accomplished; and so thorough 
was his work that his successors were able to retain the little 
empire he had won; until the atrocious dissoluteness and ty- 
ranny of Queen Liliuokalani lost the throne. 

The inhabitants had thrown away their idols voluntar- 
ily, prior to the arrival of the missionaries, who were most- 
ly representatives of the Protestant creeds of New England; 
which, to say the least, were the least adapted to the na- 
tures of the Kanakas of all the creeds of Christendom. But 
to the stern aggressiveness of the missionaries the soft and 
yielding temperaments of the islanders could offer but slight 
resistence; so that in a generation the natives were nomi- 
nally converted to Christianity, but at the fearful cost of 
extermination. From 400,000 in Capt. Cook's time they have 
dwindled to less than 40,000, and at the present rate of de- 
crease would disappear in another generation. 

Not that any physical means for their extermination 
have been resorted to; but the violent change of mental and 
moral environment created by the missionaries has acted, as 
all sudden changes act upon the reproductive organs of all an- 
imals. Life is correspondence between the organism and its 
environment: death the interruption of that correspondence. 
The gills of the fish correspond with the waters of the ocean. 
A wave throws the fish upon the beach. The correspondence 
between the organism and its environment is interrupted: 
death ensues. It takes enormous stretches of time to fit an 
organism perfectly to its environment. To introduce any 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. g5 

change suddenly into this environment is to cause an inter- 
ruption of the correspondence in whole or in part. To put 
a wild bird in a cage, or a deer in a pen, is such a sudden 
change in its environment as must cause a loss of corre- 
spondence with a part of its accustomed environment. This 
is partial death. Dr. Romanes, I believe, was the first to 
establish the law that the reproductive organs are the most 
sensitive, i. e., the most living; and, therefore, first to feel 
this partial death. The captive animals eat, sleep, grow and 
carry on all the functions of life, but one, and that the high- 
est; they do not breed. Death always begins at the top; tlie 
lower branches fall last. The highest and most subtle of 
life's correspondence ceases when the change in the environ- 
ment is sufficiently sudden and violent. The species rapidly 
disappears and becomes extinct. This is the simple story of 
the world as told by the footprints in the rocks of the ages. 

So it was with the red men of the United States; so, too, 
with the fated Kanakas. An alien civilization positive, per- 
sistent and aggressive introduces changes physical, mental 
and moral suddenly into their environment. There is vi- 
tality sufficient to keep up a part of the old correspondences. 
As it were, the soil has become poor, or alkaline, and the 
tree has barely life enough to keep its foliage green; it has 
none for producing fruit. Henceforth it '^*has a name to live 
but is dead." For mark you! the Kanakas are not dying 
out, but the birth rate is not sufficient, not because any ef- 
forts criminal or otherwise are made to reduce the birth 
rate, but simply not enough children are born to overcome 
the normal death rate. 

Shocking as it may seem, still it is a scientific fact, that 
the civilization of the Puritan has served to destroy a race 
of human beings. And the United States census takers in 
the Hawaiian islands will enumerate a dying race. 



86 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER IX. 



U. S. PACKERS. 

EX-SHERIFF HARVEY HARDY OF SALT LAKE CITY APPOINT- 
ED CHIEF PACKER— OLD PROSPECTORS GATHERING AT 
THE FORT— THROWING THE DIAMOND HITCH— DEPARTURE 
FOR JACKSONVILLE, FLA— PACKING IN CUBA— LIFE AT THE 
FRONT— TO THE FRONT IN SAN JUAN— ROSTER. 



When it became apparent that the United States forces 
would have to invade the island of Cuba, the means of trans- 
porting supplies and munitions of war presented difficulties 
of a character that had never before obtained in any of the 
conflicts through which this country had passed. The fact 
was brought home to the War department that that part of 
the service would have to be changed entirely, owing to the 
nature of the country in which operations would take place. 

Cuba is peculiarly without wagon roads, and a few trails 
that were hewn through the dense forest are of the poorest 
character possible : being rendered almost impassable through 
long neglect. The decision was reached at once that wheeled 
vehicles would be useless and that all supplies would have 
to be transported to the interior of the country on the backs 
of mules. When it became necessary that men should be 
procured who were able to get the best results from trans- 
portation by beasts of burden, men especially trained in that 
particular line were necessary. Packing is a fine art — one 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. §7 

that can only be attained by years of practice : Hence it was 
to the mountains of the West that the department turned 
for help out of the difficulty. The hardy prospectors of the 
West constituted a class of men who alone could furnish the 
Government with a corps of packers capable of meeting all 
the requirements of the campaign about to be conducted in 
Cuba. From boyhood they had been enured to hardship, fa- 
tigue and privations; intrepid, self-reliant and adventurous; 
accustomed to penetrate the wildest recesses of the moun- 
tains in search of the precious metals, they carried their all 
strapped upon the backs of their patient and foot-sure bur- 
ros. No small part of their calling was to acquire the art 
of packing every conceivable article of camp life, from a 
cooking stove to a bale of hay, securely upon the backs of 
their little burros or bronchos. So it was that when a new 
emergency arose, this marvelous country of ours could fur- 
nish a class of men already trained and qualified to meet it. 

A call was made for trained packers April 25, 1898, and 
recruits for this service began to be enrolled immediately at 
Fort Douglas. They were not enlisted like the volunteers 
but signed contracts to serve in the capacity of packers at |30 
a month. But they were carefully examined as to their qual- 
ifications; the principal, test being their ability to "throw 
the diamond hitch." This consists of tying the "cargo" on 
the animal's back after it has been already held there by any 
ordinary means, with a "hitch" rope in such a manner as 
to form a diamond within which the pack or "cargo" is se- 
curely fastened for the journey. Any man who was not an 
expert in "throwing the diamond hitch" could not pass mus- 
ter. About forty men qualified and were accepted in all. 
Mr. Harvey Hardy and twenty-four men left that night for St. 
Louis, where their organization was to be effected. 

A number were held at Jefferson barracks, St. Louis, and 
went later to Tampa, Fla.; nine got to Cuba and five saw 



Qg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

the battle of Santiago, viz. : C. R. Jolinson, J. H. Wood, Wat- 
son, J. Warren Lee and Dalton. 

A pack train was composed of fifty mules, thirteen sad- 
dle mules, one bell horse and thirteen men, to which after- 
ward was added a fourteenth man — a blacksmith. There 
were eight pack trains in Shaffer's army. The bell horse was 
usually a gray mare, which mules will always follow volun- 
tarily. When a pack is disarranged the keen-eyed packer 
dashes forward, seizes the mule, pulls him to one side and 
adjusts the difficulty. When released the pack mule will 
dash away in the direction of the bell, however heavily loaded, 
and never stops until he comes in sight of the gray mare. 
The weight of a pack was from 150 to 300 pounds, and in- 
cluded everything used by the army. 

From June 23rd to July 17th the fate of the American 
army depended upon the endurance of these men and their 
faithful mules. Their deeds of heroism surpass in simple 
grandeur the exploits of our most gallant soldiers. When a 
soldier charges an enemy in the open facing a fusilade of 
death, there are a number of things which conspire to in- 
cite and sustain him ; such as pride, fear of others' opinion, 
example, excitement and above all that passion which blinds 
to all sense of danger the lust to slay. In the hundreds of 
interviews the writer has held with the Utahns who were 
under fire, the one unvarying experience was that the first 
sight of their dead and wounded companions aroused this 
lust to slay in their breasts which banished every other 
thought or emotion. 

But to the lonely packer plodding in the midnight dark- 
ness or broad daylight pathwa3^s lined with Spanish sharp- 
shooters, there were absent all of those inspiriting and sus- 
taining circumstances which are present upon the field of 
battle. To the disgrace of the service be it said that there 
men, whose ammunition and provision trains it would be the 
enemy's special object to cut ofi', and whose jingling bell made 




COL. WILLARD YOUNG. 




KALIUWAA FALLS, HAWAII— WOMEN BATHING. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. §9 

concealment impossible, were not even provided with arms, 
and had to submit to being targets for the enemy's sharp- 
shooters without returning the compliment, until they ob- 
tained the rifles of the American soldiers killed in battle. 
For twenty-five days, in a strange new country, through 
chapparel infested with tarantulas, scorpions and noisome 
insects, in an atmosphere reeking with malarial pestilence, 
beneath the scorching sun and through tropical deluges, 
amid lurking sharpshooters, without sleep and often without 
food, day and night these heroic men carried the fate of the 
army in their hands of steel. When it is remembered that 
there were not half enough trains to meet the ordinary re- 
quirements of the army itself, that in addition to this the 
thousands of starving Cubans had to be fed and that every 
pound of food had to be lifted to the backs of the tall Mis- 
souri mules, securely fastened and unloaded, the Herculean 
task performed by these men become well nigh incredible. 

They were fifty-three hours, without a minute's sleep, at 
one time, seldom got more than three or four hours' rest, 
slept often in six inches of water and were on the move in- 
cessantly. They were exposed to the fire of the enemy on 
the field of battle in bringing ammunition to the firing line 
and to the sharpshooters along the trails. "During the bat- 
tle," said one, *'until after the surrender, we never knew 
when we were going to rest. We never got more than two 
hours' rest at any time, generally none at all. From June 
23rd to July 17th we hardly knew what rest was." 

Mr. Lee relates the following incident which fairly il- 
lustrates the dangers to which the United States Packers were 
exposed: 

"On July 2nd I thought for a minute my time had come. 
I was on the trail with ammunition at 12 o'clock at night. I 
was about seven miles from camp and was riding behind the 
train. All at once I heard a shot and felt the bullet go through 
my hat and thought best to dismount. It was good and dark. 



90 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



As I raised 1113^ right leg another bullet struck the saddle, just 
under my leg, and broke the mule's back. As I struck the 
ground I saw the man in front of me fall from his mule. For- 
tunately his mule stopped and I grabbed it. He was not very 
large and I managed to mount his mule with him in my arms. 
It was but the work of a second, and we made our escape 
through a shower of bullets. We being behind the train, they 
captured nothing but my dead mule and saddle." . 

There were three different squads of packers who went 
from Salt Lake, thirty-five with Harvey Hardy, fourteen with 
Stewart and seven with Brady. Of this last small number 
one, Sibley, died at San Luis, twenty-five miles north of San- 
tiago. Not one escaped scathless. Their country had asked 
the supreme devotion of killing themselves with overexertion 
and these men, obscure, unknown, without eclat and with- 
out acclaim, committed slow suicide for her dear sake. In 
the simple language of one of them: "When we heard of the 
surrender in the afternoon, the next morning, out of four- 
teen men, twelve were unable to get up or turn over." When 
the terrible strain was over they had collapsed. 

But deadlier than all else was the dread malaria, which 
found in the bodies of these mountaineers a pasture ground 
of rarest richness. Broken in body, impaired in health, un- 
noticed and undecorated, they have melted away into the 
dim obscurity from which they emerge to do the sublimest 
act possible to man — ^'to lay down one's life for his friends." 

It has been impossible to secure from the United States 
Government a complete list of the packers from Utah, but 
the following is a partial list: 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^l 

ROSTER. 

C. R. Johnson, Salt Lake City. 
Joseph W. Lee, Salt Lake City. 
Philip Rollins, Salt Lake City. 
William Mogreen, Salt Lake City, 
■ Seers, Salt Lake City. 

J. H. Woods, Bluff City, Utah. 
Al Rubee, Salt Lake City. 
A. A. Dalton, Salt Lake City, 
George Britton, Salt Lake City. 
Warren Braby, Salt Lake City. 

These with a negro, whose name is unknown, went to 
Cuba and served in Shatter's army: 

Harvey Hardy, Salt Lake City. 
Philip Raleigh, Salt Lake City. 
Daniel Raleigh, Salt Lake City. 
H. Bullard, Bingham. 
J. H. Watson, Bingham. 

D. S. Murdock, Salt Lake City. 



92 UTAH' VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER X. 



SAN JUAN. 

THE FEARFUL PHYSICAL DIFFICULTIES — DEPENDENCE UPON 
EIGHT PACK TRAINS— THE NECESSITY FOR RUSHING THE 
SOLDIERS FORWARD — FIRST ENGAGEMENT — STORMING OF 
SAN JUAN— THE GALLANT TWENTY-FOURTH— THEY REMEM- 
BER SOMETHING. 



SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 

The value of trained packers accustomed to surmount all 
kinds of difficulties and obstacles was soon apparent after the 
arrival of the army of invasion upon the ground. In his 
official report General Shatter says: "To approach Santiago 
from the east over the narrow road, at first in some places 
not better than a trail, running from Daiquiri through Sib- 
oney and Sevllla, and making attack from that quarter was 
in my judgment, the only feasible plan, and subsequent 
information and results confirmed my judgment. * '•' * 
The roads were mere bridle paths. * * * 

"The San Juan and Aquadores riders would often sud- 
denly rise so as to prevent the passage of wagons, and then 
the eight pack trains with the command had to be depended 
upon for the victualing of my army as well as the 20,000 
refugees, who could not in the interest of humanity be left 
to starve while we had rations. * * * 

"At that time, with the Cuban forces that I had, I was 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. Qg 

issuing daily 45,000 rations. Forty-five thousand people are 
a good many to feed when you have such fearful roads and 
food could only be carried on the backs of mules." 

The humble pack mule and the obscure packer from the 
"West, described by General Shaffer as "men from the frontier 
who had been accustomed for years to taking a little sack of 
cornmeal on their saddles and a blanket and going out to 
sleep out of doors for a week or a month at a time," had little 
chance to ''seek the bubble reputation e'en at the cannon's 
mouth" or win enduring fame by brilliant charges on breast- 
works and block houses, but steadily and unflinchingly they 
were enduring all that soldiers are called upon to face in 
labor, hardship, danger and duty. 

Besides the packers many a soldier from Utah who had 
enlisted in the regular army and other regiments were present 
at the series of engagements about Santiago de Cuba, which 
resulted in its surrender. This and the further fact that it 
was the command of General J. Ford Kent, including the 
famous Twenty-fourth, so long stationed at Fort Douglas, 
and the further consideration that so many of Utah's soldiers 
were destined for Cuba and did their full duty in all the 
preliminary movements incidental to the invasion of the 
Spanish West Indies, make the story of that brief but bril- 
liant campaign deeply interesting to the people of Utah. 

There are in existence a great number of descriptions of 
that campaign, more or less valuable, and it is not the pur- 
pose of the writer to do more than give a quiet and cursory 
account of some of the more striking features of the engage- 
ments. 

The work before the American army of invasion was 
Herculean in the extreme. More deadly and dreaded than 
the bullets and shrapnel of the Spanish regulars were the 
tropical terrors of climate and exposure; more formidable 
far were the jungle and yellow fever than the elaborate en- 
trenchments and fortifications of the enemv. In 1762 a Brit- 



94 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



ish army besieging Havana at the same season of the year 
had lost 17,000 men out of an army of 24,000. Whatever was 
to be done had to be done quickly; delay was more dangerous 
than rashness. This the military authorities well understood. 
In his Chicago address General Shafter said: "I know 
that my entire army would be sick if it stayed long enough; 
that it was simply a question of getting that town just as 
soon as possible. I knew the strength, the courage and the 
will of my men, or I thought I did, and the result shows that 
I was not mistaken. It was a question of starting the mo- 
ment we landed and not stopping until we reached the 
Spanish outposts, and therefore as soon as a division was 
put on shore it was started on the march. The impenetrable 
forests stretched everywhere and a way had to be hacked 
and hewn with ax and machete as miners drill a tunnel into 
the mountain side. Soon what there was of road became 
impassible to the heavy guns. It took fourteen mules to pull 
a cannon usually drawn by four, and they were stalled at that 
in mud to the axles. It is safe to say that no other army on 
earth, with the possible exception of some picked British 
troops, such as the Scotch Greys, would have attempted what 
followed. War — scientific war — would have required the 
slow and patient construction of roads, the tedious but sure 
process of complete circumvallation, erection of proper 
breastworks, fortifications, planting and masking of batteries, 
and in fact all the usual procedure preparatory to besieging 
a strongly fortified and adequately garrisoned city. That any 
commanding General would hurl infantry upon well-manned 
fortifications in these days of machine and rapid-fire guns 
and of Mausers and smokeless powder never occurred to any 
of the foreign military attaches attending General Shafter's 
campaign until the thing was done. The attempt filled them 
and the war correspondents with astonishment, military 
circles in Europe with dread and misgiving. Even the British 
correspondents were amazed at this new kind of war, in 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^5 

which every soldier, especially the volunteer, was a General. 
Here is how one of them, 0. E. Hand, of the London Daily 
Mail, describes the storming of the hill: "But the ammuni- 
tion wagons and the few ambulance wagons did not carry 
them all. For hobbling down the steep bank from the hospi- 
tal came bandaged men on foot. They sat down for awhile 
on the bank as far as they could get from the jumble of mules 
and wagons in the lane, and then setting their faces toward 
Siboney they commenced — to walk it. They were the men 
whose injuries were too slight for wagon room to be given 
them. There was not enough wagon accommodation for the 
men whose wounds rendered them helplessly prostrate. So 
let the men who had mere arm and shoulder wounds, simply 
flesh wounds, or only one injured leg or foot, walk it. Siboney 
was only eight miles away. 

"True, it was a fearfully bad road, but then the plain 
fact was that there was not enough wagons for all, and it 
was better for these men to be at the Paso hospital, and better 
that they should make room at the division hospital, even if 
they had to make the journey on foot. 

"There was one man on the road whose left foot was 
heavily bandaged and drawn up from the ground. He had 
provided himself with a sort of rough crutch made of the 
forked limb of a tree, which he had padded with a bundle of 
clothes. With the assistance of this and a short stick he was 
paddling briskly along when I overtook him. 

" 'Where did they get you, neighbor?' I asked him. 

" 'Oh, durn their shins,' he said in the cheerfulest way, 
turning to me with a smile, 'they got me twice — a splinter of 
a shell in the foot, and a bullet through the calf of the same 
leg when I was being carried back from the firing line.' 

" 'A sharpshooter?' 

" 'The fellow was up in a tree.' 

" 'And you're walking back to Siboney. Wasn't there 
room for you to ride?' I expected an angry outburst of in- 



96 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



dignation in reply to this question. But I was mistaken. In 
a plain, matter-of-fact way lie said: 

" 'When the afternoon came — I lost exact count of time 
— there was still a jumble of volleying over by Caney. But 
in front our men were away out of sight behind a ridge far 
ahead. Beyond there arose a long, steepish ascent crowned 
by the blockhouse upon which the artillery had opened fire 
in the morning. 

" 'Suddenly, as we looked through our glasses, we saw 
a little black ant go scrambling quickly up the hill, and an 
inch or two behind him a ragged line of other little ants, and 
then another line of ants at another part of the hill, and then 
another, until it seemed as if somebody had dug a stick into 
a great ant's nest down in the valley and all the ants were 
scrambling away up hill. Then the volley firing began ten 
times more furiously than before; from the right beyond the 
top of the ridge burst upon the ants a terrific fire of shells; 
from the blockhouse in front of them machine guns sounded 
their continuous rattle. But the ants swept up the hill. They 
seemed to us to thin out as they went forward. It was incred- 
ible but it was grand. The boys were storming the hill. The 
military authorities were most surprised. They were not 
surprised at these splendid athletic dare-devils of ours doing 
it. But that a military commander should have allowed a 
fortified and entrenched position to be assailed by an infantry 
charge up the side of a long exposed hill swept by a terrible 
artillery fire, frightened them, not so much by its audacity 
as by its terrible cost in human life. 

^' 'As they neared the top the different lines came nearer 
together. One moment they went a little more slowly; saw 
the ants come scrambling down that went on again faster 
than ever, and then all of us sitting there on the top of the 
battery cried with excitement. For the ants were scrambling 
all around the blockhouse on the ridge and in a moment or two 
we saw them inside it. But then our hearts swelled to our 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 97 

throats, for the fearful fire came from somewhere to the right 
of it and somewhere to the left of it. Then we saw the ants 
come scrambling down the hill again. They had taken a posi- 
tion which they had not the force to hold. But a moment 
or two and up they scrambled again, more of them, and more 
quickly than before, and up the other face of the hill to the 
left went other lines, and the ridge was taken, and the block- 
house was ours, and the trenches were full of dead Spaniards. 

"It was a grand achievement — for the soldiers who 
shared it — this storming of the hill leading up from the San 
Juan river to the ridge before the main fort. We could tell 
so much at 2560 yards. But we also knew that it had cost 
them dear. 

" 'Later on we knew only too well how heavy the cost 
was. As I was trying to make myself comfortable for the 
night in some meadow grass as wet with the dew as if there 
had been a thunderstorm, I saw a man I knew in the Six- 
teenth, who had come back from the front on some errand. 

"'How's the Sixteenth?' I ask'ed him. 
"'Good, what's left of it,' he said; 'there's fifteen men 
left out of my company — fifteen out of a hundred.' 

" 'We have fought a great battle, but we have not taken 
Santiago yet.' 

" 'But besides the wagons there came along from the 
front men borne on hand litters, some lying face downward, 
writhing at intervals in awful convulsions, others lying 
motionless on the flat of their backs with their hats placed 
over their faces for shade. And there also came men, dozens 
of them, afoot, painfully limping with one arm thrown over 
the shoulder of a comrade and the other arm helplessly dang- 
ling. 

" 'How much further to the hospital, neighbor?' they 
would despairingly ask. 

" 'Only a quarter of a mile or so, neighbor,' I would 
answer, and, with a smile of hope at the thought that after 

5 



Qg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

all tliey would be able to achieve the journey, they would 
hobble along. 

" 'Guess not. They wanted all the riding room for worse 
cases 'n mine. Thank God, my two wounds are both in the 
same leg, so I can walk quite good and spry. They told me 
I'd be better off down at the landin' yonder, so got these 
crutches and made a break.' 

"'And how are you getting along?',! asked. 

" 'Good and well,' he said as cheerfully as might be, 
'jaunt good and easy.' And with his one sound leg and his 
two sticks he went cheerfully paddling along. 

"It was just the same with other walking wounded men. 
And not merely cheerful. They were all absolutely uncon- 
scious that they were undergoing hardships or sufferings. 
They knew now that the war was no picnic, and they were not 
complaining at the absence of picnic fare. Some of them had 
lain out all night, with the dew falling on them where the 
bullets had dropped them, before their turn came with the 
overworked surgeons. 

"There were onh^ sixty doctors with the outfit, they ex- 
plained, and, naturally, they couldn't tend everybody at 
once. 

"That seemed to them quite sufficient explanation. It did 
not occur to them that there ought to have been more doc- 
tors, more ambulances. Some of them seemed to have a faint 
glimmering of a notion that there might perhaps have been 
fewer wounded; but then that was so obvious to everybody. 
The conditions subsequent to the battle they accepted as the 
conditions proper and natural to the circumstances. The 
cheerful fellow with the improvised crutches was so filled 
with thankfulness at the possession of his tree branch that it 
never occcurred to him that he had reason to complain of the 
absence of proper crutches. I happened by chance to know 
that packed away in the hold of one of the transports lying 
out in Siboney baj- there were cases full of crutches, and I wa» 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 99 

on the point of blurting out an indignant statement of the 
fact when I remembered that the knowledge would not make 
his walk easier. So I said nothing about it. 

"1 had to make the journey to Siboney myself. There 
was nothing more than a desultory firing going on at the 
front, and I had telegrams to try to get away. So I passed a 
good many of walking wounded and heard a good many 
groans from palm-awninged wagons. The men were, all the 
same, bravely and uncomplainingly plodding along through 
the mud. As they themselves put it, they were 'up against it, 
and that was all about it.' " 

The American army of invasion began to disembark June 
22nd. On the 24th the first engagement between American 
and Spanish soldiers took place. General Young's brigade, 
consisting of 964 officers and men, found over 1000 Spanish 
regulars entrenched on the road to the city about three miles 
from Siboney, and promptly drove them off the field with a 
loss to the Americans of one officer and fifteen men killed and 
six officers and forty-six men wounded to the Spanish nine 
killed and twenty-seven wounded. 

Eeferring to this little brush. General Shaffer said after- 
wards in a public speech: 

"The enemy was strongly intrenched, showing only their 
heads, while the American forces had to march exposing their 
whole bodies to the fire of the enem3^ 

"It is announced by military experts as an axiom that 
trained troops armed with the present breech-loading and 
rapid-fire arm cannot be successfully assailed by any troops 
who simply assault. Of course, you can make the regular 
(^approaches and dig up to them. The falling of that proposi- 
jtion was made very manifest that day, when the men com- 
posing the advance marched as deliberately over those 
breastworks as they (men in general) ever did when they 
fought with arms that you could only load about twice in a 
minute and of the range of only 200 or 300 yards. 



-[QQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

''This army was an army of marksmen. For fifteen years 
the greatest attention hadtbeen paid to marksmanship, and I 
suppose four-fifths of all the men in that army wore on their 
breasts the marksmanship badges. * * * in that battle, 
which lasted two hours, less than ten rounds of ammunition 
per man was fired by my men, and the losses, notwithstand- 
ing my men were exposed, their whole bodies, while the 
enemy were in the trenches, where only their heads could be 
seen, were about equal. 

"I saw the commander of that force a few days later in 
Santiago, and in talking about it, he said to me: 'Your men 
behaved very strange. We were much surprised. They were 
whipped, but they didn't seem to know it; they continued to 
advance and we had to go away.' He was quite right about 
it. They did have to go away. Then came the tedious land- 
ing of equipage, commisary stores and other munitions of 
war; and it was not until nearly two hours after the army 
landed that it was possible to place on shore three days' sup- 
plies in excess of those required for the daily consumption." 

After as complete reconnoitering as the character of the 
country permitted, the commanding General finally settled 
his plan of battle June 30th, and on July 1st the ball opened 
in earnest. The superiority of the Spanish army in the mat- 
ter of equipment was immediately apparent. The use of 
smokeless powder gave them a most conspicuous advantage, 
enabling them to conceal their positions from the Americans, 
while the dense smoke of the latter's black powder revealed 
their position as plainly as though they were in the open 
field. 

"After the brilliant and important victory gained at El 
Ganey, Lawton started his tired troops, who had been fight- 
ing all day and marching much of the night before, to con- 
nect with the right of the cavalry. 

"* * * The division took position on the right of the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J^QJ 

cavalry early next morning, Chaffee's brigade arriving first, 
about half-past 7, and the other brigades before noon." 

General Shafter says: "In this fierce encounter words 
fail to do justice to the gallant regimental commanders and 
their heroic men, for, while the Generals indicated the forma- 
tions and the points of attack, it was, after all, the intrepid 
bravery of the subordinate officers and men that planted our 
colors on the crest of San Juan hill and drove the enemy 
from his trenches and blockhouses, thus gaining a position 
which sealed the fate of Santiago." 

Again, "General Kent forced the head of his column 
alongside of the cavalry column as far as the narrow trail 
permitted, and thus hurried his arrival at the San Juan and 
the formation beyond that stream. A few hundred yards 
before reaching the San Juan, the road forks, a fact that 
was discovered by Lieutenant-Colonel Derby of my staff, who 
had approached well to the front in a war balloon. This in- 
formation he furnished to the troops, resulting in Sumner 
moving on the right hand road while Kent was enabled to 
utilize the road to' the left." 

General Kent says in his report: "Colonel McClernand 
pointed out to me a green hill in the distance which was to 
be my objective on my left. * * * j proceeded to join 
the head of my division, just coming under heavj^ fire. Ap- 
proaching the First brigade, I directed them to move along- 
side the cavalry (which was halted). We were already suf- 
fering losses caused by the balloon near by attracting fire and 
disclosing our position. 

"The enemy's infantry fire was steadily increasing in in- 
tensity, now came from all directions, not only from the front 
and the dense tropical thickets on our flanks, but from sharp- 
shooters thickly posted in trees in our rear and from shrapnel 
apparently aimed at the balloon. Lieutenant-Colonel Derby 
of General Shafter's staff met me about this time and in- 
formed me that a trail or narrow way had been discovered 



102 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

from the balloon a short distance back leading to the left to 
a ford lower down the stream. I hastened to the forks made 
by this road and soon after the SeyentT-first New York regi- 
ment of Hawkins's brigade came up I turned them into the 
by path indicated by Lieutenant-Colonel Derby, leading to the 
lower ford, sending word to General Hawkins of this move- 
ment. This would have speedily delivered them in their prop- 
er place on the left of their brigade, but under the galling fire 
of the enemy the leading battalion of this regiment was 
throw into confusion and recoiled in disorder on the troops 
in the rear. 

"I had received orders some time before to keep in rear 
of the cavalry division. Their advance was much delayed, 
resulting in frequent halts, presumably to drop their blanket 
rolls and due to the natural delay in fording a stream. These 
delays under such a hot fire grew exceedingly irksome, and 
I, therefore, pushed the head of my division as quickly as I 
could toward the river in column files of twos parallel in the 
narrow way by the cavalry. This quickened the forward 
movement and enabled me to get into position as speedily 
as possible for the attack. Owing to the congested condition 
of the road the progress of the narrow columns was, however, 
painfully slow. 

"The bloody figliting of my brave command cannot be 
adequately described in words. The following list of killed, 
wounded and missing tells the story of their valor: July 1st 
the loss was 12 ofiicers and 77 men killed; 32 ofiicers and 4G3 
men wouned, 58 men missing. Total, 642." 

The casualties of this command the next two days 
brought the total in three days up to 99 killed, 597 wounded 
and 622 missing. 

Amid the dense and tangled thicket through which each 
man had to tear his way for himself like some wild beast of 
the jungle, worn with labor and fatigue, loss of sleep and 
racked with the blank uncertainty of the position of the un- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J 03 

seen foe, the American troops moved toward Fort San Juan, 
sweeping through a most destructive zone of fire. 

General Kent's objective point was "a green hill far 
away, without a city's wall," where anew the awful and in- 
scrutable tragedy of vicarious atonement was to be enacted, 
with a wealth of self-sacrifice and a splendor of devotion, 
accompanied by a dramatic setting, unwitnessed since the 
tragedy upon Calvary. Within that old walled city lay a peo- 
ple bound down and oppressed, whose cries of anguish and 
whose importunate pleas for deliverance had assailed the bat- 
tlements of heaven through all the long weary years that 
the banner of blood and gold had waved above its ramparts. 
Upon that "green hill' it was waving now beneath the 
golden splendor of the tropical sun, bidding bloody defiance 
to the men who had come to die for other men. Among them 
was a regiment of black men, descendants of savages and 
of slaves redeemed, too, according to that awful law of vicari- 
ous atonement, by the blood of other men. These men were 
of the race least esteemed, their courage was more than 
doubted, their manhood gravely questioned. They had some- 
thing more to remember than the "Maine," they had Gettys- 
burg, Appomattox and April 25, 1864, to remember. They 
had all that their white brothers had to swell their hearts 
and steel their hands, but they had besides a grand occasion, 
higher granduer, a sublime opportunity. To them it had 
come at last to demonstrate the manhood of a whole mis- 
judged race, to repay the debt of gratitude by doing to and 
for others what had once been done to them. 

Terrible was the rain of death from every quarter, above 
their heads, on both flanks, in front and rear poured in the 
leaden hail and shrieking shell-fragments. What were men 
to do? No foe to face, no object at which to shoot, nothing 
to do but pant and perspire and tear their way through the 
thicket, while comrades were dropping here, there, every- 
where. Is it any wonder that the Seventy-first New York 



104 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



wavered? Could mortal flesh endure to face that hell? The 
battalion in advance has recoiled; it falls back in confusion; 
the others come up "in better order." But can they stand 
such punishment? Now they lie prostrate. The moment is 
critical; it is momentous. The merest accident may cause a 
panic and disaster most direful ensue. ^, 

The Twenty-fourth is coming up behind. General Kent 
orders them forward. He has been their own Colonel. Ah, 
God! will they fail — these his own — they are only negroes? 
There is a tone of confidence in his voice, as he hurls the 
devoted regiment against the very center of that death-deal- 
ing inferno. Steady and resistless the wave that rolls upon 
the Cuban shore, that dark line sweeps on and up, over the 
prostrate forms of their white comrades, into the mailstrom 
of that metal tempest, past the other struggling troops, un- 
seen, unseeing, on and up, the shadow of the cross upon their 
souls, the light of devotion in their eyes, on and on and on! 

They are dropping here, there, everywhere as fall the 
leaves of autumn. There were 100 in this company; only a 
handful still press forward. Will there be any to hold that 
"green hill," if the Twenty-fourth's colors reach its crest? 

Thank God! It is there — what is left of them. They 
are not alone. The Sixth, Ninth, Thirteenth and Sixteenth 
are streaming up. "And the red field was won." 

For the first time in the history of man, men had "taken 
the sword" to free an alien race, had dared to die for other 
men; had "compassed sea and land" not "to make a prose- 
lyte" but to "make many free." It was more than the ro- 
mance of battle, more than the poetry of warfare, that con- 
spicuous amid that host of human liberators and avengers 
should be the children of the American slave the descendants 
of the African cannibals. It may be that the spirit of Jesus 
has reall}^ found a wee niche in the heart of humanity, it 
may be that the manhood engendered by the free institu- 
tions of the great Republic; it may be that evolution has 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



105 



produced a nobler breed. Be it what it may, I repeat that 
since the first Good Friday's sunset upon the bloody cross of 
Calvary, no grander or sublimer scene has ever been wit- 
nessed by this weary world than the black and white soldiers 
of the North, lying upon the bloody field of San Juan with 
upturned faces and stilled hearts beneath the Stars and 
Stripes. 



JQg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XI. 



THE SCATTERED VOLUNTEERS WHO ENLISTED IN THE REG- 
ULAR ARMY—HIGH HOPES AND ASPIRATIONS— CAMP LIFE- 
PARTING SCENES— THE INNER LIFE OF A SOLDIER— THE 
TRIP— THE MARKED DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN OFFICER 
AND PRIVATE— THE SOLDIER SICK— THE HOSPITAL— A VOL- 
UNTEER'S DEATH— ROSTER. 



(By Private A. B. Edler.) 

In our pride and admiration for the brave volunteers, 
who left home mid the pomp and splendor of a god-speed by 
an enthusiastic public, let us not forget those modest but 
not unknown heroes who quietly and unobtrusively sealed 
their fate and fortunes with the flag of their country in th<^ 
regular army. 

When President McKinley issued the first call for vol- 
unteers, Utah's quota was made so small, and filled so quick- 
ly, that scarcely one-third of those desiring to join the State 
organizations under Utah's banner could be accommodated; 
and, consequently, a large number, rather than miss the op- 
portunity entirely, were compelled to seek enrollment in the 
regular army. 

Shortly after the first call for volunteers had been made 
an act was passed by Congress increasing the regular army 
to 60,000 men, being an addition of nearly 35,000. At the same 
time the number of volunteers enlisting in the regular army 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. JQ7 

inay be roughly estimated at 200, coming from all parts of 
the State, but mainly from Salt Lake City. They represented 
all sorts of classes and conditions, rich and poor, professiorial 
and tradesman, including law3^ers, doctors. State Senators, 
clerks and last but not least, the rough and hardy farmer 
lads who, as of old, dropped the plough for saber and gun. 

Of the Utah boys thus enlisting with the regulars were 
enrolled almost wholly in the following commands: Six- 
teenth and Fourteenth United States infantry, Third United 
States artillery and the Fourth United States cavalry. The 
reason for this being that these particular regiments, espe- 
cially the Sixteenth infantry, were slated for the Philippine 
islands, whither all the Western boys were anxious to go, be- 
cause of the reported wealth of those islands and on account 
of the foreign lands and people to be seen, and, also, for 
what they imagined, would be a splendid ocean trip with a 
possible opportunity of encircling the world. How completely 
those inspiring dreams of wealth and pleasure were shattered 
will be show^n as we proceed. 

Everj" morning at 9 o'clock the yard surrounding the med- 
ical examiner's ofQce at Fort Douglas was filled with a heter- 
ogenous crowd of men waiting anxiously for a turn before 
the doctor, who carefully and strictly examined each man 
as to his physical qualifications for becoming a soldier. 

Why this rush and scramble to become a common soldier, 
and that, too, in the regular army? Were motives of patriot- 
ism alone impelling men to leaA^e friends, home, wives and 
children, for hardship, disease and probable death in the 
army? No. They had other objects as well. Some were 
poor, ragged and out of work, and sought the army as a 
refuge from worry and distress. Some wanted to "see the 
world," as they expressed it, believing the war would soon 
end, and that they would be sent back by way of the Suez 
canal to New York, thence home, thus completing a trij) 
around the world. Some expected to make fortunes in the 



108 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Philippines by mining or other business, while others hoped 
for office and power when the new lands should be conquered. 
Little time was given them to dream, however, after enlist- 
ing; they were soon marched away to their several commands 
and subjected to stern discipline and hard drill. 

The regular army is no place for sentiment or complaint. 
It is a vast machine, with unlimited endurance, moving with 
merciless regularity. It is affected by neither applause nor 
censure, but moves at command. 

While the grand achievements of the volunteers are her- 
alded from ocean to ocean and their praises sung in every 
town and hamlet within the borders of the Union, no one 
ever hears mention of the regulars, except now and then in 
a casual way. You read about the magnificent fights of the 
Kansans, Coloradoans, Utahns, etc., ad infinitum, but do you 
ever see any mention made about the grand charges of the 
Fourth United States cavalry, when they ride over rice ridges 
and trenches, scattering the ''niggers" like chaff before the 
wind? You are told of the great battles of the Utah batteries, 
but you see no mention of the fact that they were scarcely 
ever without an escort from the Fourth United States cav- 
alry. What about the Third artillery, the Sixteenth and 
Fourteenth United States infantries? They fought as much 
as other organizations on the islands, but you seldom if ever 
hear. them mentioned. Some part of these regiments fought 
in everj' battle, from the commencement of the war up to 
the present time. "Freedom," published in Manila, of Novem- 
ber 29, 1898, says of the regulars : 

"They are as brave and fine a lot of men as ever buckled 
sword. or shouldered rifle in the cause of mercy and equal 
rights. Thousands of them when the call came marched 
bravely away from as happy homes, from as tender and lov- 
inging wives, daughters, sweethearts and children as it is 
possible for any one to have. Old Glory and the country was 
as dear to their hearts as to the hearts of anyone else, and 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J09 

when the time came to endure hardships, to stand face to 
face witli death in a thousand forms, the regulars were right 
there: They neA^er faltered nor looked back, but throughout 
the whole campaign, whether at Santiago or Manila, Hawaii 
or America, the}' acted their parts grandlj^ and nobly and 
the person who would not respond when their health and 
prosperity is toasted is unfit to be called American. 

Of the Utah boys in the regulars about seventy-five were 
assigned to the Fourth United States cavalry; probably sev- 
enty-five to the Fourteenth infantrj' and thirty or forty di- 
vided between the Third artillery and the other regiments. 

Although very green at first, they soon became efficient 
and well drilled soldiers, and have been a credit to Utah as 
well as the organizations to which they belonged. 

It was on a bright sunny morning in June that I, with 
about thirty' other recruits, stood at the railroad station read}^ 
to embark for San Francisco. They were all humbly bidding- 
good-bye to relatives or friends, who had assembled to see 
them off. I stood apart with my wife and mother, my baby 
clingly closely around my neck. Other little groups stood 
near where there was no cheering and where now and then 
could be heard the sob of a woman crying and voices that 
whispered but could not comfort. My old mother cried aloud 
as I handed her my baby, while my wife held tightly to my 
arm, her eyes glistened suspiciously and she winked them 
very often. Yet try as she would, she could not control her- 
self; too keep silence holding her lips tight sealed was a 
device that helped her for awhile; but when the final com- 
mand came and the men were entering the cars all around us, 
the sobs fairly shook the words out of her in broken syllables, 
despite her every care: "I cannot let you go!" "Anj^thing 
but that!" "War or no war, come back, see the baby!" 

A ray of sunshine fell athwart the upturned face of the 
child so tiny, so sweet, all pink and pearl, like a shell at sun- 
rise. A flood of remorse filled my soul. My heart throbbed 



IIQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

wildly. What would I not have given at that moment to be 
a citizen once more? Before I could speak some one pulled 
me on the platform of the slowly moving train. I stood there 
and watched them through a mist of tears until the train 
moved around the curve and they were lost to sight. It was 
now I realized the full extent of my rashness. I had taken 
the war fever and enlisted in haste, but could now repent at 
leisure. My wife and baby and dear old mother were left 
to suffer my loss, while I went to learn a dear lesson in the 
service of my country. I would see them no more for many 
a day — perhaps never. 

At Camp Merritt we were assigned to tents without 
straw or blankets and told to make the best of it for the 
night. In the morning I awoke stiff and shivering from cold 
and was unable to move until I had been thoroughly rubbed 
by a conirade. Breakfast consisted of a slice of bacon, one 
potato with jacket on, a cup of coffee without sugar or milk, 
and a small piece of bread. I devoured this eagerly, for I 
had eaten nothing since noon the day before. After break- 
fast myself and a number of recruits assigned to the Fourth 
United States cavalry marched over to the Presidio, where 
we joined our troop. From that day I began to realize what 
it meant to be a soldier and subject to the discipline of the 
regular army. Orders must be obeyed whether understood 
or not. Infractions of military rules were quickly and severe- 
ly punished, although we had been given no opportunity to 
learn what those rules were, and for many days we were 
compelled to stumble about in our ignorance, until several 
eourt-martials had occurred, when it finally dawned upon the 
officers that it might be a good plan to let us know just what 
the military rules were before inflicting punishment for in- 
nocent infractions. A Sergeant was detailed to read to u» 
the articles of war, and after this we proceeded more smooth- 
ly, though at times our ignorance and awkwardness afforded 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. m 

many laughable incidents for the old soldiers, especially when 
on guard duty. 

Drilling commenced immediately, but it was over two 
weeks after our arrival before we were furnished with cloth- 
ing or equipments. Many were without shoes and were com- 
pelled to drill barefooted over rocks and briars. Six hours a 
day were occupied in drilling, three on foot and three on 
horse. The mounted drill was the hardest and severest, es- 
pecially for those who had done little riding prior to enlist- 
ing. We were put in what is called the ''bull ring" and com- 
pelled to ride bareback, with arms folded and in all sorts of 
positions. Many limbs were sprained and broken before the 
recruits became adept equestrians. It was not long before we 
could all ride like circus performers, however, making the 
mounted drill less tiresome and dangerous. Our life at Pre- 
sidio was one round of sameness. At reveille we rose and 
answered to the rollcall, then groomed the horses for a half 
hour, after which we ate breakfast. Next we did "police 
duty,'' which was to clean up all the rubbish about the camp. 
Foot drill commenced about 8:30 in the morning and lasted 
three hours. Another half hours' grooming in the evening, 
supper, rollcall and then we were free until taps, whicii 
sounded at 9 p. m. The little time given us off duty was oc- 
cupied in furnishing equipments which were required to be 
spotless for Saturday's inspection. Thus we drilled and 
worked and worked and drilled, longing all the time for or- 
ders to proceed to Manila. We had enlisted to fight and 
were tired of lying in camp, miles away from the scene of 
action. It began to look as though we would not have an 
opportunity to fight the Spaniards after all, or even "see the 
world," as many desired. I became almost desperate under 
the suspense. I wanted to fight — kill or get killed and get 
through with the business. I could not bear to think of en- 
during all the loss of time, the trouble and separation from 
my family without having done something or having obtained 



112 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



even a glimpse of the foe. I was beginning to despair, when 
after six weeks' waiting we received orders to paclv and get 
ready to embark for Manila. At last we would have an op- 
portunity to "see the world" and meet the Spaniards as well. 
On the morning of July 16th the '^general" sounded and our 
tents fell with its drying sound. In five minutes we were on 
the march to the boats. Whistles blew, bands played and 
our flags to the breeze and our eyes to the west, where the sun 
cannon saluted as we steamed through the Golden Gate with 
our flags to the breeze and our eyes to the west, where the sun 
was setting, covering sea and sky with red and golden hues. 
How shall I describe the horrors of that transport? 
Dante's picture of hell sinks into insigniflcance when com- 
pared with our life on board the "City of Peru." The remem- 
brance of it haunts me like a nightmare. Often now I awake 
suddenly with the cold sweat running down my back caused 
by my having dreamed that I was once more a prisoner in 
that floating dungeon. We had nearly 1200 men on board, 
including about seventy-five officers. We had also on board 
General E. S. Otis. Of course the officers were of a superior 
caste. Their blood was of a purer quality than that of the 
common soldier, and they must feed on the choicest food, 
drink the most delicious wine and have an abundance of room 
and air, lest they sink to the level of a poor plebian soldier. 
Therefore, that it might please these gods, and General Otis, 
the best half of the ship was reserved for seventy-flve officers, 
while the other half, consisting of the vessel's hold and a sliui 
part of the deck was given to over one thousand soldiers. The 
large dining-hall with a seating capacity of several hundred, 
the spacious parlors, staterooms and the aft part of the deck 
must be turned over to seventy-five officers, while the thou- 
sand soldiers were packed on top of each other like sardines 
down in the dark, dirty, airless hole of the vessel among a 
stinking Chinese crew and a lot of filthy negros. Down in 
this vermin-swarming nest we cooked, ate, slept and had our 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ' H^ 

being. The swill barrels in our back yards contain better and 
more appetizing food than we received on board the ''Peru." 
I often saw the officers laughing derisively at our misery, 
which we had to bear without comment. One night I caught 
some of the negro cooks washing their underclothes in the 
coffee pots, and that "settled my hash" until I reached Hono- 
lulu. A small portion of the sky deck near the smokestacks — 
of course being out of easy reach and very warm — was 
allowed to the soldiers. What a scramble occurred every 
night for sleeping space on this little deck can more easily 
be imagined than described. Being on the sick list for several 
days, I took advantage of my release from duty to remain on 
this little portion of the deck all day, thus being certain of a 
sleeping place for night. Here was at least pure air and a 
starry sky above, although the rain at times gave us a good 
soaking. 

Hawaii is the smile of the Pacific. On shore the band 
played delightful airs as we steamed into dock and the natives 
shouted "Alaoha me." 

General Otis had orders to remain in Honolulu ten days, 
but did not see fit to give us our liberty for more than six 
hours every other day and compelled us to remain and sleep 
on the transport, when camping ground had been tendered 
us by the authorities. Of course. General Otis did not like 
this, although it would have been conducive to the health of 
the soldiers and given us more liberty. General Otis wanted 
to impress us with the fact that we were slaves and that our 
welfare was of minor consideration, but that our masters, the 
officers, should be wined and dined as only their blue, aristo- 
cratic blood required. The people of Honolulu, learning of 
our condition and treatment, protested vigorously, but Gen- 
eral Otis smiled and answered them that they did not under- ^' 
stand the nature of a regular soldier. The Red Cross ladies 
of Honolulu, however — all honor to them — prepared us a 
magnificent feast and entertained us royally. They kept 



U4 " UTAH VOI^ITNTEERS. 

open house every day and dispensed tea, coffee, bread, jams 
and fruits. The Hawaiians are as kind and hospitable a 
people as it has been my lot to meet. The natives greeted us 
with smiles and hearty handshakes, endeavoring their best 
to make our stay as pleasant and enjoyable as possible. A 
great many ladies came down to the boat and assisted us to 
wash our clothes, while others paid for our washing at the 
laundries. 

I had contracted malaria at San Francisco, which devel- 
oped rather seriously at Honolulu, where I was taken sud- 
denly ill at a country house, missed the "Peru", was attached 
to the South Dakota regiment and placed on board in the 
hospital, where I remained until the' end of the journey, 
having dieted on quinine and beans, principally quinine, dur- 
ing the whole voyage. Upon landing I was transferred to the 
hospital at Cavite, where I lay among a crowd of wounded 
and fever-stricken boys for several days. You cannot im- 
agine how heartrending it is to be sick, dying or in a far-away 
land, among strangers, with no woman's sympathetic voice 
to sooth or cheer, no woman's soft and tender hand to smooth 
the fevered brow; nothing but the cold, mechanical hand of 
the doctor or the regular steward. It is then that the heart 
goes out for the dear old mother in the far-away home, who 
is all unconscious of the danger to her absent boy. Hundreds 
of the boys — they are only boys — actually die of this longing 
for mother and home, or for the lack of womanly sympathy. 
As the "bravest are the tenderest," so is the soldier a child 
in sickness. If he cannot have home, then he must have 
sympathy. In the list of deaths we see "nostalgia," the other 
name for homesickness. Nostalgia sounds better when 
attached to the name of a soldier who has died than would 
"homesickness," so they say. 

The young man occupying the cot next to me was known 
as Mike Kelly. He was supposed to be a good-for-nothing 
tramp, who had enlisted because it was better than "bum- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 115 

ming," as he expressed it, and was generally passed by with- 
out much attention. He could not write, and whenever he 
wanted a letter written he would ask me, for I sympathized 
with him when the others jeered. He was dying now. He 
knew it, for the doctor had told him so. I sat down by his 
cot, took his fevered hand and spoke to him kindly. He 
turned toward me with misty eyes and said: 

"Pard, you were always a decent sort of a chap, anyway. 
I ain't long for this world, I know ; but it's kinder hard to go 
feelin' that every un is agin ye. I ain't led the right kind of a 
life, I know. I've 'bummed' all over the country in every sort 
of a way. It seemed as though the world didn't want me, and 
wouldn't let me get on my feet; so when the war broke out 
I thought I'd have a chance to redeem myself and plant my 
colors on higher ground. It wasn't no use though; I'm going 
now. But mebe I can muster in with a better regiment on the 
other side, where they ain't so strict about inspection; hey, 
pard?" 

"Undoubtedly you will," I replied, with emphasis. "Do 
you want hie to write to any one for you?" I asked, noting 
the sudden sinking after the effort he had just made. 

"Wait," he replied, and putting his hand under the pil- 
low, he drew out a dirty piece of paper with a lady's address 
on it written in a small feminine hand. Then in a faint voice 
and in good grammar, which the softened thought restored to 
his fading memory, he said: "If you ever get back again, to 
to this lady for me, and tell her all about it. She was kind 
to me in 'Frisco and used to bring me flowers and fruits. She 
did not notice my shortcomings, neither. Tell her — Tell her — 
Tell her — " he faltered. "Tell her I loved — " One more 
breath — a gasp — a sigh, and it was the last bugle call for a 
brave, rough soldier who had lost in the battle of life. 

Did he finish the sentence, I wonder, and is his sentiment 
perished forever? 



12g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

ROSTER OF UTAHNS WHO SERVED IN THE REGULAR 

ARMY. 

Simon M. Simpson, Fred Schwin, John L. Lamoreaut, 
Frank M. Cook. These men were forwarded from this post 
to Fort McPherson, Ga., to be assigned to a regiment there. 

George Bult, Fourteenth Infantry. 

James H. Ball, Third Artillery. 

Daniel Grundoig, Fourth Cavalry. 

Horace H. Smith, Fourth Cavalry. 

Henry 0. Granger, Fourteenth Infantry. 

James D. Dillon, Fourth Cavalry. 

William D. Hyde, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Thomas B. Sleater, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Lee O. Cahoon, Fourth Cavalry. 

Ambrey Nowell, Fourth Cavalry. 

David C. Evans, Third Artillery. 

August B. Edler, Fourth Cavalry. " 

Joseph W. Bouton, Fourth Cavalry. • ^ 

George H. Rands, Fourth Cavalry. 

Roy Morris, Fourth Cavalry. 

Rue M. Smith, Fourth Cavalry. 

Joseph Springhall, Fourth Cavalry. 

William E. Thomas, Fourth Cavalry. 

Heber C. Sorensen, Fourth Cavalry. 

William E. Tufts, Fourth Cavalry. 

Carl W. Blum, Fourth Cavalry, 

Leroy Grundhand, Fourth Cavalry. 

James Thorsen, Fourth Cavalry. 

Albert W. Hartvigsen, Fourth Cavalry. 

John Olsen, Jr., Fourteenth Infantry. 

Edward Robinson, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Leo N. Foster, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Charles M. Evans, Fourteenth Infantry. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 1^7 

Parker B. Pratt, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Alexander Donaldson, Fourth Infantry. 

John F. Chambers, Sixth Cavalry. 

Leroy Dee, Sixth Cavalry. 

Eobert McCune, Fourteenth Infantry. 

Eugene M. Thomas, Fourteenth Infantry. ' 

Joseph S. Robinson, Sixteenth Infantry. 

Christian L. Shettler, Hospital Corps, U. S. A. 

Edgar Erwin Rich, Seventh Infantry. 

Harry N. Austin, Third Cavalry. 

Clifton W. McLatchie, Fourth Cavalry. 

Daniel F. Allerdiee, mounted service. 

Walter H. Shea, Fourth Cavalry. 

Luther G. Girdy, Eighteenth Infantry. 

James H. Payne, Thirty-fourth Infantry. 

Edward McAnny, Thirty-fourth Infantry. 

Hiram S. Buckley, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

John L. Smith, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

Peter F. Betts, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

Fred E. Racker, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

William C. Herron, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

Ozer R. Briggs, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

Alma Betts, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Melvin G. Hanner, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Harry Van Alstim, Eleventh Cavalry. 

John Tremayne, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Fred Johnson, Eleventh Cavalry. 

James H. Collins, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Walter Prudence, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Patrick Malia, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Alfred H. Brown, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Albert P. Deshazo, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Albert Nelson, Eleventh Cavalry. 

Leon May hue. Eleventh Cavalry. 

Ernest J. Young, Eleventh Cavalry. 



118 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Robert D. Cummings, Eleventh Cavalry. 
E. Thomas Browning, Eleventh Cavalry. 
John H. Tripp, United States Volunteer Infantry. 

Note. — The foregoing roster was furnished by the Adju- 
tant at Fort Douglas. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. H^ 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE REGULAR ARMY. 

ITS PLACE AND VALUE TO THE NATION— ITS VALUE TO 
THE VOLUNTEER FUNCTION TO PROVIDE COMPETENT 
OFFICERS AND FORM A NUCLEUS FOR THE VOLUN- 
TEER ARMY— THE TIME IT TAKES TO MAKE A VOLUN- 
TEER ARMY EFFICIENT. 



(By Gen. W. H. Penrose, Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-Gen- 
eral, U. S. A., retired; late Brigadier U. S. Volunteers.) 

The defense of a nation lies in its army and navy, and 
the strength of each must be commensurate with the require- 
ments. 

In all foreign countries every man capable of bearing 
arms is enrolled, and, in some capacity, must serve when re- 
quired; while in our country the volunteer has been depended 
upon to meet the emergencies of war. The question submit- 
ted is, is this sufficient for the safety of the country? Be- 
fore answering this question it may be well to briefly consider 
the conditon of the volunteers at the breaking out of hostili- 
ties in our Civil war and the late Spanish- American war. 

The armies were composed of men from all walks of life, 
both officers and men, without knowledge or experience, full 
of patriotism, willing and anxious to perform every duty 
imposed upon them; but notwithstanding all this, we must 



]^20 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

admit that it was an incongruous mass without that cohesion 
and unity absolutely necessary to the welfare and success of 
an army. 

In both of these wars it has been shown beyond a shadow 
of doubt that at any time all the men needed to mobilize a 
large army can be depended upon, and the only question for 
consideration is, how long will it taken to make these men 
efficient? How long a time must elapse before they are pre- 
pared to take the field and cope with a well disciplined and 
thoroughly organized body of men? This will depend largely, 
first, upon the knowledge, temperament, ability and efficiency 
of the officers, and second, the willingness and promptness 
with which each man will surrender his individuality. The 
officer must be possessed of discernment, be a good judge of 
human nature, possessing the faculty of instilling into the 
men the necessity of this self-abnegation, causing the en- 
listed man to surrender his individuality, opinions, judgment 
and discretion as willinglj'^ as he volunteered to enroll. The 
first requisite of the volunteer is this — surrender of his indi- 
viduality, his opinions, and to become subordinate to the com- 
mands of the officers placed over him. 

The individual man is but one atom of the mass that 
makes up the company, which is the unit of organization ; and 
if the units have each surrendered their individuality, it is 
then in condition to be welded into one homogenous mass 
of strength, endurance, vitality and effectiveness. What 
applies to the compan3^ the unit — applies with equal force to 
the regiment, brigade, corps and army, and from such great 
results may reasonably be expected. 

The American citizen is a law-abiding man; he is quick 
to discern right and wrong, sensitive as to his rights, firm 
and determined in maintaining them. He has abiding faith 
in the Constitution of his country, reveres and loves it, and is 
ever ready to offer his services in its defense; hence our 
country has not felt it necessary to maintain a large standing 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^21 

arm}', and it is a misnomer to call the few men allowed in the 
regular establishment an army. But while it is inimical to 
our form of government to enroll a large body of men, and 
obnoxious to the citizens generally, every sober-minded, 
thoughtful and unbiased man must admit that, for the best 
interests and welfare of the Nation a regular establishment 
proportionate to the population ought to be maintained to 
the end that at the first onslaught they may be ready for 
immediate mobilization and effective for defense, or to take 
the initiative and become the nucleus around which the great 
volunteer army can assemble, and from whose ranks men 
educated in the art of war, disciplined and with experience, 
can be drawn to bring the heterogeneous mass into a united, 
vitalized, effective whole intelligentlj^ and with well directed 
efforts and lead them to battle. 

I have had the honor of commanding large bodies of our 
volunteers in our Civil war, and can say, that when they had 
had experience, become disciplined and had surrendered their 
individuality, they had no superiors in the world, and what 
they could not accomplish under given conditions no other 
army could. The disciplined American army can never be 
whipped as long as there is a man to pull a trigger. It may 
be repulsed, it may be driven from its ground, apparently in 
confusion, but in one short hour — and I have seen it repeat- 
edl}'— the lilies have been formed on new ground, and, with 
unbroken front, as ready to fight as when the engagement 
first commenced. The volunteer fights for principle, fights 
intelligently, and, with short experience, is obedient and ever 
ready to attempt to carry out the orders of his commanders. 
The relation that the regular army bears toward the citi- 
zen soldier, if it is anything, is to supply the latter with 
officers competent to command regiments, brigades, divisions, 
corps and armies. For this purpose was West Point created, 
tor this purpose is it maintained. I do not mean for one 
moment to say that this is the only source from which such 



122 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

ID en can be obtained, for the Civil war produced many men 
who proved themselves most able commanders; but our mili- 
tary school is especially for the training of its members in 
the art of war, and little credit indeed would it be to that 
institution if its graduates were not more competent for com- 
mand than any man, however accomplished, from civil life. 
The art of war cannot be learned in a brief period of time. 

Without argument I have set forth, very briefly, what I 
consider the essentials necessary to transform our citizens 
into soldiers, and the conclusions arrived at are: that the 
standing army of our country should be sufQciently large to 
meet any emergency that may arise, and to furnish to our 
grand volunteer army such officers — selected — and would in 
the shortest space of time convert it into a homogenous mass, 
a strong, self-reliant, determined body, capable of being man- 
eouvered to the best advantage, subordinate to the orders of 
the one man, the General commanding. Our volunteers thus 
organized would be invincible. 

As to the time that it will take to make efficient soldiers 
of our citizens will depend largely, then, upon: 

First, how the companies and regiments are officered; 
and second, the promptness with which the men surrender 
their individuality. I have seen regiments that have been in 
the service but three months that on the battlefield could not 
be distinguished from the veterans alongside of whom they 
were fighting; but these were exceptional. 

From my experience, extending over a period of thirty- 
eight years, I think we can safely say that six months will be 
the minimum time, especially if actively engaged, and twelve 
months the maximum. 

In one year after the volunteer army is organized the 
regular army will sink into second place as an organization; 
but it will have performed its great duty; its officers will be 
scattered throughout the great army; its ranks will be de- 
pleted and not easily filled; but its services individually and 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 123 

collectively will not be forgotten. Let the officers, then, of 
the regular army, with fidelity and great earnestness, recog- 
nizing the responsible part they have to play, perform their 
whole duty to our volunteer brothers-inarms in such a way 
as will gain their respect, confidence and esteem. 



J24 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



THE COLORED SOLDIERS. 

FOUND BATTLING IN EVERY AMERICAN WAR— HIS PART, 
THE ROMANCE OP NORTH AMERICAN HISTORY— HIS GRAND 
GALLANTRY ON THE BLOODY BALAKLAVA OF CUBA— 
HIS SUBLIMER HEROISM IN THE HOSPITAL AT SIBONEY. 



(By General J. Ford Kent, U. S. A.) 

From time immemorial it has been the custom among 
men for one race to call in question the valor of another. The 
more marked the difference between the two the more pro- 
nounced has been the doubt. In no other instance has this 
been so universally done as in the doubt of the valor of the 
colored soldier by his white brother, military and civilian, 
and this despite the fact that men of the negro race have 
fought in every war in which the United States has been 
engaged. In our great Civil War about 179,000 negroes en- 
listed in the Federal armies, of whom 36,847 were killed, 
wounded or missing. At Bull Run, at Honey Hill, on that 
bloody day of Nashville, on New Market Heights, they dis- 
tinguished themselves as men and soldiers. 

In his ''Negro Troops in the Rebellion" George Williams 
says: "The part enacted by the negro soldier in the War of 
the Rebellion is the romance of North American history. It 
was midnight and noonday throughout a space between; 
from the Egyptian darkness of bondage to the lurid glare of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^25 

ciTil war; from clanking chains to clashing arms; from pas- 
sive submission and the cruel curse of slavery to the brilliant 
aggressiveness of a free soldier; from a chattel to a person; 
from the shame of degradation to the glory of military exalta- 
tion, and from deep obscurity to fame and martial immor- 
tality.'' 

Indeed, the story of the Twenty-fourth would be a fascin- 
ating romance. However, a brief account of the gallantry of 
the most famous regiment of African blood since Hannibal 
slaughtered 70,000 Romans at the Battle of Lake Trasamene 
has been previously given in these pages. Suffice it to say 
that when on that scorching day the Twenty-fourth charged 
past and over the faltering Seventy-first New York, it not only 
vindicated the magnificent manhood of the negro race but 
put to everlasting shame that of the senseless bugbear of 
social prejudice that everywhere stares his race in the face. 

But nobler and grander than their gallant prowess on 
that Cuban Balaklava was their matchless heroism in volun- 
teering to nurse the victims of yellow fever in the hospital at 
Siboney. The following extract is from a letter to the editor 
under date of July 15, 1899, written by General J. Ford Kent, 
who led the Twenty-fourth that day up San Juan Hill: 

"In reply to yours of the 7th, please believe that I feel 
honored by your request for a notice in behalf of the colored 
soldier, and will be glad indeed to have him mentioned in 
such good company as your Utah Volunteers, who have made 
such a glorious record in the Philippines. You can say for 
me, please, that in my forty odd years of experience in the 
army 1 have never encountered better, more willing or cheer- 
ful and well-behaved soldiers than I found in the colored regi- 
ment, the Twent3-fourth Infantry, which I led out of Salt 
Lake City on their way to Cuba. I found them easily led 
and obedient. They were men that worked up to their white 
leaders and thej proved themselves brave indeed under fire, 
doing their full share of work, co-equal with the white regi- 



226 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

ments. To illustrate their nobility of character, I would cite 
one instance of pre-eminent moral courage that deserves to 
be recorded upon your memorial monument. When the 
Spanish army surrendered at Santiago, I was directed as 
Division Commander to detail the Twenty-fourth infantry 
for duty at the yellow fever camp, established at Siboney. 
It was with a sad heart that I issued the order and saw them 
depart from the trenches, to make a forced march at nighl 
for their diestination, where the dread disease prevailed. 
After their arrival nurses were required, and voluntary as- 
sistants were asked to do the most repulsive and dangerous 
M'ork required. Without hesitation some seventy odd of 
the men stepped to the front and offered their services; and 
again, when many of thesee succumbed to the disease, others 
volunteered; and gloriously they did their duty. This was 
the colored soldier, and some of his self-sacrificing work. A 
greater evidence I cannot give." 

Again, in another letter: 

"Some three years ago it was my pleasure to introduce 
into Utah the colored soldiers of the Twenty-fourth infantry, 
and the regiment will ever recollect the glorious manifesta- 
tion of patriotism displayed by the citizens of Salt Lake City 
and vicinity, upon our departure from Fort Douglas — a little 
more than one year ago — to take our part in the war with 
Spain. So, too, till the last of us goes to answer his last 
reveille, will the regiment remember with pride, the loving 
demonstration made by Salt Lake City's citizens on the re- 
turn of the regiment at the end of the war. The colored 
soldier well deserved the honor that was extended to him, 
after his faithful service under fire, in defense of the flag, 
when the loss in killed and wounded in the regiment was 
exceeded by only two other regiments in the army before 
Santiago, Cuba. He proved to the world his worth as a 
soldier, and he was the admiration of the army by the moral 
courage displayed in the yellow fever camp at Siboney — 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^27 

after the Spanish surrender, when some 150 of them, in an- 
swer to a call, volunteered, without a murmur, to assist the 
nurses in the hospital, and this after they were told of the 
danger of infection and it was explained that it would cost 
the lives of many — as it did. 

"In my forty years of service under the flag I have never 
done duty with better, more cheery or willing soldiers than 
those of the Twenty-fourth infantry, and I have had oppor- 
tunity to know most of the regiments serving on our frontier. 
My service with the regiment extended over about three 
years, and it did not take many weeks to convince me that 
I was fortunate indeed in my command. The regiment had 
never served in civilization till it was assembled — for the 
first time in its existence — at Fort Douglas, Utah, where 
it was my good fortune to unite them. There they proved 
to the citizens of Salt Lake City that they were self-sacrific- 
ing, honorable men, and that, despite temptations, they were 
trustworthy and sober, and desirable as neighbors. If they 
won distinction under fire, they deserve to be canonized for 
the noble, self-sacrifice made at Siboney. Today the Twenty- 
fourth infantry, in the Philippines, is continuing the work so 
nobly begun by their white brothers, the volunteers of Utah — 
but just returned to their homes after their glorious campaign. 

"Long life to Utah's brave soldiery, and long may the 
bond exist between Utah's sons and her late fellow-residents, 
the Twenty-fourth infantry." 



12S UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE RED CROSS SOCIETY. 

SUMMARY OF WORK IN SAUT LAKE CITY, WITH TREASURER'S 
REPORT BY MRS. ANNA W. CANNON, SECRETARY— OGDEN SO- 
CIETY BY MRS. FRANCIS C. SMITH. 



The ladies of the Red Cross society may be called the 
angels of the war. Repeatedly in this work, the enthusiastic 
appreciation of their good deeds is expressed by the soldiers. 
The following is a condensation, of the report of their mag- 
niiicent work, published October 22, 1899: 

As soon as the volunteers began to assemble at Fort 
Douglas the ladies of Salt Lake commenced a movement to 
supply those innumerable wants and comforts, which were 
distressingly conspicuous. ''A big entertainment for the 
soldier's benefit," was quickly arranged and over $700 realized 
from it, which sum was promptly divided among the boys. 
Fruit and vegetables were daily taken to their camp and 
distributed. 

About twenty of the most prominent women of Salt Lake 
issued a call to form a branch of the Red Cross society, and 
over 100 attended the first meeting. A temporary organiza- 
tion was efl'ected and a work room in charge of Mrs. Marion 
Brooks, was opened in the Progress building. At this time 
were made 376 bandages and 71 comfort bags, containing 
buttons, white and black thread, pins, safety pins, needles, 
fine comb, knife, fork, spoon, etc. 




MRS. J. WASH YOUNG. 



tPhoto by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^29 

A permanent organization was next effected, with Mrs. 
Julia Groo as chairman of the working committee. The Ked 
Cross society began its work on the 31st day of May, 1898. 
It has made 116 flannel bandages. The Payson society sent 
in July, twenty bandages as well as a great number of com- 
fort bags. 

We furnished thirty women with comfort bags, giving 
one to each man who enlisted in Utah. Battery C was 
supplied with 26 blankets, 30 dozen pairs of socks and 21 
pairs of shoes. To Miss Barton we sent one dozen pairs of 
pajamas, towels, sheets, pillowcases, bandages and comfort 
bags, and the same to the San Francisco society. 

Under the supervision of Mrs. W. J. Farrell numerous 
lunches were served to the soldiers passing through as well 
as our own recruits. The wants of the inner man were well 
looked after and many remarks, such as "God bless the Red 
Cross," "How good you women are," etc. were made. In 
all about 3000 soldiers passing through the city were served 
with fine lunches. 

The winding up scene of this most beneficient work was 
the elegant reception at Fort Douglas on the occasion of the 
return to our city of the gallant Twenty-fourth. Under Mrs. 
Dewey Richards's management numerous entertainments for 
raising funds have been given. Xotable were the barbecue 
at Calder's, and the Saltair excursion. While many ladies, 
some of them not members of the society, have given social 
teas, and lawn fetes at their homes. Our very able treasurer, 
Mrs. Julia Rawlins, reports a total of receipts and disburse- 
ments as follows: From May 28th to June 16, 1898, re- 
ceived 11.58.13. Balance on hand $38.53. From June 16th 
to July 12, 1898, receipts $505.31. Disbursements $291.94. 
Balance |213.37. From July 12th to September 10th receipts 
$494.16. Disbursements $338.19. Balance $155.97. 

This is the treasurer's report up to September 10th. 
But since that time there has been numerous charities to 



2 go UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

the sick families of volunteer soldiers, which has greatly 
reduced the treasury. The correspondence of the association 
has been conducted by Mrs. Anna W. Cannon. 

In all, about 100 letters have been received and answered. 
The work of the recording secretary devolved upon Mrs. Anna 
W. Young, to whose papers we constantly refer to for dates 
and events connected with the work. Indefatigable has 
been the work of the president, Mrs. Priscilla J. Riter, who 
has given so liberally of her time, means and labor. In the 
work room at entertainments, at the stations where the 
soldiers passed, everywhere her influence has been felt, and 
equally so has been the work of the two vice-presidents, Mrs. 
Rachel Siegel and Mrs. Anna Adams, always ready, always 
willing. The work of the executive committee, particularly 
during the past summer has been at times arduous, but none 
the less willingly performed. 

On the day of the public reception of the returning bat- 
terymen in Salt Lake City, August 19, 1899, the magnificent 
collation spread for the boys in Liberty park was beyond all 
praise and gave to that brilliant occasion a charm and lovli- 
ness which spoke volumes for the taste, energy and devotion 
of the patriotic ladies of the Red Cross and their collaborators. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 101 



REPORT OF THE OGDEN RED CROSS SOCIETY. 

The Red Cross society of Ogden was organized June 2, 
1898. Tlie object of the organization is similar to the Na- 
tional Red Cross. The work that has been pushed by this 
organization during the past year has been to collect and 
accumulate money and material to afford relief to those suf- 
fering through our late war. 

A few ladies of Ogden feeling the urgency of the need 
of such a work called a meeting, and out of that gathering 
the "Red Cross" of our city came into existence, with Mrs. 
William Driver, president; Mrs. Tyree, vice-president; Mrs. 
Jennie Nelson, secretary; Mrs. James G. Paine, treasurer. 
No change of officers has been made since the society was 
organized, with the exception of secretary. Mrs. Frances C. 
Smith was elected to fill the place of recording secretary 
made vacant by the resignation of Mrs. Nelson, and Mrs. 
Gourley elected corresponding secretary. 

The ladies of the organization have been very efficient 
and faithful in the Red Cross work, and have been fortunate 
in having not only the sympathy of friends, but have had 
financial aid and received generous gifts of money from the 
city treasury, and from nearly every fraternal organization in 
the city. And this money through the society has been ex- 
pended judiciously and given relief to scores of Utah soldiers 
who went to the front, as well as aiding their families at home 
and all needy soldiers who have called for help to reach their 
home in the far east. As long as there exists a need for 
work of this character, the Red Cross of Ogden will be found 
at its post doing duty. 

When the batteries returned from the Philippines, the 
society had a splendid breakfast spread for them under the 
trees at Lester park; which was heartily partaken of and 
praised warmly by the soldier boys. 



PART II. 



THE STORY 



OF 



The Utah Battalion 

UNITED STATES 

LIGHT ARTILLERY. 



UTAH'S MAGNIFICAT. 
(Upon the Eeturn of Batteries A and B, U. S. V.) 

My soul doth magnify the Lord; 

My heart ascends to highest heaven. 
Look all the world; list to my word, 

See these, the sons whom I had given. 

The youngest sovereign born on earth; 

The Evening Star of western power; 
Lowly, unfamed, of questioned worth; 

Trembling, I took my place of power 

Amid that constellation bright. 

Then came the call. With streaming eyes. 
I gave my sons to suffer, fight 

And perish under foreign skies. 

From out the gloom of tropic night, 
The Utah guns belched flames of death, 

The morning's message of the fight 
Blew on the world with cyclone breath. 

From field to field, from fame to fame, 
The Evening Star rose high and high'r; 

Till all the world applauds the name; 
And Utah is a world's desire. 

My sister States, from near and far, 
At last, are proud to own my name; 

And glorify the Evening Star 
Of nineteenth century acclaim. 

Then welcome to my straining breast. 
With tightening clasp I press each one, 

The sacred blood, the achievements blest, 
The heroes, glory — all my own! 



I hereby certify that I have carefully reviewed the manu- 
script of the History of the Utah Volunteers relating to the 
campaign of the Spanish and Tagalo wars, in which the Utah 
batteries were engaged, and I And that it is a full, complete 
and accurate account of the same. 

GEORGE W. GIBBS, 
First Lieut., Utah Light Artillery, U. S. V. 
Recorder Military Reviewing Committee. 




MAJOR RICHARD W. YOUNG. 
IPhoto by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



137 



CHAPTER I. 



THE CALL TO ABMS. 



The famous Twenty-fourth regulars had marched to the 
station through dense throngs of enthusiastic and patriotic 
citizens, cheering and hurrahing. The schools had closed 
for the occasion and the presence of excited and noisily 
demonstrative children added both to the picturesqueness 
and spirit of the occasion. The abandon of the ovation to 
the colored soldiers demonstrated the depth and intensity 
of the patriotic emotion which had electrified the people of 
Utah, along with the whole nation. In the exuberance of 
this patriotic ebulition, ladies of the highest social standing 
and dignity, maids and matrons, went through the cars and 
shook the hands of the humble black soldiers, bidding them 
a fervent godspeed because they wore the uniform of the 
nation and were bound for the front, where the glorious old 
flag was once again to float defiance to a foreign foe. 

The President of the nation had issued his call for 125,000 
volunteers and the quota of 500 to be furnished from Utah 
had been made known to Gov. Heber M. Wells. The war 
governor of Utah acted with characteristic promptness and 
vigor. That night, April 25th, in the director's room of the 
State Bank of Utah, with the assistance of Secretary of State 
J. T. Hammond and Adjt.-Gen. John Q. Cannon, prepared a 
call to the sons of the youngest State in the Union. The 
next morning the Governor's call appeared in the newspapers. 



138 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Gov, Wells's call briefly recited the fact that the Pres- 
ident had asked for volunteers, and stated that 500 men were 
wanted from Utah. Willard Young. John Q. Cannon, Ray 
C. Naylor, Joseph E. Caine, F. A. Grant, George F. Downey 
and George W. Gibbs were named as mustering officers, and 
assigned to different cities and towns throughout the State. 
There was no lack of available material from the State. 
Wherever a recruiting office was opened volunteers were 
found. 

Promptly on April 28, 1898, the Deseret News published 
a letter written to the Governor by the First Presidency of 
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from which 
the following quotation is taken: 

"We trust that the citizens of Utah who are Latter-day 
Saints will be found ready to respond with alacrity to this 
call which is made upon our State." 

Such advice emanating from such an authority was mag- 
ical in its effect throughout the State. 

The following succinct account is copied from a Salt 
Lake City daily newspaper: 

''Drs. Critchlow, Beer, Meacham, Conroy, Penrose and 
Taylor, who were appointed to make the physical examina- 
tions, had plent}' of work to do. The actual recruiting began 
on April 27th, when thirty-one batterymen were accepted. 

"From this time on the volunteers came in so rapidly 
that within three days more than half of the State's quota 
had been secured. Patriotic business houses of Salt Lake 
came to the front with offers to employees desiring to enlist 
of half-pay during their absence and their old places when 
they returned. The first to make this proposition was the Z. 
C. M. I. This patriotic institution furnished three battery- 
men and fulfilled its promise to them to the letter. In fact, 
all such promises made by Salt Lake employers were faith- 
fully kept. Then came the Henry Dinwoodey Furniture 
company and the Co-operative Wagon and Machine company. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 239 

The Oregon Short Line railroad agreed to hold places for 
the volunteers from their offices, workshops and trains. 

"Volunteers to the number of 714 had been enlisted by 
May 4th, when the order to stop recruiting was issued. On 
the same day the commissioned officers for the two batteries 
were named. They were: Battery A — R. W. Young, Captain; 
George W. Gibbs, First Lieutenant; Thomas C. Braby of Mt. 
Pleasant and Ray C. Naylor, Second Lieutenants. Battery 
B — F. A. Grant, Captain; E. A. Wedgwood, First Lieutenant; 
Orrin R. Grow and Dr. J. F. Critchlow, Second Lieutenants. 
Lieut. Braby declined the appointment and W. C. Webb was 
named in his stead. 

"All volunteers were ordered to report at Fort Douglas 
to be examined and mustered into the service. Every city, 
village and hamlet throughout the State furnished its quota. 
The volunteers were given the most royal kind of sendoffs 
by those among whom they had lived. Balls and entertain- 
ments were given in their honor and when they boarded for 
Salt Lake the entire population of their homes assembled at 
the stations to say goodbye. 

"From early in the morning of May 5th, sturdy young 
men, anxious to serve their country, began pouring into Fort 
Douglas, Lieut. Dashiel of the Twenty-fourth United States 
infantry, who was in charge of the post, saw to it that the 
boys were comfortably quartered in the barracks and given 
every possible attention. 

"In the evening of May 8th, this feature of the work was 
concluded and it was announced that the next day the re- 
cruits would be formally mustered into the service of their 
country. May 9th this solemn formality w^as gone through 
with and the volunteers became real soldiers. Lieut. Briant 
S. Wells, United States army, administered the oath, the 
batteries standing at attention with bared heads while it 
was being read to them." 

The camp life of the batterymen at Fort Douglas con- 



240 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

sisted of a constant and severe routine of drill and practice, 
which was performed with earnestness and enthusiasm by all 
the volunteers, whose sole ambition seemed to be to acquire 
the utmost efficiency for the work which lay before them. 

The civilian population took the liveliest interest in the 
military manouvers at Fort Douglas, and daily thronged the 
camp ground to visit and encourage the young soldiers. 
This hearty display of public interest did much toward creat- 
ing that magnificent devotion to duty and splendid esprit 
de corps which later enabled that famous command to sur- 
mount the appalling obstacles met with upon the battlefields 
of Luzon, and to achieve the truly wonderful results which 
have made it famous throughout the civilized world, and re- 
flected such untarnished glory upon the State and Nation. 

A local paper thus depicts some events of that stirring 
period : 

"Finally, came the definite announcement that the boys 
would be sent to the Philippines and it caused joy in the 
hearts of every man in the commands. On the night of May 
14th a. magnificent denionstration was given in the Theater 
in honor of the soldiers. The big building was packed to 
the utmost limit of its capacity and patriotism was worked 
up to fever heat. The same day the ladies of the Oleofan 
presented both batteries with guidons which they carried 
away with them to the war. 

"Finally, after much uncertainty and many conflicting 
orders, Capt. Young received a message from the War de- 
partment instructing him to start with the batteries for San 
Francisco May 20th. That was a day long to be remembered 
by the people of Salt Lake and by those from surrounding 
towns who came in to bid the boys Godspeed. The city was 
fairly mad with enthusiasm. 

"The volunteers marched between walls of wildly cheer- 
ing humanity throughout their journey to the Rio Grande 
Western depot. All classes and conditions of people vied 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 14£ 

with each other in giving the volunteers a farewell worthy 
of themselves and of the State they so ably represented. 
The trains departed about noon, speeded on their way by a 
last volley of cheers and good wishes." 

Said a soldier, a year later: 

"The trip to San Francisco was very trying that day; and 
we will never forget it. It did us an immense amount of 
good; and the recollections of it inspired many a fagged-out 
soldier to renewed efforts on the battlefield." 

"It is impossible," said two officers, "to exaggerate the 
magnetism and magnificence of the ovation which the boys 
received." 

The battalion arrived in San Francisco on the 22nd of 
May at 1 p. m.; were banqueted at the ferry station by the 
ladies of the Eed Cross society and marched up Market street, 
which was thronged with enthusiastic and applauding people 
to Camp Merritt; where they quickly made themselves at 
home and took up again the routine of camp life. There 
were four drills made at which they worked with a hearty 
will. They were at leisure usually from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. 
and in the evening from retreat at 6:30 until taps at 10 p. m. 

On June 14th the batteries broke camp at 6 a. m. and 
began to march to the dock at 7:10 a. m. through the city, 
where the same magnificent ovation was accorded them as 
upon their arrival. 

The batteries were distributed as follows: Battery A 
on the 'Colon', one-half of Battery B on the 'China', and the 
other half on the 'Zealandia.' Besides the batteries there 
were the Tenth Pennsylvania on the 'Zealandia', First Colo- 
rado on the 'China', half a company of engineers and two 
companies of Eighteenth infantry, First Nebraska on the 
'Senator', on the 'Colon' four companies of the Twenty-third 
infantry, two companies of Eighteenth infantry — about 1000 
men on board each transport. The battery guns were 
mounted on deck to be used in case of an emergency. Enthu- 



]^^2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

siastic demonstration was given them by the patriotic people 
of San Francisco which greeted them on their arrival. As 
rapidly ^s possible, and in good order the work of embarka- 
tion was accomplished and the transports weighed anchor 
and moved out into the bay from which place we sailed at 
2 p. m. next day to their temporary anchorage. Amid the 
deafening clang of bells, shrieks of steam whistles, shouts of 
thousands and clamor of every conceivable means and instru- 
ments for making as terrific a noise as ingenuity and re- 
sources of the great city couM command." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^43 



CHAPTER 11. 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY. 



(By Lieutenant Harry A. Pearson, U. S. N.) 

U. S. Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pa., October 3, 1899. 

Early in April a telegram came from Commodore Dewey 
to the Captain of the "Monocacy," ordering him to send at 
once to Hongkong to join the fleet, four officers (naming 
them, the writer being one of the number) and fifty of his 
best men. Up to this time, war seemed to be probable, now 
it seemed certain. All the officers were anxious to go and 
nearly every man of the crew of one hundred and twenty-five 
men was eager to be numbered among the chosen fifty. 

After an uneventful trip the steamer arrived at Hong- 
kong on the evening of the third day; and the next morning 
the fifty men from the "Monocacy" were distributed among 
the various ships where most neede. 

The writer was given command of the steamship "Zafiro," 
with orders to prepare that vessel for the reception of coal 
and stores, to keep the staterooms ready to be used as a hos- 
pital if necessary and to make request for all things neces- 
sary for service. The crew of this vessel consisted of six 
English officers and about fifty Chinese, when in the mer- 
chant service, who enlisted in the navy for the war, in con- 
sideration of being paid double their former wages. A small 
draft of sailors from the "Olympia" was also assigned to the 
^'Zafiro." 



244 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

The situation became more acute daily. One bright 
morning the good people of Hongkong, on awaking and look- 
ing out on the harbor, could hardly believe that the American 
fleet was no longer there ; for instead of seeing a fleet of ships 
of spotless white, they saw a fleet of a dull drab color. Dur- 
ing the small hours of the morning the beautiful white of 
peace times had been covered with ''war paint." The vari- 
ous ships began to remove their heave yards and spars, to 
clear their decks of all ornamental hatch covers, skylights, 
etc., and in fact to "clear ship for action." 

Finally, the long-expected news came. War had been 
declared, and Commodore Dewey's future movements were 
in obedience to this telegram: "Washington, April 24, 1898. 
Dewey, Hongkong: — War has commenced between the United 
States and Spain. Proceed at once to Philippine Islands. 
Begin operations at once, particularly against the Spanish 
fleet. You must capture vessels or destroy. Use utmost 
endeavors. (Signed) LONG." 

The British Government having declared its neutrality 
when war was declared, and Hongkong being a British pos- 
session, the Governor of Hongkong at once issued an order 
that the American fleet must leave that port in the custo- 
mary time, forty-eight hours. All was ready. On the after- 
noon of that same day the following vessels of the fleet left 
Hongkong and went to Mirs Bay, a small bay on the China 
coast about twenty-flve miles from Hongkong : "Boston," 
''Concord," "Petrel," "McCulloch," "Naushau" and "Zafiro." 
These were followed the next day by the remainder of the 
fleet, the "Olympia," "Baltimore" and "Raleigh." 

On April 27th the signal was made at 2 p. m. to get 
under way. The entire fleet hove up anchor and started 
for the Philippines in search of the Spanish fleet. The situ- 
ation which now confronted Commodore Dewey was one of 
a very serious nature. All nations, except the two bellig- 
erents themselves, had proclaimed their neutrality, therefore 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 145 

there was no port of refuge open to our fleet, but some home 
port, the nearest one being over 7000 miles away. It is true, 
that in addition to the supplies ordinarily carried by the vari- 
ous ships, the two supply vessels were filled with a large 
surplus, but, in case of a defeat and a loss of this surplus, 
there was not enough coal to carry the fleet half way home, 
and it must necessarily be captured or destroyed by the 
enemy. It was simply a question of "win or die." In order 
to secure, as far as possible, the supply vessels from capture 
or destruction by the enemy, an order was issued before 
sailing, that in case either was attacked, the "Baltimore" 
was to come to the assistance of the "Naushau" and the 
"Ealeigh" was to assist the "Zafiro." 

Another consideration of more than ordinary importance 
was the fact that our fleet was to meet the enemy on their 
own chosen ground, where, in addition to fleets, shore fortifi- 
cations, harbor mines and torpedoes could be arrayed against 
us. Such were the boasts of the Spanish, who declared our 
fleet could never enter the harbor of Manila, because of the 
strength of the forts and mines at the entrance, and that 
even if it should get into the bay, it would never get away. 
Every day, while our fleet was at Hongkong, the Spanish 
Consul there would ride about the harbor, noting the num- 
ber of ships we had, their names, etc.; and, having tele- 
graphic communication with Manila, the Spanish authori- 
ties there were kept constantly informed of our strength, 
knew the date of our sailing and could calculate almost to 
a nicety when to expect us. 

The fleet sailed for Cape Bolinao, which is about 100 
miles north of Manila. Early on the morning of the third 
day, April 30th, all awoke to find the promised land in sight, 
and it was now that one began to realize that the climax 
was fast approaching; yet none realized or imagined what 
an event was to occur the next day. 

All ships were ready for action and steamed slowly down 



]^^g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

the coast of Luzon, carefully scanning any object that re- 
sembled a ship. About half way between Cape Bolinao and 
Manila is Subig bay, a fine, deep bay, so situated as to be 
easily made almost impregnable by erecting fortifications 
and planting the narrow entrance with mines. It was here 
that the Spaniards had been working for several years to 
make their principal naval station in the Philippines. Being 
acquainted with this, and thinking the Spanish fleet might 
be there. Commodore Dewey sent the "Boston" and "Con- 
cord" ahead at full speed to reconnoiter in that vicinity, and 
shortly after the "Baltimore" was sent ahead at full speed 
for the same purpose. 

As the fleet steamed along, a number of small trading 
schooners were occasionally seen, manned by natives. The 
"Zafiro" was signaled to board one of them and inquire as 
to the whereabouts of the Spanish fleet, what precautions 
were taken on entering or leaving the harbor to avoid the 
mines, etc. It was learned that this small vessel had left 
Manila a few days before, and that to leave the harbor it 
was necessary to take a Spanish pilot, who piloted the vessel 
over a winding course in order to avoid the mines planted 
there. Nothing was learned as to the whereabouts of the 
enemy's fleet. 

About 5 o'clock in the afternoon the fleet arrived off 
Subig bay and found the "Baltimore," "Boston" and "Con- 
cord" waiting for it. They reported that the enemy was 
not in the bay, so the only conclusion to be drawn was that 
the Spanish fleet was at Manila, which was now only fifty 
miles away. The fleet halted and the signal was given: 
"Commanding officers report on board flagship." Boats were 
lowered and the commanding officer of every vessel went on 
board the "Olympia;" all were directed to the Commodore's 
cabin, where he and his staff were assembled. It was here 
and now that he made known his plans for entering Manila 
bay and meeting the enemy, and gave orders accordingly. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 147 

The fleet, which heretofore had sailed in two columns, 
was ordered to sail in single column while passing through 
the entrance, which was to be attempted that night under 
cover of darkness. All lights were to be extinguished except 
one, which was to be carried astern, and so screened as to 
be visible only by the vessel following; this was to prevent 
collision in the darkness. All hands were to be at quarters 
ready for any emergency. After passing the entrance the 
fleet was again to form in double column and steam slowly 
up the bay, for Manila was about twenty miles from the 
entrance, the intention being to arrive off Manila early on 
the morning of May 1st. 

The plan and details having been fully explained and 
understood, commanding officers were directed to return to 
their respective ships. About 6 p. m. signal was made to 
"get under way in the formation ordered." The "Olympia" 
led the column, followed in turn by the other vessels of 
the fleet. The beautiful shores of the island were plainly 
visible, being only a few miles away, and when the sun 
had disappeared and darkness crept over the scene, the moon 
was occasionally seen peeping through the clouded sky. As 
is the case in many tropical countries, the air seemed to 
be charged with electricity; for very frequently one could 
see in one direction or another, vivid flashes of lightning; 
which, when one is expecting momentarily to be a target 
for the enemy's forts, could easily be imagined to be the flash 
of a gun. 

On nearing the entrance a very bright light of two or 
three minutes' duration was seen flashing just outside of 
the mouth of the bay. This was a pilot's signal; for pilots 
were always at the entrance to the harbor, day and night, 
to safely direct incoming merchant vessels, so as to avoid the 
torpedoes planted in the channel. No attention was paid 
to this; as we neither wanted or needed a pilot. Soon the 
fleet was in the channel between the islands of Corregidor 



148 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

and El Fraile. Instead of taking the center of the channel^ 
which would place our ships farthest from the enemy's forts 
on either island, the fleet took the southern part of the chan- 
nel, passing much closer to El Fraile than to Corregidor. 
This was done with the idea that the enemy would put the 
torpedoes in the center of the channel, thinking that our 
vessels would take that course on attempting to enter, and 
thus avoid more the guns of the forts. The fleet was steam- 
ing rapidly on and all beginning to think that we should 
enter unobserved. Suddenly a white light was seen on the 
top of Corregidor island, which was immediately followed 
by a rocket on El Fraile island. Our presence had been 
observed, and the fort on El Fraile at once opened fire. The 
'^Boston," "Ealeigh" and "Concord" at once replied; but our 
speed was kept up, and soon the fleet was lost to the enemy 
in the darkness, and had safely entered Manila bay; torpedoes 
having been avoided and the fire from El Fraile having been 
badly aimed. The forts on Corregidor, which were more 
numerous, did not fire; for we had gotten so far into the 
channel before being observed that the guns of these forts 
would not bear on our fleet. 

The double column formation was again resumed. . The 
time of passing the entrance was between midnight and 1 
o'clock in the morning of May 1st. Signal was made: "Speed 
four knots," which would bring us off Manila early in the 
morning. Daylight came. It was a still, fine morning, with 
a light mist along the shore. We were getting up near 
Cavite, the Spanish naval station, situated about five miles 
down the bay from Manila, when a dense cloud of smoke 
was observed on shore, followed by a loud report and a 
splash in the calm waters of the bay, quite a distance short 
of our ships. We had now been observed by the forts below 
Cavite, which had opened fire on us; their shots falling short. 
Several shots were fired from this fort as the fleet passed; 
all fell short of their mark and no attention was paid them. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 149 

Huge battle flags were already flying at every masthead. 
When about abreast of Cavite the Spanish fleet was seen 
there. 

The supply ships were here halted, the "McCulloch'' 
left the fleet and went up to Manila to reconnoiter in that 
vicinity, while the six men-of-war, "Olympia," ''Baltimore," 
''Raleigh," "Boston," "Concord" and "Petrel" in column, 
turned in a big semi-circle and headed down the bay. The 
Spanish ships could be seen moving about and getting in 
formation. The "Olympia" opened fire on the enemy's fleet 
with the port battery and the other ships followed as soon 
as their guns would bear. The enemy's ships and forts an- 
swered the fire vigorously, and the engagement became gen- 
eral. Our fleet steamed slowly past the enemy's fleet and 
forts, firing vigorously; the smoke from the rapid-fire guns 
at times almost obscuring the ship from view. Having 
passed the enemy, our ships turned, and countermarched; 
giving a similar fire from the starboard batteries. Again 
they turned and countermarched, using the port battery, 
only to turn again and retrace their path, using the starboard 
battery. Once more they turned and countermarched, firing 
as before; and then the whole fieet withdrew into the bay 
well off Manila and Cavite. At the beginning of the action 
the enemy's ships and forts were firing very vigorously, but 
as the battle progressed it became weaker and weaker; until 
finally, near the end, became quite insignificant, compared 
with the fire of our ships. 

During the engagement one of the enemy's vessels, a 
large armed transport, left their formation, steamed rapidly 
up the bay a mile or two, and was beached and deserted. 
Special attention was given to concentrate our fire on the 
Spanish flagship, the "Reina Cristina," and she was so se- 
verely punished that the Spanish Admiral deserted her and 
changed his flag to the "Isla de Cuba." 

While our fleet lay out in the bay the forts at Manila 



J^50 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

kept up a desultory fire ou us; the shots generally landing- 
short, but occasionally coming dangerously close. The state- 
ment is generally made that our fleet came out for breakfast,, 
which we did incidentallj^ take; but this was not the primary 
cause. During the latter part of the engagement an error 
was made hj one of the "Olympia's" men in reporting the 
quantity of ammunition remaining on hand. According to 
the report, very little was left, and having been firing for 
nearly two hours and a half the Commodore thought that 
the supply of ammunition might be nearly exhausted, sa 
withdrew to take account of the supply remaining. 

Orders were given for the Captains to make a report of 
the ammunition on hand. It was found that an abundance 
was yet on hand, and that the report of a shortage on the 
"Olympia" was an error. Orders were also given for Cap- 
tains to report their losses. When the reports were all in,, 
and it w^as learned that there had been none killed, every- 
body' was almost dumbfounded; for all felt certain that the 
loss must be heav3^ It was while our ships lay here that 
the ''Eeina Cristina" w^as seen wrapped in flames and burn- 
ing rapidly. What rousing cheers w^ere given by the crewB 
of every one of our ships! lA little later the "Castillia," 
another of the enemy's best ships, was in flames. Both were 
set on fire by the shells of our guns. Most of the others of 
the enemy's ships, as w^ell as the forts, had been severely 
jumished. Tugs and boats could be seen steaming about the 
Spanish ships, rescuing their wounded and others from the 
burning ships. 

About 11 a. m., breakfast being over, our fleet renewed 
the attack, while the ''McCulloch'' went down the bay to 
stop a merchant steamer which was entering port. The sup- 
ply vessels resumed their position outside of the firing line. 
The enemy's forts and some of their ships offered a weak re- 
sistance, but w^ere soon silenced. None w^ere taken prison- 
ers, but all were allowed to escape and go to Manila by 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J5| 

land. All resistance was overcome; and by signal from the 
''Olympia," the entire fleet anchored off Manila; white flags 
Hying over the city and Cavite, as a sign of surrender; 
but Manila was not occupied by us. Since the forts at 
Manila were not destroyed by us, and, as it was thought 
probable that the Spaniards might have some gunboats up 
the Pasig river, above the city, an ultimatum was given to 
ihe Governor-General of Manila, that if any hostile act was 
committed against our fleet, the city would be bombarded. 
Commodore Dewey was the master of the situation. 
The ''Reina Cristina" and the ''Castillia" burned all day and 
evening, and several loud reports were heard when their 
magazines exploded. Several of the other Spanish ships 
were also burned. From this day on a most rigid lookout 
was kept at nights to guard against attacks or surprises. 
Armed guards were stationed about the decks to challenge 
anything seen; searchlights were in almost continuous use 
the whole night to detect the approach of all boats and ves- 
sels; and a picket boat was on duty every night, steaming 
around the fleet in search of any strange vessels that might 
be found. On May 2nd two of our vessels went down to the 
entrance of the harbor and demanded the surrender of all 
the forts. This was agreed to, after some preliminaries, and 
the garrison was allowed to go to Manila. The guns were 
quite numerous, but their breech blocks were taken away, 
rendering them useless. On the same day the cable con- 
necting Manila with the outside world was cut by the "Zafiro.'' 



Note. — Lieut. Harry A, Pearson, who wrote this chapter, 
was the only naval officer who represented Utah at the fa- 
mous battle in Manila bay. The direct, unaffected style of 
the writer has a charm all its own, reminding us of the fact 
that the best and purest of the school classics were written 
by two soldiers: the one, the Greek Zenophon, and the other. 



]^52 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

by the Latin Caesar. Lieut. Pearson was born in Draper, 
Utah. 

On his return to his native State he was honored with a 
"Pearson Day" at Saltair, a public banquet, an ovation in 
the Tabernacle, presented with a sword and accorded every 
expression of an enthusiastic welcome home by his native 
town and the whole State. 




LIEUT. HENRY A. PEARSON. 
[Photo by Johnson.] 





ASSISTANT SURGEON T. GEORGE ODELL, U. S. N. 
(See errata.) 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J 53 



CHAPTER III. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



A most curious circumstance, which seems to have es- 
caped the historians, is called to mind by the subject of the 
Philippine Islands. It is this: that toward the close of 
every century of our era some wholly unexpected and sudden 
event takes place which becomes the pivot upon which all 
succeeding history turns. This unexpected event is never 
taken into calculation before hand and generally arises as 
a mere incident in the development of other overshadowing 
issues. 

Such an event was the discovery of America at the 
close of the fifteenth century; the destruction of the Spanish 
Armada toward the close of the sixteenth (1588); the defeat 
of Kara Mustapha by John Sobieski near the end of the 
seventeenth, the declaration of American independence to- 
ward the end of the eighteenth; and the battle of Manila 
about the end of the nineteenth. To the great mass of the 
American nation the very existence of the Philippine islands 
was unknown; and the action of the Government in sending 
Dewey to Manila was the merest accident, or rather a mere 
exigency of war. Yet already the problem of the Philippine 
islands has become an acute political issue and promises to 
be the leading issue of our next campaign. But more than 
that there seems to be every probability that their retention 
in some form or another, at least the permanent possession 



254 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

of ports and coaling stations there, promises to open up a 
new commercial career for the nation and perhaps eventuate 
in Anglo-Saxon, if not American supremacy in the Orient. 
Certain it is that Utah, together with all the Pacific slope, 
is awakening to the stupendous possibilities of this incal- 
culable Oriental trade, which must add hundreds of thou- 
sands to the population and millions to the wealth of this 
section. 

Besides, there are other considerations of interest on 
account of the brilliant campaign of our Utah batteries in 
those islands, which make a very brief sketch of their history 
both germane and desirable in this work. 

In his voyage around the world Magellan , discovered 
the Philippine islands, 1521, landing at a small islet adjacent 
to the north coast of the great island of Mindanao. 

The Spaniards were hospitably received by the natives, 
who presented them among other things with ornaments and 
nuggets of gold. Strange to say, they had their teeth filled 
with gold. After taking formal possession of Mindanao in 
the name of his King, Magellan accepted the native chiefs 
offer to pilot him to Cebu, whose King was related to him. 

His arrival at Cebu on August 7th astounded the hordes 
of armed natives gathered on the beach. A treaty was for- 
mally entered into between Magellan and the chief, or king, 
of Cebu. This led to the Spaniards engaging in a war un- 
dertaken by the latter, in which Magellan was killed, April 
25, 1512, on the small island of Mactan. After many vic- 
issitudes the sole remaining vessel finallj- reached Spain, and 
thus made the first circumnavigation of the earth. 

Philip II. sent an expedition, consisting of four ships 
and one frigate, carrying 400 soldiers and sailors, under 
Legazpi, accompanied by six Augustinian monks. With this 
insignificant force this remarkable man succeeded in estab- 
lishing Spanish authority in the islands, and his grandson. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



155 



.^alcedo, effected a treaty of peace with the native rulers of 
Manila, whereby that city passed into Spanish hands. 

The famous Chinese pirate Li Ma Hong next invaded 
Luzon, assaulted Manila, was repulsed, and set up his capital 
at the mouth of the Agno; but was finally expelled; leaving 
a contingent which at present constitutes a marked strain in 
ii strong northern tribe of natives. 

Then began the endless quarrels between church and 
State, which have paralyzed progress, fomented rebellions, 
made a moral inferno of the fairest isles of earth for cen- 
turies, and culminated in the last revolt under Aguinaldo 
and finally in the American occupation. The only means of 
communication with the islands was by way of Mexico, by 
means of galleons, which became objects of attack whenever 
Spain was at war. The Dutch and English effectually 
preyed upon the island commerce and everything which 
human greed, stupidity and superstition could do to blight 
and destroy' the unfortunate islands, was put into operation. 

In 1662 occurred the first general massacre of the 
Chinese; which cheerful precedent was repeatedly followed 
at intervals. In 1762 the British fleet captured Manila. It 
was stipulated in the peace of Paris, February 10, 1763, that 
Manila should be evacuated by the British; but Anda re- 
fused to accept terms and the fight continued till the arcli- 
bisliop died, January 30, 1761. 

In 1622 the first native rebellion of any mark occurred 
on Bohol, which was caused hj the exaction of the priests 
and the outrageous taxes. Then followed another in Min- 
danao in 1629; in Samar 1619, then in Cebu, Mindanao and 
Mashate. Through treachery the Spaniards subdued this. 
Then followed revolt after revolt— 1660, 1744, 1823, i827, 1844, 
1872 and finally in 1896. 

It is beyond the scope of this work to give the history 
of this uprising of the natives, goaded into madness by the 
tyranny and exactions of the church and the cruelty and 



]^56 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

oppression of the State. Only one point must never be lost 
sight of: in this as in all previous uprisings, the rebels never 
sought or asked anything more than a mitigation of the worst 
abuses, or an abrogation of the most bloody cruelties. In- 
dependence was never present in their wildest dreams, "when 
the freest s,waj was given to the shaping spirit of imagina- 
tion." These cruelties and tyrannies included beatings until 
the back presented the '^pleasing appearance of a checker- 
board," or was cut into shreds, crushing of the thumbs, de- 
portation for life, virtual slavery, life imprisonment and tor- 
ture of delinquent taxpayers, whose taxes were more than 
their possible income; not to mention the unspeakable im- 
moralities and atrocities of the ecclesiastics, as recorded by 
Foreman, Worcester and others. These were suflQcient to 
drive a breed of curs to desperation; and there was a chronic 
condition of revolt; but never was there the remotest dream 
of independence present to any of the unhappy wretches. 
That was a concoction of Aguinaldo and company, after they 
became convinced that the American soldiers were too 
cowardly to fight and the majority of the American Nation 
did not intend to retain possession of the islands. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



157 



CHAPTER IV. 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS TODAY. 



The Philippine islands are estimated to number from 1200 
to 2000, varying in size from Luzon with an area of 42,000 
square miles, to tiny islets which are mere barren rocks 
above the highest tides of the surrounding seas. According 
to the untranslated publications of the Jesuit society, which 
are the most reliable accounts at present, the Philipppine 
archipelago lies between the parallels of 4 degrees, 47 min- 
utes, 8 seconds and 21 degrees, 13 minutes north latitude, 
and between 121 degrees, 2.5 minutes and 132 degrees 49 
minutes east longitude; bounded on the north and west by 
the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific ocean, on the south 
by the Sea of Celebes; area about 150,000 square miles. 
Their area equals that of the six New England States, New 
York, New Jersey, Delaware and a slice of Maryland, or 
about that of Japan which supports a population of over 
40,000,000. 

The population is about 10,000,000, almost one-half of 
which is upon the island of Luzon. The inhabitants for the 
most part live in towns and villages along the sea coasts. 
The interior of most of the islands have never been explored 
and what little is known of the larger and more important 
islands, like Mindanao, is due to the labors of the Jesuit 



158 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

priests. Possibly one-tenth of tlie soil, which is unsurpassed 
in fertility by any spot on earth, has been brought under 
cultivation. The last Spanish census (1887) gives the Chris- 
tian population as about 6,000,000, 

The "Official Guide" gives the Chinese population at 
75,000, chiefly in Manila One hundred thousand Chinese 
would be nearer the mark. The same authority gives 100,000 
Moros or Mohammedan Malays as inhabiting Palawan and 
Jolo, or the Sulu Archipelago; 209,000 in Mindanao and Basi- 
lan, and about 830,000 heathens in all the islands. The fig- 
ures from any source, however, are only approximate. 

There are about eighty different tribes, speaking differ- 
ent dialects, having different manners, habits, customs and 
traditions. Some of these belong to widely different races, 
some are mixed and some differ but slightly from the other 
tribes of the same race. The Malays predominate greatly, 
and are subdivided into many tribes. 

There seems to be little doubt that the Negritos were the 
aborigines. These people are a negroid race of diminutive, 
almost dwarfish, stature, seldom exceeding four feet six 
inches in the males or four feet two inches in the females. 
Their principal characteristics are large head covered with 
crisp, wooly hair; heavy eyebrows, meeting at the middle line 
of the forehead; thin, lean legs; large, rolling eyes; thick lips; 
prognathous jawbones; long arms and black, shiny skins. 
They wander in droves, like monkeys, through the forests, 
live on berries, fruits, roots, etc.; build no dwelling of any 
kind, sleep where night overtakes them, wear no clothes ex- 
cept a scanty breech-clout where they chance to come in con- 
tact with some Malay or other more civilized people. There 
can no longer be any doubt that cannabalism is practiced 
among some of the negrito tribes. No vestige of even the 
rudest religious forms or ideas has been discovered among 
them; and their language is a medley of chirps, whistles and 
clucks, apparently made in imitation of the animal sounds 



UTAH- VOLUNTEERS. 159 

of the forests, or derived from tliem. They use poisoned 
arrows, also the sumpitan, or blow-pipe, with poisoned dart. 
It is said that this poison is procured from a decomposed 
corpse, frequently of a young girl killed for that purpose. 

On the whole they seem closely related to the dwarfs, 
which inhabit the dense forests of interior Atvica, the Bhil 
tribes in the hills of India, and probably the Cliff-dwellers of 
Chihuahua, Mexico. They offer no slightest hope of any 
capacity for civilization and will rapidly disappear before 
advancing civilization. Yet they intermarry freely with the 
Malays, Chinese and other people and constitute an unde- 
niable strain in the Filipinos about Manila. As far as the 
problem of a government for the civilization of the Philippine 
islands, the negritos need not be taken into consideration 
at all. 

In comparatively modern times the Malays invaded the 
islands and drove the black dwarfs back into the interior, or 
amalgamated with them to some extent, producing such 
tribes as the Mangyans of Mindoro and Mindanao and the 
Tagbanuas of Palawan. There are indications of a Papuan 
strain in the latter arud perhaps, to some extent, in most of 
the wild tribes of the interior which are not negritos or 
Malays, although there are no pure Papuans, even scattered 
individuals, in the islands. The Malays are commonly sup- 
posed to have originated from the basin of the river Malayu, 
whence their name, and to have gradually overspread the 
islands and coasts of the Indian ocean and contiguous water. 
They are undoubtedly a Mongoloid race; and a Malay dressed 
in Chinese costume is indistinguishable from a Chinaman to 
the average white man. 

They divide themselves into three classes: Orange (man) 
Malayu (of the Malay river, or country), w^hich constitutes a 
kind of aristocracy; Orange Laut (man of the sea), corre- 
sponding somewhat to the great middle or commercial class 
in England; and Orange Benua (man of the soil), which con- 



160 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



stitnted the agricultural element, as heartily despised by the 
Orange Laut, or pirates, as was ever the European peasantry 
by the medieval barons. Beyond and below these were the 
Orange Outan (wild man), which included even the anthropoid 
apes, and has become the designation applied to one species 
of them. 

It is positively necessary to understand these distinctions 
clearly in order to form any definite idea of the Philippine 
situation as it exists today. It is just as irrational to ignore 
these social and traditional distinctions among the Philippine 
Malays as it would be to leave out of consideration the classes 
and gradations of European society in estimating European 
politics. The Tagals, the most numerous tribe, inhabiting 
approximately the central portion of Luzon, are distinctly 
Orang Benua, or men of the soil. Traditionally they are not 
lighters like the Orang Laut; there is nothing of the grim 
determination and implacable hate which distinguish the 
Moros of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago. It is an error 
which involves serious consequences to impute to the Tagals, 
the tribe with which we are at war who belong to the Orang 
Benua, the attributes of the fierce, warlike Moros, who belong- 
to the Orang Laut. The Visayans are likewise Orang Benua 
and their attitude is that of antagonism toward the Tagaloso. 

The Tagbanuas of Palawan are a cross between the 
Malays and Negritos, and are a simple, harmless tribe of 
uaked savages, kind and tractable, but extremely indolent 
and ignorant. A grown young lady among them sells for 
three dollars. They suffer greatly from the Moros, who cap- 
ture them for slaves. Balinbing, on the adjacent island of 
Tawi-Tawi, is the principal slave market, and it is currently 
reported in the southern islands that the best customers are 
the Dutch planters of Borneo. There seems strong grounds 
for the belief that they were much more civilized at some re- 
mote period, as they possess a curious alphabet which they 
inscribe upon soft bamboo joints. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^gj 

The Mangyans of Mindoro seem to have a similar origin, 
and present very miicli the same characteristics. They are 
wilder and more timid than the Tagbanuas. There are quite 
a number of similar tribes in the interior of many of the 
larger islands, which all present no problems apart from the 
process of civilizing and educating them. 

The reason why the Tagalo tribe is hostile to us is, partly, 
because they have become contaminated by contact with 
Spanish civilization and have learned to hate it for its un- 
speakable cruelty and oppression, and partly because they 
have been misled by designing leaders to believe that they 
will be treated the same or worse by the Americans. While 
suspicion, distrust and treachery are characteristics of all 
savage, or semi-savage tribes, still they all respond to kind- 
ness and justice, when they feel sure that there is no covert 
design beneath such unusual treatment. 

The Gaddans of north Luzon and some apparently 
related tribes of one or two of the larger islands are head- 
hunters, probably being descendants of the Dyaks of Borneo 
or some head-hunting tribe of Orang Laut. Before the pros- 
pective groom can claim his lady love's hand he must go out 
and take a head — any kind of a head will do. 

The Jesuit missionaries of Mindanao report four tribes 
"sorrowfully celebrated for their human sacrifices," and the 
v/riter was astonished at a detailed report of a tribe of devil- 
worshippers whose tribal name and religious ceremonies 
indicated ethnical identity with the famed Yezidis of Mesopo- 
tamia in Asia. In a word these islands seem to have been the 
meeting point of numerous races of marked ethnological 
divergencies — the racial scrap-bag of the world. 

The climate is generally mild, pleasant and equable and 
extraordinarily healthy, as is proven by the wonderful good 
health of our troops under the most trying circumstances. 
The worst climate in the islands is that of Manila, chiefly on 
account of its topographical situation. The climate of Min- 



162 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



danao, several hundred miles nearer the equator, may be con- 
sidered "much more bracing" — mucho mas fresco, as the 
director of the Manila observatory called it. 

Professor Worcester thus describes the climate of one 
of the most southern islands: "At San Antonio v^e were a 
thousand feet above the level of the sea, and the air was cool 
and almost bracing. Like most of the limestone islands of 
the Philippines, Siginjor is quite free from malaria, and with 
an abundance of good food, we soon got into fine physical 
condition." 

In fact, the matter of climate is a mere question of alti- 
tude, locality, or accessibility to the sea breezes. Apart from 
malaria — such as prevails in the United States — there can 
hardly be said to exist one endemic disease, except the small- 
pox, while the bubonic plague, which spreads such fearful 
devastation among the Chinese, with whom there is uninter- 
rupted communication, has never found lodgment upon the 
islands. 

The resources of the Philippines are beyond computation. 
The fertility of the soil is incredible. Japanese farmers are 
reliably reported to clear annually over $500 an acre on sugar- 
cane. The prevalent methods for making sugar are exceed- 
ingly crude; the juice being extracted by pounding the cane 
with a club over a log. Not one-tenth of the soil is culti- 
vated, but such is its marvelous productivity that a famine 
is unknown, although parts of the land are densely populated. 
Almost every imaginable fruit, grain or vegetable known to 
civilized man can be produced plentifully, and wild fruit in 
endless variety and abundance grows everywhere. 

Some of the known minerals are gold, silver, iron, copper^ 
lead, coal (lignite), quicksilver, platinum, uranium, petroleum^ 
natural gas, sulphur, marLles, alabaster, rubies, hyacinthes, 
diamonds (probably), kaolin and a number of other valuable 
substances. Gold is reported to be the medium of exchange 
i\\ Mindanao, and according to the published statement of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^g3 

the Jesuit missionaries abounds almost everywhere. The fol- 
lowing is a translation from a note in a Jesuit publication: 

'^In Mindanao gold has been gathered in almost the entire 
island, but principally in the district of Misamis in the tract 
called Pictao. The district of Surigao abounds in the precious 
metal in such a way that (de forma que) all its mountains 
from Mainit to Caraga seem to be full of gold mines (minas 
de oro). 

It is known that |5000 was taken out of placers in Misa- 
mis by the exceedingly primitive method of washing the dirt 
in cocoanut shells. This is probably but a small part of the 
amount actually extracted. However, the late United States 
Government report seems to incline to the opinion that the 
formation is like the gold deposits of the Carolinas and Vir- 
ginia rather than that of the West. / 

Of greater immediate value than the mineral wealth are 
the vast products of the forests — precious woods, gums, 
spices and fruit. When one recalls that a single mahogany 
log sawn into planks has sold in Liverpool for more than 
$2600, it is easy to imagine that wealth lies in the forests of 
the Philippines. 

The rich pearl fisheries of the Sulus should not be over- 
looked, to which may be added tortoise shell, sponge, mother 
of pearl, coral, ambergris and other marine products. 



164 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER V. 



SOLDIER LIFE IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



How can I convey to tbe mind of another the emotional 
kaleidescope into which my imagination was turned, when 
I gazed for the first time upon the sunrise over the hills back 
of Manila. There are some scenes in the lives of men which 
do not belong to time, space or the outer world so much as 
they are a part of the very soul of the seeming spectator. Al- 
most every one, who has been accustomed to introspection to 
any degree, can recall one or more occasions in his life, when 
gazing for the first time upon an absolutely new scene, it has 
startlingly occurred to him that he has been there before, 
and that the scene comes back to him somewhat in the nature 
of a vivid but forgotten dream. He feels perfectly sure that 
he has been in that spot, has seen those views, has acted a 
real living part in them; yet he knows that it is impossible 
for him ever to have been within a thousand miles of the 
spot. Some such feelings came to me, only in a bewildering, 
worrying sort of way as I gazed upon the most beautiful 
sight it has ever been my good fortune to behold. 

We had spent the weary weeks crossing the dreary, tame 
Pacific in the routine of drill, eating, talking and sleeping, 
until, I believe my soul had gone to sleep, as we steadily 
ploughed through the trackless sameness day after day. The 
soul sleep was still on me, I suppose, when we gathered upon 
the transport's deck to view the frowning battlements of the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



165 



now famous Corregidor, which vainly guarded Manila on that 
eventful night that our great Dewey sailed by it; although 
my companions seemed excited and expectant enough. As 
we steamed eastward the rosy fingers of the fair eastern dawn 
was touching with lingering caresses the purple hill tops back 
of the eastern metropolis. As the sun rose above the crest 
of the verdure clad hills, his keen shafts of light pierced the 
moist shadows which clung to the recesses below, like billowy 
curtains of rumpled lace covering the doomed city from the 
search of its coming foes. It seemed but a minute more and 
the shimmering waters of Manila bay lay laughing beneatli 
the kisses of the new born sun like a dimpled infant in its 
cradled sleep. 

The words of Longfellow occurred to me involuntarily: 

''Ah, if our souls but poise and swing, 

Like the compass in its brazen ring, 

****** 

We shall sail securely and safely reach 
The fortunate isles, on whose shining beach 
The sights we see and the sounds we hear, 
Shall be those of joy and not of fear." 

Such was the witchery of the scene that T felt as though 
I had somehow once formed a part of this living whole and 
that I was returning to some long lost home. It all seemed 
so bright, so beautiful, so wonderfully blessed, as though it 
had come fresh from the hand of its Maker after He had 
just looked upon it and pronounced it good; before sin and 
pain, and hate and death had yet visited it. 

From my reverie, I was suddenly called to the reality of 
the grim old world by a comrade jerking my arm and point- 
ing to the bare, blackened skeletons of Montejo's wrecked 
warships. How like gibing specters of some hideous tragedy 
of another world they seemed at that moment I 



Jgg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

To the left and ahead of us lay the American fleet and 
beyond it formed a kind of outer circle the warships of the 
German and other nations rode at anchor. There fluttering 
in the high wind which rolled the waters of Manila bay in 
heavy breakers upon the beach of Cavite to our right, floated 
the Adnjiral's pennant of the immortal Dewey. Was it pos- 
sible that it was I who was privileged to stand amid the 
scene of that marvelous tragedy, to see with my own eyes the 
sunken wrecks of the haughty Spaniard, to behold the famed 
'Olympia," to gaze upon the proud ensign of the greatest liv- 
ing sailor? As a schoolboy, my youthful imagination had 
been fired and my heart beats quickened as I read of the 
splendid achievements and sublime daring of my classical 
heroes; but as I pictured to my mind's eye the simple Amer- 
ican sailor standing with folded arms upon the quarter deck 
of his flagship in the midnight darkness of that fateful morn 
10,000 miles from home, forcing his little squadron between 
the batteries of Spain's boasted ports, into the unknown ter- 
rors of mines, torpedoes and traps, into the certain danger of 
shot and shell from superior fleet and more formidable shore 
batteries to stake everything at the rising of the sun upon 
one titantic effort against such fearful odds, how tame, how 
small, how insignificant was Caesar's passing the Rubicon, 
Napoleon crossing the Alps to the sublime daring of 
Dewey forcing the passage of Corregidor! In the awful 
hush of ''the dark and trying hour" the plain and ob- 
scure sailor was taking upon his shoulders not merely 
the fate of his fleet, the fame of his country but unconsci- 
ously the destiny of a world. Ere that day's sun had set, the 
thunder of his cannon had rocked the thrones of civilization, 
had decided the issues of the war, had added an empire to his 
country's domain and altered the course of its destiny, had 
changed the map of the earth and brought the ends of the 
world together; had raised the flag to a height of glory un- 
dreamed of and filled the world with his name. And at what 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



167 



cost? Not a life lost to the Nation nor a ship to the navy. 
Across the rolling waves of the smiling bay rode the flagship 
that carried the great sailor and on its deck walked the hero 
of the world's most wonderful naval battle. My heart swelled 
within my breast until I actually felt a sense of suffocation 
and a lump rose up in my throat as I gazed upon the dear old 
Stars and Stripes floating from the flagship of the great Ad- 
miral. The thought that insignificant I should have the 
honor to defend that flag — perhaps even to lay down my life 
for it stretched mj nerves to shrill tension and sent a quiver 
through my frame. How gladly would I have given 10,000 
lives if I had them, to have saved that glorious emblem of 
liberty from defeat or disgrace! 

Amid the thunder of saluting guns and the wild glad 
cheering of sailors and soldiers the transports of the second 
expedition came to anchor off Cavite. It all seemed so splen- 
did, so wonderful, so glorious that an overpowering sense of 
awe crept over my soul, and the intensity of the joy that I 
was to mingle in these scenes and form a part of this mighty 
drama must have made the tears swell up into my eyes; for 
one of my comrades exclaimed with astonishment in his 
voice: 

"Why, what's the matter, old man? What are you cry- 
ing about?" 

Four days we spent on board of the transports anchored 
in Manila bay for want of means to convey us from the great 
ocean steamers, which, of course, could not approach the 
shore near enough to land us. The draft employed to lighter 
the ocean-going ships are called cascoe, and, roughly speak- 
ing, may be classified as a cross between a Chinese junk and 
Malay prahu. They were clumsy and slow as a canal scow; 
but light, commodious for their bulk and water tight. The 
most curious features of their construction was an arched 
roof of bamboo and nipa palm leaves, or as the boatmen called 
it, cana y nipa (canya ee neepa) and a foot walk of planks 



168 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



running the full length of the boat. The method of propul- 
sion was certainly unique. The naked boatmen with long 
pole in hand stepped on this marine piazza or sidewalk at the 
bow of the casco, plunged the pole through the water into 
the mud beneath, placed his shoulder chest against the end 
of the pole and walked toward the stern, thereby literally 
kicking the boat forward. Another striking feature about 
these remarkable vessels is their names. Names which we 
hold too sacred to bestow even upon our children these pious 
people adorned their boats with. The most disreputable look- 
ing specimen of this craft which I observed had upon its 
stern, in huge staring letters, the name "Jesus." 

Fortunately for us our cascoes, when we did finally get 
them, were pulled by tugs near the beach, whence the cascoes 
were allowed to drift stern foremost to within perhaps fifty 
feet of the dry land. From the cascoes we waded, waist deep, 
to the beach, four miles south of Manila. Some of the inci- 
dents were ludicrous in the extreme and had it not been so 
uncomfortable in the pouring rain and so serious work to 
convey guns, ammunition and luggage ashore, it would have 
been enjoyable. Some of the boys stripped stark naked, tied 
their clothes in a bundle and carried them on their heads 
through the surf; some rode on the bare brown backs of the 
natives, some undressed partially and some paid no atten- 
tion whatever to the question of toilet. The natives of all 
shades of brown and yellow, from a deep mahogany hue to a 
pale lemon tint, in all kinds of dress or of all ages and of 
both sexes lined the beach and waded out into the water. The 
gleaming white skins of the Americans seemed to dazzle 
them. And they unhesitatingly discussed our (to them) great 
size, and the girls unblushingly gazed upon our nudity. Of 
course, this appeared to me to be very extraordinary then^ 
but I afterwards observed that it was the custom for both 
sexes to bathe publicly in the bay in an absolutely nude con- 
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UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^g9 

There was not very much time to investigate the na- 
tives, or anything else just at that time; for there was a hard 
day's work before us in making our camp and carrying our 
supplies thither; but all the boys treated the situation very 
much as if they were going on a picnic and worked cheer- 
fully and energetically till we had completed our camp and 
had everything up from the beach. 

Eain! Every afternoon there was a downpour; not one 
of your well-behaved American rainstorms, but a deluge of 
continuous falling water. After the heavens had exhausted 
themselves we were treated to a fierce tropical sun which 
converted the plentiful moisture into a hot steam which per- 
vaded everything, penetrated our mouths, noses, lungs, pores 
and every tissue of the body which could be reached. 

Most of the time was put in trying to dry our clothes. 
To cover oneself with a poncho blanket to shed the water 
from above was to inclose oneself in a veritable sweatroom. 
Coming from the dry cool climate of the Rockies, those days 
were a torment by day and an inferno by night, when the mos- 
quitos, spiders, bugs, beetles, moths, cockroaches, lizzards, 
flying things, creeping things, stinging things, tickling things, 
began their inquisitorial work upon us. I know they were 
genuine emissaries of Satan and that a Spanish Satan, too, 
sent to "buifet us;" because when the boys made the imme- 
diate atmosphere sulphurous with unprintable expletives, 
they paid no attention whatever to the fulminations. Our 
costumes were simply beyond description, for some time un- 
til we secured our uniforms and other things from the trans- 
ports. 

If a man had two outer garments he was considered well 
dressed; and often a pair of pink drawers and sky-blue un- 
dershirt constituted his entire wardrobe. We visited the 
American warships, the Spanish wrecks, native huts, points 
of interest, established a brisk trade with the natives for co- 
coanuts, bananas, monkeys, parrots, cigars and numerous oth- 



J7Q UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

er things. At first they were very suspicious and would not 
take an American dollar for more than eighty cents. Later, 
they clamored for them at two Mexican dollars apiece. The 
marvelous vegetation was specially interesting and the 
strange animals. The carabos, a species of hairless water 
buffalo, was the universal beast of burden, but a diminutive 
furry pony was also in use for light draught and saddle. They 
are larger than our American cattle and enormously strong 
but slow. I doubt if a carabao ever saw a snail unless he 
met one — he never could overtake one. 

Sergeant Coolidge thus describes the situation: 

"Here everything was new and novel to us. The half- 
naked natives who crowded around us, their queer little bam- 
boo huts, their miniature ponies, the carabao and the island 
itself covered, as it is, with a dense growth of tropical vege- 
tation. But the novelty of the situation soon wore off when 
we began to move our ammunition and supplies by hand 
with either the rain pouring down on us or the sun so hot that 
it seemed almost intolerable. The rainy season was on in 
full blast and we were never dry from the time we landed at 
Camp Dewey until we were comfortably quartered in Manila. 

"All the time the insurgents were continually fighting 
.the Spanish up nearer the city. On the 31st of July four 
guns of the Utah Artillery were ordered to the firing line, I 
had been changed to the first section so my gun happened to 
be one sent to the front. 

"'Our intrenchments were ihrown up 1100 yards from 
Fort San Antonio, Malate. The detachment from Battery B 
was in command of Lieutenant Grow and that of Battery A 
in command of Lieutenant Gibbs. We were supported by 
the Tenth Pennsylvania Infantry. The guns of Battery B 
were nearest the beach and Battery A's about 200 yards to 
our right. Between us was a large building belonging to the 
C-atholic church, deserted, of course, I believe — a convent. 
After planting our guns behind embrasures we made our 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. l^l 

selves as comfortable as possible, constructing a rude shelter 
of a canvas tarpaulin. The sharpshooters from both sides 
kept pecking away, but with no apparent effect. All the boys 
except the gun detachments went back to camp with Cap- 
tains Grant and Young. We took the limber chests off the 
carriage, set them on the ground, constructed a frame around 
them and then covered this with a thick embankment of earth 
to protect our ammunition. In front of us, and between us 
and the Spanish lines, lay rice fields and bamboo thickets; on 
our right, stretched the Calle Eeal (Royal Road), one of the 
main roads to Manila. 

"Lieutenant Grow gave me instructions to divide the gun 
detachment into reliefs of one hour each to watch at the gun. 
The Pennsylvanians had a picket line thrown out in front of 
the trenches. About sunset the clouds partly cleared away 
from the horizon and the sun sank as it seemed into the 
water, creating a flood of blooded light upon the waters of 
Manila bay. 

"We ate our supper of 'canned horses' (labeled 'roast beef), 
hard tack and coffee and prepared to spend the night as best 
we could. That evening Corporal Center and myself sat out 
on the front of our trenches watching the boys of the Tenth 
throwing earth on the embankment, and talking^ over possi- 
bilities of the coming fight, which I did not dream would oc- 
cur that night. Everything was quiet, not a sound could be 
heard save the thud of the shovels full of earth as they were 
thrown upon the embankment. About 10 o'clock I crawled 
under the tarpaulin to get what rest I could. I took off my 
shoes, leggings and side arms, and was soon sleeping as 
soundly as I would have been had I been at home. I had 
been sleeping about an hour and a half when I was suddenly 
awakened by heavy firing; I raised up and saw the line of 
trenches literally ablaze with fire. I saw George Hudson, one 
of my gun detchment, standing up over the embankment 
and emptying his revolver. Then I realized the bullets were 



172 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



coming over my head pretty thick; so I ducked, put on my 
shoes and side arms, and ran over to the gun. Lieutenant 
Grow was' there ahead of me giving orders as cool as though 
he had been on dress parade. The breach cover, which was 
newly painted, was stuck fast to the gun. We cut it off with 
a trenching knife and prepared for action. Lieutenant Grow 
received orders to open fire; which it did not take us long to 
do with shrapnel punched at zero. All this time the roar and 
din was terrible. The Mauser bullets would make a sharp 
report when it struck. At regular intervals we would see 
a flash from Fort Malate, then the boom of a cannon and 
the awful screaming of a shell coming closer and closer until 
the deafening screeching detonation would explode, usually 
within twenty feet of one of the guns. However, most of the 
shells exploded directly over or a little in the rear of us. Two 
of our men were knocked down by the explosion of a shell, 
but none were hit except one of my detachment, who was 
struck in the arm by a Mauser as he was handing me a shell. 
At the same time a Pennsylvanian dropped behind our gun. 

"The guns of both batteries were belching forth into 
the advancing fire of shrapnel; and the infantry were keeping 
up their end, too, as Pennsylvania always does. Speaking of 
the men whom I saw in action that night, they fought like 
men who had gone in to win, every one cool as men could be. 
Never at drill had they handled their guns as well. Lieu- 
tenant Grow rose high in our estimation that night. 

"Every time the gun was fired, as she spit forth her mes- 
sage of destruction, she would leap to the rear six or eight 
feet, burying the flask and wheels deeper and deeper in 
the mud; but she would hardly stop until the wheels were 
seized by the cannoneers and the gun forced forward to the 
embrasures. 

"For three hours this continued; all the while the rain 
pouring down in torrents, until the infantry as well as the 
artillery were nearly out of ammunition. The Pennsylvania 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 273 

boys stood with fixed bayonets, while we waited to make a 
stand with revolvers if necessary. 

"It was terribly ticklish. Beyond in the dense blackness 
of the stormy night, nothing could be seen. Any moment out 
of that black blank before us might flash the volley of charg- 
ing Spaniards, or gleam their bayonets under our very noses. 
Oh, the indescribable horror of the suspense, waiting minute 
after miiyLite for the enemy to burst from the maw of that 
hideous black space before us; to do anything but stand and 
wait, while the long, long minutes ticked toilsomely on! The 
appearance of the enemy would have been an immense re- 
lief. Cool as a cucumber Lieutenant Grow spoke to us with- 
out the slightest indication of nervousness in his voice or 
manner. Not a man flinched for a moment, but all will re- 
member to their dying day the terrific tension as we stood in 
the mud and pouring rain with drawn revolvers, peering into 
the inky, watery darkness, awaiting the assault of the Span- 
ish regulars. 

"At last we heard a volley, then another on our right and 
left. We could easily tell they came from Krag-Jorgensens, 
and we knew that help had come. Captain O'Hara and a 
battalion of the Third Artillery armed as infantry, our boys 
from camp with Captain Grant and Lieutenant Critchlow 
came up with ammunition and food. They worked hard re- 
pairing our embrasure and putting plank under our gun; then 
we waited for morning to come. We were drenched to the 
skin! I fell asleep standing up against the embankment. That 
is how nearly exhausted we were. 

"The l)oys in camp are entitled to half the credit — the 
offlcers could hardly hold them; and when they called for 
volunteers to go to the front (six I think) nearly every man 
rushed forward; and they could not tell who was first. Then 
when they did get orders to go, they pulled the caisson loaded 
with ammunition through two and a half miles of mud. 

"When morning came the dead were taken back to camp. 



J 74 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

When I saw these ghastly blood stained corpses I fully real- 
ized what I had been through. We were relieved at 8 a. m. 
by the third and fourth sections and went back to camp. 
That night, at the trenches, the boys had the same dose; only 
not quite so strong. 

''During the second night's fight a sight was taken off 
No. 2 gun; while the gunner, Corporal Boshard, was training 
it, he simply remarked: 'That was pretty close;' and went on 
with his work. From this time on for nearly two Wbeks some 
of us were in the trenches every night, and not only under 
.constant fire from the guns of Malate, but exposed to all the 
deadh" influences of a malarial climate. 

''One day, while we were eating dinner, the Spanish prob- 
ably seeing our smoke, fired on us. We got behind the mag- 
azine in a hurry and were just in time, for instantly a shell 
struck and exploded between us and the fire; a piece going 
through the caisson wheel and another going through Lieu- 
tenant Critchlow's musket, which he had left out by the fire 
in a large can. Day after day this continued, until on the 12th 
of August we were ordered to the trenches in full strength 
and were told that on the following day we would take Ma- 
nila." 

The following extracts are from a letter written by 
Lieutenant Gibbs, August 8, 1898, to his wife, and graphically 
describes the situation: 

"Since a week ago Sunday, when we had our first engage- 
ment with the Spaniards, we have been in the trenches under 
the fire of the sharpshooters with now and then a cannonade 
from their heavy guns. We are not allowed to fire back un- 
less they attempt to advance on our works. From our pres- 
ent position we can throw our shells right into Manila, but 
the idea seems to be that peace will soon be declared, and the 
commanders are waiting for dispatches to that effect, in order 
that we may not wantonly destroy the city of Manila. Mean- 
while ours is not a very pleasant position, for it rains all the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. |75 

time and it is pretty hard to be constantly dodging bullets. 
We have lost about twenty-five killed and there are about 
forty-five wounded, but so far only one man in battery B of the 
Utah boys has been wounded. It seems the Lord was on our 
side, for we were in the thickest of the fight. 

"It was my fortune to be in command of the battery on 
the night of the 31st, and we all did our duty, and of course, 
the batteries have been credited with the work so nobly done. 

"We fired fifty-seven shells at the Spaniards on the night 
of the 31st and killed about 250 of their soldiers. But I feel 
that we have done enough killing and would be only too glad 
to have the war come to an early end. 

"War is a dreadful thing for civilized nations to engage 
in, and I shall always be in favor of arbitration. I believe 
that my greatest comfort nowadays is the little Testament 
my father carried through the Civil War. When one is as 
near sudden death as we are here he is inclined to think of 
the future." 

In a private letter bearing date September 1, 1898, Lieu- 
tenant Frank T. Hines writes so lucidly and feelingly that a 
copious extract will not be amiss: 

"This great task and the privations and hardships of a 
campaign during the rainy seasons in the tropical lowlands 
were accomplished and endured by all the troops in a spirit 
of soldierly fortitude which has at all times during these days 
of trial given them a most praiseworthy name among the 
nations of the world. 

"In the memorable attack by largely superior forces of 
the Spaniards on July 31-August 1, 1898, not an inch of 
ground was yielded by the Utah Batteries A and B, who were 
stationed in the trenches on those dates, and to be a member 
of one of these batteries is as great honor as any young 
American could desire. 

"Words spoke or written cannot explain the terrors of 
war — "God onlv knows." The roar of the cannon and mus- 



276 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

lietry, the crash of arms, the charge, the laying down of life 
for country, and above all, the victory won. 

"The boys lay behind the earthworks on the memorable 
night only two hundred yards from where the thirsty Span- 
iards were wating. The time had come for the enemy to 
strike a blow. All day Sunday, July 31st, the flower of the 
Spanish army, 5000, marched through the gates of the city to 
reinforce the outposts and man the forts and earthworks on 
our front. All day their sharpshooters had been picking at 
our outposts and men at work in our breastworks. At 11:15 
p. m. the fire opened upon our right and ten minutes later the 
whole line was ablaze with the fire of musketry. 

"A flash — was it lightning? No. The roar of thunder is 
pleasant, but the roar of an eight-inch — ! Can you imagine 
a thirty-foot steel rail coming through the air at the rate of 
1,680 feet per second and making about twenty million revolu- 
tions per minute, and then imagine that rail striking about 
ten feet away on the top of a breastwork and filling your eyes 
full of mud? It is a hard matter to describe the sound while 
in mid air and the lighting of a shell, but the above will give 
you an idea of high life in the Philippines. The shells were 
falling thick and fast, the very earth beneath our shoe-leather 
trembled as if in contact with a mighty crater; the smoke 
was growing denser every second; our little innocent muzzle- 
loaders looked longingly through the embrasures. They were 
growing impatient as well as the men who manned them. 
The time went heavily until the command came to open fire. 
Every man stepped into the harness with the air of a veteran, 
as cool and composed as if on dress parade. Every man 
meant to fight till the last drop of blood ceased to flow in his 
veins. 

"August 10th — We have received mail twice from home 
and it is a great comfort to all of us. It is the rainy season 
here and we are a wet lot of men and tired, too, for we stay 
in the trenches twenty-four hours at a time. The Spaniards 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ' ]^77 

take a shot at any one who exposes himself, and it is a con- 
stant strain on us while we lay here in all kinds of weather. 

"They are continuing their deadly work. Swinging her 
muzzle from one side of the embrasure to the other, we sent 
our compliments to the men that we had come so far to see, 
in the form of shrapnel and percussion shells. Reinforce- 
ments and ammunition came, but the battle was won. Streaks 
of light in the east warned us that day was fast approaching, 
and it was a welcoming sight for the boys, drenched and 
chilled as they were, yet they stood by their guns ready to 
respond at a moment's notice; but our midnight friends lay 
low in their blood-stained trenches. 

"On our right and left were the Pennsylvania boys, and 
the "Keystone State" can well be proud of her gallant regi- 
ment. One glance down the line of intrenchments was a spec- 
tacle never to be forgotten. It was one long stream of fire. 
Sinking deep in our breastworks and tearing massive holes 
came the shells and solid shot from the enemy. Through the 
embrasures came the Mausers as thick as bees in a hive, but 
not a man flinched. 

"While in the hottest of the fight the top of our embra- 
sure was carried away by a solid shot. We cleared that em- 
brasure under a shower of lead without losing a man. It was 
a miracle, and I sometimes think that the Mormons have 
charmed lives. At the hour of combat the enemy had left 
their intrenchments and were advancing "u us. They came 
so close to giving us a hand-to-hand skirmish that some of 
our boys claimed they could hear enough Spanish to last them 
a lifetime. Every man on our left was down to his last round 
of ammunition. Orders came down the line to fix bayonets 
and be in readiness to repulse a charge. We were fighting 
now to hold our ground, not to drive them back. Here is 
where the "Utah Light Artillery" won for the "Baby State" of 
America a golden crown — for ever}^ raw recruit that left her 
fertile soil fought like an old soldier. Veterans of the late 



278 * UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

war can well be proud of their children. The boys showed 
their staying qualities and while the infantry on our left was 
quiet and waiting for the charge, our little guns were doing 
the act that makes history." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS, J^^Q 



CHAPTER VI. 



The dawn is o'ercast, 

The morning lowers, 

And heavily, in clouds, brings on the day, 

The great, the important day. 



As the day grew older the weather settled down into 
ever-deepening gloom and a deluge of rain ensued as though 
it were the daj' of all the centuries sacred to the weeping 
goddess **Niobe." 

The streets of Manila were well-nigh deserted and no one 
but the guards on duty were visible in the camps of the 
Americans. Towards nightfall they had their dress parades, 
disposed of their scanty rations and settled down under their 
tent-covering to rest as best they could with all their sur- 
roundings dripping with moisture. Just at this time the noise 
of some excitement on the beach, caused evidently by some 
unusual event taking place in the harbor, stirred the camp 
and there was a general rush to find out the cause. In the 
brief tropical twilight the United States transports "Indiana," 
"Ohio," "Para," "Valencia" and "Morgan," bearing the troops 
of the third expedition, swung into their berths in the harbor. 

Cheer after cheer rose from the spectators on the beach, 
given for General MacArthur and his troops, and comments 
indicating that every one now expected prompt action could 
be heard on all sides. 

The general sentiment seemed to be that the capture of 



|§Q UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Manila was a foregone conclusion and that it would take but 
a very few days before it would be undertaken. 

All day long could be heard the tramp of the swarthy 
soldiers of Spain, pouring through the gates of the old city 
of Manila to take position upon their firing line in front of 
the American trenches. These operations on the part of the 
enemy forboded some decisive action and were keenly 
watched and properly interpreted by the general officers. In 
the city, while the newly arrived American transports were 
dropping anchor and the Americans at Camp Dewey were 
shouting their cheers of gladness, the church bells in the 
city were summoning the faithful together to worship at the 
altar of their God, and importuning him to grant victory in 
the coming conflict to the Spanish arms. Behind lurid clouds 
of blood and gold — emblematic of the fading colors of Spain's 
bi-colored ensign — sank the dying flame of day; and as the 
brief tropical twilight deepened into the shadows of the on- 
coming night, the gathering premonitions of the coming 
typhoon, at once the prelude and the diapason accompaniment 
of the human battle that was about to rage, seemed to utter 
that mysterious sympathy which nature somehow always 
happens to express at human crises such as this. 

Among the ranks of the Spanish soldiers, regular and vol- 
flnteers, there was every confidence on their part to strike a 
stunning blow at least, and scattter the raw and untried 
troops opposing them. Mingled with these feelings of con- 
fidence in their own prowess and devotion to their cause, 
deemed by them just and holy, was a supreme contempt for 
the Yankees and their "tin soldiers." There were good 
grounds for this confidence on their part. They had all the 
advantage which belonged to superior drill, length of service 
and experience in battle; to superiority of armament and 
equipment, to that strange sense of superiority which comes 
from the feeling of being at home and of defending one's own ; 
to the trust in fanatical superstition and ecclesiastical assur- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. \^l 

ance; to the choice of time and place of attack; to the peculiar 
but ofttimes resistless courage born of desperation; and, last 
but by no means least, to a decided superiority of numbers. 

The experience of San Juan Hill had demonstrated the 
courage of the Spanish regular and proved the power of pride 
and heredity to sustain a soldier under the most disheartened 
conditions. 

To meet this well-planned midnight attack, amid a raging 
typhoon, the Americans had but a thin line of raw and un- 
tried boys. This consisted of eight companies of the Tenth 
Pennsylvania; a single battery of the Third Artillery acting 
as infantry, and two half batteries of the Utah Artillery. 
This thin line of less than 1400 men stretched over the beach 
eastward to the swamp lands of the Paranaque. 

Suddenlj^ from out of the gloom and black terror of the 
night flashed the opening volleys of Spain's forlorn hope, 
which she was about to hurl in sheer desperation against the 
thin line stretched across the low-lying land from the beach to 
the swamps of Paranaque. Volley followed volley in rapid 
succession, and it needed no interpreter to tell the rawest 
recruit that war, in all its stern reality, had begun. The 
American outposts were driven hurriedly in after a sharp 
exchange of fire. The firing was then taken up with vigor on 
the right of the line, and immediately covered ours in front. 
The Spanish artillery at Fort San Antonio opened up a little 
after 11 p. m. 

It was a supreme moment. It was in the power of the 
commanding Gfeneral of the Spanish forces to hurl 5000 
trained and tried veterans under cover of that midnight 
tempest against that thin line of not 1400 unseasoned and un- 
tried boys. The battles around Santiago de Cuba had been 
fought by regulars mainly. They had proved the valor of the 
Spaniards and the dauntless courage of the Americans. But 
would the volunteers stand? That was the supreme question 
of the hour. That the American regular was as good as any 



282 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

soldier on earth had been established; that the picked Ameri- 
can volunteer, accustomed to hardships and danger, • like 
Koosevelt's Rough Riders, were soldiers sans peur et sans 
roproche could no longer be questioned; but the value and 
quality of the average citizen soldiery which the Great Re- 
public could call to her defense was practically unsettled up 
to that trying hour when the hourglass of time was swiftly 
recording the expiring minutes of that last hour of July 31, 
1S98. Facing the leaden hail of San Juan the Seventy-first 
New York had quailed. Would this thin line give way? If 
it did after brave resistance, it were no disgrace; if it did not, 
if it held /'its rooted place", if it dashed back that fierce on- 
slaught, it would be at once a wonder and a warning to the 
world. 

Fiercer, deadlier than the blinding lightning strokes, 
flashed the volleys of the advancing Spaniards; wilder and 
more terrific than the crash of thunder overhead roared and 
shrieked the shot and shell of the Spanish artillery. Would 
they stand? These careless, joking, fun-making boys? 

Full and sudden it caught the Tenth Pennsylvanias 
working in unsuspecting security upon their trenches. The 
bloody tale of casualties next day told the terrible cost to 
them. In a flash all not hors du combat were in their places, 
ready, steady and determined. Coolly and rapidly they 
pointed their rifles and pumped lead into the Stygian black- 
ness before them, aiming at the lines of the flashing Mausers. 
The Third Artillery were holding their own equally as well. 
But what of that handful of Utahns and their four small 
guns? That towering convent, on either side of which were 
two guns, was the target for the splendid Spanish Artillery 
and sharpshooters, and the boys knew it. On them depended 
the fortune of the day, or rather of the night. They must 
keep back the advancing lines of the enemy. If the Spaniards 
ever reach those breastworks, what will valor, heroism or 
enthusiasm avail against such overwhelming numbers? 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. Igg 

Cool and steady as at dress parade, the ofQcers gave their 
sharp, quick orders; ready and alert the batterymen fulfil 
them. The four guns belch from their parched steel mouths 
the shell and shrapnel, whose true aim tear bloody gaps in 
the ranks of the assailing foe. At every shot the hard-worked 
gun, like some enraged wild beast plunging back upon its 
tormentors, recoils and buries its sinking carriage deeper in 
the slushy mud, only to be seized by fierce human hands and 
forced forward. Again and again they spit spitefully in the 
face of the advancing enemy. Faster and more furious rolls 
the tide of war; nearer and nearer to the laughing, joking, 
reckless band ; higher and higher rises the awful din ; deadlier 
and deadlier rains the storm of shot and shell. Almost 
naked, begrimed, mud-spattered, with straining muscle and 
jesting lips, these new and unknown species of mocking, 
reckless devils deal out red death and — laugh! "On what 
sort of meat doth this" new-made brand of hellion feed, that 
he can revel in this dance of death, this midnight carnival 
of hell? 

A well-aimed shot crashes into the earth embankment, 
saturated with moisture, bursts and buries one of the guns 
of Battery B out of sight. Corporals Shearer and Hudson 
jump otit, followed by several of the men, and coolly start in 
to restore the embrasure walls, exposed to a hail of Mauser 
bullets, as well as to flying fragments of bursting shells. It 
became necessary to cut down some trees. Seizing the saw 
himself. Shearer proceeded to fell them. Seeing a man stand- 
ing idle nearby, he addressed him thus: "What in th' 'ell are 
you standing there for? Here, hold this saw. You are good 
for nothing else." The man meekly took and held the saw. 
After the job Was finished Shearer called out, "Where is that 
man with the saw?" He was there with the saw and with 
the straps of a Colonel of infantry — Colonel Smith of Cali- 
fornia, who was watching the fight. 

Winkler of Battery B was shot through the arm by a 



]^g4. UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Mauser bullet. He did not seem to know what was the 
proper thing for a wounded soldier to do. Lieutenant Grow 
ordered him peremptorily to the hospital. Later he found 
Winkler "in the magazine dishing out ammunition with his 
good arm." When expostulated with for not obeying orders, 
he naively replied that he thought "it d — n hard for a fellow 
to have to miss the best part of the show just because he was 
so unlucky as to get plugged." 

"The combat thickens." The pieces are now so hot that 
the cannoneers blister their hands in handling them. But 
this was all the artillery there was that night to defend the 
Stars and Stripes, and the boys knew it. Eapidly and steadily 
the guns are loaded; carefully and skilfully they are trained; 
terrible and bloody is their execution. 

The first attack has been driven back. The enemy are 
now massed in two divisions to the right and left, but still 
pouring in a terrific fire. But the ammunition is running very 
low. The Tenth Pennsylvanias have hardly two rounds; the 
batteries are about as bad off for shrapnel. A messenger has 
been dispatched with all speed to the camp; but ere he even 
delivers his message the enemy may charge again. What 
then? Will the United States volunteers retreat? It would 
be perfectly justifiable. It would be scientific warfare. But 
what do they do? The infantry fix bayonets and stand wait- 
ing; the batterymen draw their revolvers and face the fire. 
But a bugle sounds from behind; there is a rattle of rifle 
firing; they are not Mauser. At the first discharge the bullets 
strike perilously near — all but the batteries. But the sorely 
needed reinforcements and ammunition have come; and none 
too soon. A second charge is made by the determined Span- 
iards; but its reception is warmer than before. Once more 
they rallied and charged, aftd a third time they were driven 
back. Then they retired behind their intrenchments. The 
day was won. 

The great question which had agitated the minds of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 185 

military circles all over the world had been answered, and 
answered in such clarion tones that none could fail to hear 
and heed. Yes, the citizen soldier of the Great Republic would 
stand the assault of the drilled and disciplined regulars of 
Europe. Dewey had startled the world with the wonderful 
efficiency of the American navy; but that navy was a drilled 
and disciplined machine differing little or nothing in prin- 
ciple from those of Europe. But the volunteer system of 
America was another thing. 

General Pando is reported to have said in a recent speech 
in the Spanish Cortes, after asserting that he had thoroughly 
investigated the conditions in the United States: ''I stated, 
and will stand by my statement, that the United States had 
not an army, and never would have an army without a radical 
change in its organic life." 

The other nations are beginning to think we have a most 
efficient substitute. So did Spain's poor soldiers, who faced 
the substitute that terrible night of July 31, 1898. 

The work of that night was a full compliment to that of 
Dewey's sailors three months previous, and taught the world 
a lesson which it will not soon forget, and which bore fruit 
at the Peace Congress at The Hague in 1899. The supreme 
issue before the world today — as it has been through all the 
ages of civilization — is the conflict between imperialism and 
individualism. The former conceives of a social system in 
which the individual is so subordinated to the interests of 
the institution, whether church, State or army, that he has 
no rights which can militate against the vested rights of the 
institution. The machine is everything, the operator nothing; 
hence the Spanish auto de fe and the French Dreyfus case. 
To minds trained as have been the Latin races, it is incon- 
ceivable that an individual like Dreyfus could have any rights 
where the good of the army is concerned. To European like 
General Pando the institution or machine is all in all, and at 
present that machine is the army. The particles which serve 



Igg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

to constitute that whole are more or less perfected automata. 
This ideal of a soldier is a mechanical unit which obeys com- 
mands and moves certain muscles with suflQcient precision to 
insure the fulfilling of those orders. Individualism would 
prove disastrous to the efficiency of the machine. 

Americanism means, or has meant heretofore, that institu- 
tions exist for the benefit of the individual; and the moment 
any institution becomes so potent and overshadowing that 
right and justice to the individual is endangered, the institu- 
tion is pernicious and must be reformed or destroyed. In 
this sense General Pando is correct. America cannot have 
an army. The day she does she has ceased to be America. 
The question which presented itself to every General and 
statesman of Europe was this: Is it possible to maintain a 
democracy in this age if it is assailed by a highly organized 
military nation? In other words, was there enough inherent 
strength in the volunteer system of the United States to 
enable it to meet the requirements of modern war with a first- 
class power. Dewey's guns replied for the naval arm of the 
Nation's defense on May 1st and Utah's guns on July 31st. 
Both answers have been satisfactory. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^87 



CHAPTER VII. 



BEFORE MANILA. 



The week which followed the battle of Malate ou July 
31st was a most miserable one for the American soldiers, 
and was a record of constant skirmishes desultory in char- 
acter and indeterminate in results. The wretchedness and 
suffering recall the scenes of Valley Forge in the dark days 
of the Revolution. 

General Green, speaking of this period, says: 

"The service in the trenches was of the most arduous 
character, the rain being almost incessant, and the men hav- 
ing no protection against it; they were wet during the entire 
twenty-four hours and the mud was so deep that the shoes 
were ruined and a considerable number of men rendered 
barefooted. Until the notice of bombardment was given on 
August 7th, any exposure above or behind the trenches 
promptly brought the enemy's fire, so that the men had to 
sit in the mud under cover and keep awake, prepared to resist 
an attack, during the entire tour of twenty-four hours. 

"After one particularly heavy rain a portion of the 
trench contained two feet of water, in which the men had to 
remain. It could not be drained as it was lower than an ad- 
joining rice swamp, in which the water had risen nearly two 
feet, the rainfall being moue than four inches in twenty-four 
hours. These hardships were all endured by the men of the 



Igg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

different regiments in turn, with the finest possible spirit and 
without a murmur of complaint." 

The arrival of the reinforcements with General MacAr- 
thur and that of the "Monterey" had so improved the situa- 
tion both as to the army and navy that General Merritt and 
Admiral Dewey had decided to change from the defensive to 
an offensive programme. The enemy had abandoned all at- 
tempts to carry the American positions by assault; but their 
sharpshooters kept up a more or less constant firing upon the 
American firing lines, with the result that one or two of the 
boys were killed or wounded every day. Occasional alarms 
would bring the boys into position behind the intrenchments 
ready to repel the expected attack, but these alarms always 
proved disappointing to them, for the bullets or bayonets was 
inconsiderable beside the discomfort of squatting all day and 
night in the mud and rain. Anything to relieve the suspense 
and discomfort would have been hailed with delight. 

Added to these was the serious disadvantage under which 
our soldiers, especially the sharpshooters, labored in having 
to use the old black powder, the smoke from which revealed 
the position of the gunner at every discharge. 

The Spanish sharpshooters using smokeless powder, 
perched themselves in trees along our lines, and being pro- 
tected from discovery by the dense foliage picked off any 
American who exposed himself without exposing himself in 
turn to the fire of our sharpshooters, who could not locate the 
spot from which the enemy's bullet came on account of the 
smokeless character of the powder used. 

The tactics of the Spaniards while exhausting to our sol- 
diers were barren of results to themselves. But so exasper- 
ating were these night attacks and bushwhacking efforts on 
their part that General Merritt had determined to put a stop 
to them. Accordingly, on August 1st, he consulted Admiral 
Dewey and they sent an ultimatum by the Belgian Consul 
on August 7th demanding the surrender of the city within 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^g9 

forty-eight hours and that the fighting before Malate must 
be stopped immediately pending the decision of the Spanish 
authorities. This put an end to the guerilla warfare which 
had been going on for weeks. The ensuing days till the 13th 
were consumed in dilatory tactics on the part of the enemy 
and generous but positive dealings with them on the part of 
the Admiral and Commanding General. Finally the under- 
standing was that the requirements of Spanish honor would 
necessitate the Americans firing on them, but that little cere- 
mony once properly attended to, the enemy would promptly 
surrender. 

On the morning of the 13th the fleet, already stripped for 
action, took position for effectively shelling the fortifications 
and trenches of the enemy. 

The experience of Horace E. Coolidge is representative 
of all, expressed as follows: 

"My section was ordered to the right flank under com- 
mand of Lieutenant Grow. That afternoon we pulled our 
gun about three miles to the extreme right of our lines and 
planted it at about three hundred yards from the Spanisli 
blockhouse No. 14. We could just see the house through 
the bamboo thicket. We made ourselves as comfortable as 
possible, and, with the help of some of the Twenty-third In- 
fantry, made an embrasure for the gun. Then we settled 
down for the night. Lieutenant Grow took me out in front 
of our lines through the thicket to a bamboo hut about sev- 
enty-five yards from the blockhouse. From a window we 
could see the Spanish working and could hear them talk. The 
Filipinos had their trenches on our right and near our gun 
they had an old muzzle loading cannon. That night we lay 
in an old bamboo hut and slept, that is part of us at a time 
as we kept a watch at the gun all night. Of course we ex- 
pected a hard fight next day and did not think it possible 
that all of us would see the close of another day. It rained 
nearly all night and was still raining next morning. We built 



190 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



a fire and boiled coffee. Just as we were about to eat our 
breakfast the insurgents touched off their old blunderbuss 
and brought down on us a perfect rain of Mauser bullets and 
also a few shells. Our orders were not to return the fire, so 
we laid low and did not reply, although some of their shells 
came uncomfortably close. We finished up our twenty-four 
hours' rations that morning, or at least I did, as I thought they 
would be easier to carry that way and did not want to go 
hungry to fight. About 10 o'clock we heard the boom of one 
of Admiral Dewey's guns on the bay, then ours on the left 
under Captains Grant and Young, then Lieutenant Webb 
with the little sea guns which Admiral Dewey had given us. 
We were ordered to our guns to be ready to open fire. Soon 
the order came; we had the gun trained on the disk (14) on the 
front of the blockhouse. Our first shot took this off. About fif- 
teen shots were fired from our gun into the blockhouse and 
by this time the Spanish fell back. We pulled our gun back 
from the embrasure to allow the infantry to go through. The 
fighting was hot. Corporal Genter and myself, with permis- 
sion from Lieutenant Grow, followed them up the road to an 
old church where the Spaniards made their last stand. They 
had thrown up a barricade across the road and here it was 
that most of our men fell that day. At least twenty dead and 
wounded of our men were lying on the road and in the church. 
By this time the flag had been raised at Malate and the boys 
were cheering all along the line. We turned back and when 
we reached the gun found Lieutenant Grow ready to move 
back around the road and into Manila. The wounded were 
being taken back to the rear on carts on which they could 
hardly manage to stay as they went jolting up and down 
through the holes in the muddy road. We numbered only 
fourteen, including the Lieutenant, and our limber chest was 
loaded with ammunition to say nothing of our blankets, shov- 
els, picks and side arms. 

"Lieutenant Grow did not give us any orders but simply 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 191 

took hold of the rope himself and said, 'Come on, boys, we will 
go into Manila,' and had it been to go to the farthest end of 
Luzon we would have followed him. 

"That night we pulled the gun into Malate where we 
found our comrades. One thing I must not forget. We found 
at blockhouse No. 14 before we left a case of sardines which 
came in very good. There was also a keg which had contained 
some kind of liquor, but one of our shots had gone through 
it; also a great many others which the Spaniards in their 
hurry had left behind. 

"That night we slept in some bamboo huts without even 
moving our side arms. 

"In a few days we were comfortably quartered in Manila 
where we did garrison duty until the 4th of February, 1899, 
when the Philippine insurrection broke out and we were again 
thrown into active service." 

Under date of September 10, 1898, Lieutenant Hines 
writes: 

"From this time on Manila was practically ours, and 
when on the 13th of August we made the combined naval 
and land assault on the defense the enemy held out but fifty 
minutes. 

"It was a grand sight when the Colorado regiment went 
over our intrenchments and advanced on Manila; then with- 
in thirty minutes Old Glory was waving in the noon breezes 
over the old fort. 

"I am proud to be one of the army who have not come 
as despoilers and oppressors, but as the instruments of a 
strong, free Government, whose purposes are beneficial and 
which has declared itself in this way the champion of those 
oppressed by Spanish misrule. 

"Now that it is over, we are anxious to receive word to 
come home." 



-|^Q2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



BATTLE OF MANILA. 



After the effort of the enemy on the night of the 31st to 
turn the American right resting on Calle Keal, the lines of 
intrenchment were continuously extended until on August 
12th a strong line of breastworks extended 3600 feet — about 
equal to the distance from the north gate of the Temple to 
the south corner of Main and Fifth South streets — from the 
bay east to Pasay road running north into Manila. Accord- 
ingly the American left flank rested on the bay and was pro- 
tected by the fleet, the right on the road protected by im- 
passable rice fields and swamps. 

A word of explanation about these rice fields. Rice cul- 
ture throughout the world is carried on by two distinct meth- 
ods. One is the "dry" or "highland" culture, in which the 
rice is sown and cultivated much the same as wheat, oats or 
any other cereal; but by far the most profitable and general 
method is to grow the rice under water. Wherever a tract 
of land is sufficiently low to allow of its being submerged 
from some nearby water course, it is divided into small fields 
of from one-half to five acres by trenching and throwing up a 
permanent embankment on all four sides. So soft and mushy 
is the soil between these containing banks that it cannot be 
ploughed with mules or horses except at a very great disad- 
vatage, as they sink too deep in it. In the Southern States 
oxen were employed for this work and the writer recalls see- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



193 



ing in his boyhood a very curious contrivance made of leath- 
er which was fastened to a mule's feet whenever the exigen- 
cies of the planting necessitated that mules should be pressed 
into service. It was a gridiron of such embankments and in 
the almost bottomless mud of such sloughs that the Ameri- 
can soldiers have charged and the intrepid batterymen have 
been dragging their cannon by hands. 

In appearance the intrenchments of the American forces 
on August 12th were very strong, being on an average of five 
and a half feet high and nine feet thick at the base. General 
Green says: 

'■'The only material available was black soil saturated 
with water, and without the boys this was washed down and 
ruined in a day by the heavy and almost incessant rains. The 
construction of these trenches was constantly interrupted by 
the enemy's fire. Such as they were, they and the Utah and 
navy guus were all that the American troops had in the way 
of aid or protection." 

This particular Sunday and 13th day of the month 
dawned damp and misty. Within the city all was gloom, 
anxiety and despair. In the harbor lay that terrible Dewey 
and his destroying angels; to the south stretched that line 
of mocking but invincible battle fiends; while all around the 
doomed city danced and raved those brown semi-sav- 
ages whose hearts beat madly with the memory of 
unspeakable cruelties and oppressions for centuries. 
This, however, was but the dramatic setting to one 
of the most momentous issues involving the highest 
interests of the entire world. The civilization which 
was represented by the defenders of Manila was one 
thing, the civilization whose emblem was the tri-colors which 
floated from the ships in the harbor and the breastworks on 
the shore was another. The two were not merelj^ different, 
they were antagonistic and mutually destructive. The for- 
mer was old and obsolete, the latter was young and aggres- 

8 



2Q4 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

sive. The whole world was keenly alive to this, which a 
glance at the arrangements of the different national war- 
ships in the harbor revealed. 

As the hour tixed by the ultimatum drew near and the 
warships in the harbor realized that the hour had come 
when they must declare their sympathies, the British war- 
ships, headed by their flagship, "Imortalite," convoying the 
transports, for whose protection they were in that harbor, 
weighed anchor, steamed across to Cavite, swung under the 
stern of the flagship, playing the ''Star Spangled Banner,'^ 
and took the berths asked for and assigned by the American 
lines. The transports were sent for protection to Cavite bay. 
Next the "Naniwa," representing Japan who had so lately 
thrown in her lot with the new civilization, steamed over to 
the American lines. To the north the immense German fleet 
and the French warships rode at anchor. 

On the land General Anderson and his brigade held the 
position next to the beach, General Greene commanding the 
center and General MacArthur the right wing. The guns of 
the batteries were distributed as follows, along the line: Lieu- 
tenant Grow, with one gun, was in command of the first sec- 
tion of Battery B, on the right flank; Lieutenant Critchlow, 
commanding gun No. 3; Captain F. A. Grant, commanding 
battery and guns Nos. 2 and 4, were on the extreme left under 
Lieutenant Hines. Battery A was distributed as follows: 

Lieutenant Webb, with two light guns on the right flank; 
Captain R. W. Young and Lieutenant R. C. Naylor, with four 
guns at the center, three placed on the right and one on the 
left of the old monastery that had been the target for the 
Spaniards on the 31st. 

The flagship opened the battle at 9:36 a. m., with her 
five-inch guns firing upon the Malate fortifications. 

The fleet had bombarded the enemy for an hour. As the 
land forces advanced led by the Colorados, the fleet neces- 
sarih^ ceased action, as the fire would endanger them as well 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 295 

as the enemy. The Colorados poured over their breastworks, 
advanced swiftly to the Spanish trenches, which they found 
deserted and proceeded to enter Malate. General Merritt 
«iays: 

"But as they passed over the Spanish works they were 
met by a sharp fire from a second line situated in the streets 
of Malate, by which a number of men were killed and 
wounded, among others the soldier who pulled down the 
Spanish colors on the fort and raised our own." 

General Greene says: "My instructions were to march past 
the walled city on its surrender, cross the bridge, occupj^ the 
city on the north side of the Pasig and protect lives and prop- 
erty there. While the white flag was flying on the walls yet, 
very sharp firing had just taken place outside, and there 
were 5000 to 6000 men on the walls with arms in their hands 
only a few yards from us. I did not feel justified in leaving 
this force in my rear until the surrender was clearly estab- 
lished, and I therefore halted and assembled my force, pre- 
pared to force the gates if there was any more firing. The 
Eighteenth Infantry and First California were sent forward 
to hold the bridges a iew yards ahead, but the Second Battal- 
lion. Third Artillery, First Nebraska, Tenth Pennslyvania and 
First Colorado were all assembled at this point. While this 
was being done I received a note from Lieutenant-Colonel 
Whittier of General Merritt's staff, written from the Captain- 
General's office within the walls, asking me to stop the firing 
outside, as negotiations for surrender were in progress. 

"I then returned to the troops outside the walls and sent 
Captain Birkhimer's battalion of the Third Artillery down 
the Paco road to prevent any insurgents from entering. Feel- 
ing satisfied that there would be no attack from the Spanish 
iroops lining the walls, I put the regiments in motion toward 
the bridges, brushing aside a considerable force of insurgentiS 
who had penetrated the city from the direction of Paco and 



J 96 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

were in the main street with their flag expecting to march 
into the walled city and plant it on the walls. After crossing 
the bridges the Eighteenth United States Infantry was posted 
to patrol the principal streets near the bridge, the First Cali- 
fornia was sent up the Pasig to occupy Quiapo, San Miguel 
and Malananan, and with the First Nebraska I marched down 
the river to the Captain of the Port's office, where I ordered 
the Spanish flag hauled down and the American flag raised 
in its place." 

Major-General Merritt's account of the capture of the 
city is as follows: 

"The works of the second line soon gave way to the deter- 
mined advance of Greene's troops, and that officer pushed his 
brigade rapidly through Malate and over the bridges to 
occupy Binondo and San Miguel, as contemplated in his in- 
structions. In the meantime the brigade of General Mac- 
Arthur, advancing simultaneously on the Passay road, en- 
countered a very sharp fire coming from the blockhouses^ 
trenches and woods in his front, positions it was very difficult 
to carry owing to the swampy condition of the ground on both 
sides of the roads and the heavy undergrowth concealing the 
enemy. With much gallantry and excellent judgment on the 
part of the brigade commander and the troops engaged these 
difficulties were overcome with a minimum loss, and Mac- 
Arthur advanced and held the bridges and the town of 
Malate, as was contemplated in his instructions. 

"The city of Manila was now in our possession, excepting 
the walled town, but shortly after the entry of our troops into 
Malate a white flag was displayed on the walls, whereupon 
Lieutenant-Colonel C. A, Whitaker, United States Volun- 
teers, of my staif and Lieutenant Brumby, United States 
Navy, representing Admiral Dewey, were sent ashore to com- 
municate with the Captain-General. I soon personally fol- 
lowed these officers into the town, going at once to the palace 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ][97 

of the Governor-General, and there, after a conversation with 
the Spanish authorities, a preliminary agreement of the terms 
of capitulation was signed by the Captain-General and my- 
self. This agreement was subsequently incorporated into the 
formal terms of capitulation, as arranged by the officers rep- 
resenting the two forces. 

"Immediately after the surrender the Spanish colors on 
the sea front were hauled down and the American flag dis- 
played and saluted by the guns of the navy. The Second 
Oregon regiment, which had proceeded by sea from Cavite^ 
was disembarked and entered the walled town as a provost 
guard, and the Colonel was directed to receive the Spanish 
arms and deposit them in places of security. The town was 
filled with troops of the enemy driven in from the intrench- 
ments, regiments formed and standing in line in the streets, 
but the work of disarming proceeded quietly and nothing un- 
pleasant occurred. 

"In leaving the subject of the operations of the Thir- 
teenth, I desire here to record my appreciation of the admira- 
ble manner in which the orders for attack and the plan for 
occupation of the city were carried out by the troops exactly 
as contemplated. I submit that for troops to enter under fire 
a town covering a wide area, to rapidly deploy and guard all 
I)rincipal points in the extensive suburbs, to keep out the 
insurgent forces pressing for admission, to quietly disarm an 
army of Spaniards more than equal in numbers to the Ameri- 
can troops, and finally by all this to prevent entirely all 
rapine, pillage and disorder, and gain entire and complete 
possession of a city of 300,000 people filled with natives hos- 
tile to the European interests, and stirred up by the knowl- 
edge "(hat their own people were fighting in the outside 
trenches, was an act which only the law-abiding, temperate, 
resolute American soldier, well and skillfully handled by his 
regimental and brigade commanders, could accomplish." 



198 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

In an incredibly short time order was establislied and 
the different commands assigned to tlieir respective duties 
and quarters. 

The following is from the record book of Lieutenant 
Webb : 

"The night of the 13th the batteries took up quarters in 
Kipa barracks, at Malate. The 14th spent in barracks; 15th, 
Battery B entered Manila; was detailed and assigned to the 
I»osition opposite the Administration building. Hacienda de 
Administration. 

"On 18th Battery A left to take quarters at Binondo 
Engineer barracks, known as Cuertel de Meisic. Later Bat- 
tery B joined Battery A at this place, where they remained 
until the breaking out of hostilities with natives. 

"(Lieutenant Webb was detailed during this period to 
take charge of all Spanish munitions in and about Manila 
and to report their condition and number)." 

"Lieutenant Naylor, with a detachment of men, was de- 
tailed on the tin-clad boat 'Laguna de Bay.' 

"The other officers being occupied with duties on service 
and courts-martial." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. J99 



CHAPTER IX. 



THE INTERIM. 



Thus ended the war with Spain, pifews of the signing 
of the protocal was receired two days later, and the arduous 
and tedious work of police and garrison duties began for the 
American soldiers. 

The volunteers had enlisted for the Avar with Spain, and 
now that peace was declared, thev all felt that their duty to 
their country had been discharged and all were anxious to 
return home. Petitions to be relieved were the order of the 
day, and among others was one from the batteries to the Gov- 
ernor of Utah to secure their return. 

"Dear Governor: — It is understood to be the fact that 
many organizations of volunteer troops are making every ef- 
fort to secure their discharge, and to that end are sending 
cablegrams to the Governors of their respective States, to 
Congressmen and to the press. 

''In order that silence on our part may not be miscon- 
strued as an expression of a desire to remain in the service, 
we will say: 

"That since the 14th day of August last our duties have 
been simply those of garrison routine, and, so far as we can 
judge, the future duties here will be little less than those of 
occupation and garrison. 

"This command, officers and men, as a unit, do not de- 
sire to continue in the service for the love of the duties of a 



2QQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

soldier. We enlisted in the service to support the Govern- 
ment in the time of need. And as soon as our services can 
be dispensed with honorably and without embarrassment, we 
wish to be recalled to our State and mustered out. 

^'Without criticising the action of other troops, and with- 
out entering into an unnecessary scramble to that end, we do 
not want to see one organization after another discharged be- 
fore us and be among the last to be mustered out. 

"When it shall be determined to send the volunteers 
home, it may require several months to transport all of them. 
It will be then that we desire your active assistance in hav- 
ing us named among the first to be mustered out. 

"We stand ready and willing to do our whole duty, but 
feel that the necessity for our presence here has passed. Since 
Manila was occupied two light batteries of the Sixth regulars 
have arrived, and in the routine duties of garrison life we 
are of little practical use, the work necessarily falling on in- 
fantry. 

"Hoping that we have made our position clear, we place 
the matter entirely in your hands and request that in such 
manner as you deem proper you secure our recall at as early 
a date as practicable and consistent. Most respectfully, yeur 
obedient servants, 

"RICHARD W. YOUNG, 
"F. A. GRANT, 
"GEORGE W. GIBBS, 
"E. A. WEDGWOOD, 
"J. F. CRITCHLOW, 
"O. R. GROW, 
"RAYMOND C. NAYLOR, 
"WILLIAM O. WEBB." 

The long period between the surrender of Manila and 
the breaking out of hostilities with the natives was by no 
means a blank. With characteristic energy and enterprise 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 201 

the soldiers started in to Americanize the dreamy old Orien- 
tal city. Almost every kind of American institution was es- 
tablished from religious association to prize fights.' 

There is a proverbial saying in the Orient that if a Span- 
iard, an Englishman and an American were to be shipwrecked 
on a desert island, the first thing the Spaniard would under- 
take would be to build a church, the Englishman would es- 
tablish a club and the American would start a newspa])er. 
Certainly it was not long before one or two of the Utah boys 
started "Freedom," which subsequently passed into the hands 
of the Musser boys of Salt Lake City, and soon became an im- 
portant factor in the work of Americanizing the city, as "the 
Giant of the Orient" has wielded an immense influence in 
moulding popular opinion. "The Bounding Billow" made its 
first appearance shortly after the battle of May 1st and was 
printed on Dewey's flagship. "The American Soldier" and 
other publications followed suit. Dramatic, literary, musical 
and other companies were organized, entertainments, wrest- 
ling and boxing matches put on the boards, A. O. U. W.'S, 
Greek letter and other secret societies started, and almost all 
the ordinary social features and functions of American life 
were represented. But the one national institution which 
filled the minds of the Spaniards and natives with most as- 
tonishment was baseball. It is contrary to Spanish etiquette 
and Malay nature to express surprise or any strong emotion, 
but American baseball broke down their impassiveness. To 
see great stalwart men tear like mad in the hot sun over a 
field on the Luneta after a little ball, and shout, hurrah, get 
excited and even quarrel over hitting it with a club, was en- 
tirely too much for the natives. They never fathomed its 
mysteries or comprehended its fascinations. T'wo leagues 
were quickly formed and Utah soon forged to the front, 
finally carrying off the elegant championship prize. 

Barrooms and restaurants made their appearance, and 
the former were too well patronized for a tropical climate. 



202 • * UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Dances, plays, races, games, contests physical, oratorical ana 
intellectual, guying '^rookies" and playing pranks in barracks 
helped to relieve the tedium of barracks life; but it also 
served to excite in the minds of the natives a grave suspicion 
that these rollicking, fun-loving boys were not the stuff that 
warriors were made of. In fact they were not bloody minded 
enough to take to bull fights or even game cock combats. On 
the other hand the natives and their ways were a course of 
never failing curiosity and wonder to the American soldiers. 

The following clippings are from "Freedom," October 
15, 1898: 

"Utah won first blood in the race for the Schlitz gold cup 
on Sunday by defeating the Star ball tossers of the Four- 
teenth Infantry. They conquered the infantrymen as easily 
as if everything had been run on ball bearings, and when the 
dust had ceased flying after the fifth and last inning the score 
was 6 to 3 in favor of the Silverite Athletes. 

"The day was as perfect for a ball game as if it had 
been expressly ordered for the occasion, and a crowd of 500 
threw their hats in the air and tore the air into lean strips 
when Utah won. Margetts (Utah) and Wheeler (Third Artil- 
lery), were the battery of the winning team. Wheeler did 
wondrous things in the box and his twisting was so puzzling 
that the infantrymen had a way of ducking and side stepping 
every time he sent the sphere cavorting over the plate. 

"Margetts' pipole Amical late display behind the bat also 
gave the crowd a few spasms of enthusiasm and Roberts was 
cool and effective at the first plate. There were no particu- 
larly spectacular plays, except a home run which Walquist 
executed by falling in the lea way of an armed infantryman. 
"The game was an exceptionally good baseball exhibi- 
tion and was suflflcient of a struggle to give prophecy of some 
exciting contests before the final innings come for the cham- 
pionship and the gold cup. 

"On next Sunday the secoiid game will be contested by 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 203 

the Astor Battery and the Twenty-third Infantry. Both teams 
are practicing almost daily and a warmly contested struggle 
is expected." [ 

INTEKIM. 

"Last Tuesday evening the ladies of the Red Cross, God 
bless 'em, were surprised and serenaded by the band boys of 
the First Colorado Infantry. The affair was one of those 
pleasing arrangements that live in memory long years after- 
wards, and that it is quite useless to try and describe. 

"Light refreshments were served, coffee and sandwiches 
such only as mother can prepare, disappeared in remarkably 
short order and the hours that usually are made of sixty 
minutes seemed cut down to fifteen. 

"Time jumped a cog or two and as a consequence tatoo 
sounded much too soon." 

"The other day a Utah Artilleryman was sent to the 
guardhouse for laughing while at drill. It seems to me his 
ease is serious. He ought to have been j)laced in a padded 
cell in an as^'lum. Poor fellow! it's to be hoped that with 
complete rest he will regain his normal condition. The news 
should be gently broken to his folks at home. 

"In the interests of science it would be well to have his 
brain examined. Xo doubt there would be found some ex- 
traordinary development there, A man who can find any- 
thing to laugh at in drill is almost beyond hope." 

From a private letter of Lieutenant Hines, dated August 
22, 1898: 

"In your letter you are greatly worried over reports that 
we do not get enough to eat. Of course, the bill of fare is 
rather short at times, coffee, hardtack and bacon for break- 
fast; coffee, bacon and hardtack for dinner, and bacon, hard- 
tack and coffee for supper, but I fare a little different, I am 
doing Lieutenant duty and have been eating with the oflicers. 



204 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

It may spoil me if I have to come down to the above bill of 
fare. But I laugh so much (to keep fat) at the natives. Thejf 
are surely a great mixture. They live on rice and cigarettes, 
and amuse themselves at cock fighting and rarely does either 
sex tuck their shirts into their trousers. All hands smoke, 
from the baby in its mother's arms to the gray-headed old- 
timer." 

From a private letter of Hon. Ben Harbour: 

''The natives are very small and very dark, with a strong 
Chinese cast of countenance. They are sharp in their deal- 
ings and will swindle the life out of you in making change if 
you are not careful." 

But beneath all this merry making was a deep under- 
current of disgust and an anxious longing to be relieved and 
to return home which appears in all the correspondence of 
the boys who wrote to friends and relatives at home at this 
period. There is also a most unmistakable indication of the 
ever-widening chasm between the Americans and Tagalos. 
It was inevitable that sooner or later the friction of conflict- 
ing purposes would increase to the fiaming point, and mis- 
understanding arising from inability to understand each oth- 
er's language or appreciate each other's motives and feelings 
should crystalize sooner or later into pronounced antagonism, 
but above all, that the fundamental antipathies of race should 
develop into' positive hate. The breech was widening with 
every revolution of the earth and the hour was swiftly ap 
preaching when the rupture must occur. It is useless to spec- 
ulate on who was to blame. Doubtless mistakes were made 
on both sides. It is possible that an intimate knowledge of 
the Malay character might have averted the catastrophe. 

Of one thing there cannot be a doi^bt, that the cry of in- 
dependence was a pretext, and that Aguinaldo and his col- 
leagues would have sold out to the Americans as they did to 
the Spaniards at the time of the previous rebellion. They 
had been driven to desperation by Spanish cruelties and ex- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 205 

actions, and had taken up arms in expectation of obtaining re- 
dress in some vague way, but until Dewey's fleet placed Ma- 
nila at his mercy, and their expectations of becoming its mas- 
ters inflamed both their vanity and cupidity, the Tagalo lead- 
ers had neither planned nor purposed an independent repub- 
lic. To anyone who has studied Malay character the imputa- 
tion of patriotism is preposterous. They have no more pa- 
triotism than the Chinese, and no more idea of self-govern- 
ment than the Zulus. Some of the leaders have been edu- 
cated and have imbibed vague ideas of independence, but the 
rank and file of the Tagalos are simple, ignorant peasantry 
who care nothing for political rights or privileges beyond the 
power to escape the lash and torture of the tax gatherer. To 
attribute the political aspirations and motives of the Ameri- 
can revolutionist to the average Tagalo is as imbecilic as to 
impute compassion to the Spaniards. 

At no time have the Tagalo tribe possessed the island of 
Luzon or any other of 'the Philippines. 

At no time have they ever aspired to possess it, nor do 
they now want it. True, they would like to slaughter the 
Maccabebes and Illocans and massacre or enslave the Ne- 
gritos, but to own, control, cultivate and establish an inde- 
pendent republic of Luzon they never dreamed. What they 
wanted, and now want, is possession of Manila, and they want 
that for revenue only. With the political aspect of the ques- 
tion this history has nothing to do, but in seeking the cause 
and locating the blame of that rupture the facts must be ta- 
ken into consideration, and patriotism in our sense of the 
word had little or "nothing to do with the case." 



206 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER X. 



THE CONFLAGRATION. 



Baffled rage, no doubt, inspired the atrocious attempt on 
the part of the natives to burn the city of Manila, as well as 
the hope of inflicting- a serious blow upon their enemies at the 
time of the conflagration in consequence of the confusion and 
disorder which could not fail to prevail. Strangely enough,, 
they selected the birthday of George Washington to execute 
this nefarious design of their leaders, whom some Americans 
(?) have called the Filipino George Washington. 

The Associated Press dispatch of the 23rd gives the fol- 
lowing^ graphic account of this indisputable evidence of the 
civilization and "fitness"' of the Tagalos for self-government: 
, "Just as the long strings of carriages which daily pass 
and repass each other on the Luneta were forming for the 
procession homeward, a dense black column of smoke rolled 
up above the intervening roofs and almost immediately after- 
Avard an ominous red glare was reflected from the sky. The 
blaze had started in a row of two-story modern buildings with 
brick foundations, on the Calie Lacoste, in the center of the 
Chinese section, and as several of these had been fired within 
a few minutes of each other it soon assumed alarming pro- 
portions. 

"By the time General Hughes and his men arrived on 
the scene and commenced to clear the streets, the fire was: 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 207 



spreading on both sides of tlie Calle Laeoste, and a stiff breeze 
was fanning it forward. 

During the excitement the hose was cut five times, and 
other impediments placed in the way of the firemen. Upon 
learning of this, General Hughes issued orders to his men to 
shoot the first man who interfered with the checking of the 
flames or attempted to start others. Several natives who 
picked up burning wands and darted off with them were 
either shot or bayoneted by the guards and then a general 
lound-up of all natives on the streets in the vicinity was 
ordered. As thousands of people were vacating their houses 
and carrying off their effects and the sidewalks and roadways 
were littered with furniture for blocks, this was a work of 
some difficulty, but by degrees the soldiers coralled hundreds 
of protesting natives and hustled them into yards and vacant 
lots, where they were guarded until the excitement subsided, 

"About 9 o'clock the European volunteer fire brigade 
arrived on the scene with a modern (American) engine and 
after three hours' work the fire was controlled. Meantime the 
whole of the block in which the blaze originated, two-thirds 
of that on the opposite side of the street and a block and a 
half west of it had been completely gutted. 

"From a spectacular standpoint the fire was a magnifi- 
cent sight, the flames leaping from the wooden structures 
fifty feet into the air, while millions of sparks glistened 
among the rolling clouds and fell in golden showers upon 
adjacent roofs. Scores of fires were started by these sparks 
to windward, but as every one was alive to this danger they 
were promptly quenched in their incipiency. 

"Shortly after midnight, just as the weary workers and 
watchers were repairing to their quarters, congratulating 
themselves that the fire, bad though it was, had been no 
worse, another blaze was reflected from the smoke-beclouded 
«ky in the direction of Tondo. This being the most densely 
populated native district in the city, which had always been 



2Q§ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. # 

identified with the rebel cause, preparations Avere at once 
made for trouble and it was not long in coming. 

"No sooner had the fire brigade coupled its hose and 
commenced to play upon the flames which had again started 
in a block of buildings occupied by Chinese, than shots were 
fired at the men from the windows of adjacent houses. Com- 
panies E and M of the Second Oregon volunteers and M and 
C of the Thirteenth Minnesota volunteers, under Major Wil- 
liams, were hastily reinforced by Major Goodlae's battalion 
of the Twenty-third Infantry and an attempt was made to 
clean out the neighborhood. 

"Suddenly, however, shots were fired down half a dozen 
streets at once and when this fusilade was followed by vol- 
leys from Mausers in the vicinity of the railway station it was 
realized that the enemy had sneaked around to the left flank 
of the outposts at Caloocan by way of the creeks and estuaries 
in the Vitas district and that there was other work than fight- 
ing fire to be done. 

"As the strength of the enemy was unknown, it was a 
ticklish situation to cope with, but it had to be met, and the 
Americans, regulars and volunteers alike, met it like men. 
A skirmish line fully a quarter of a mile long was formed, and 
advanced under cover of huts and trees until the rebels were 
discovered behind hastily formed barricades of paving stones 
and street car rails commanding two streets and within two 
stone buildings. 

"The firing from bushes and shacks became so hot that 
it was found necessary to set fire to other shacks to windward 
in order to smoke the rebels out, and this having been done, 
an advance was made upon the barricades. Both were carried 
with a rush but the rebels made a determined stand within 
the ruins of an old church and it was not until a detachment 
of the Oregon volunteers flanked them from an adjacent brick 
building that they were moved. Thirty were shot within the 
inclosure and six more in another. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 209 

"Once the rebels commenced to fall back it was easy to 
keep them moving, although they threw up barricades and 
hastily entrenched themselves near the terminus of the 
Balabon street railway. This, however, occupied all of Thurs- 
day morning, the rebels not being driven out of the city limits 
until long after daylight. While they left 113 dead on the 
ground and several hundred were taken prisoners, many 
escaped into the swamp land north of the city this side of 
Oaloocan and are still believed to be in hiding there." 



210 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XI. 



TWO QUESTIONS. 



A decided and definite policy early announced and vigor- 
ously carried out would possibly have averted war; whether 
it were one of extreme concession or stern repression. In the 
former case the presence of soldiers was wholly unnecessary, 
and could not but result in arousing alarm, suspicion and 
finally enmity. In the latter, conciliation should have been 
safeguarded by precautions to overwhelm any show of force 
at its first appearance. It is easy to see these things after 
the event, but at the time when the authorities were trying 
to solve the problem it would have required a knowledge of 
the men with whom they were dealing, their methods, aims 
and ambitions which was not possessed by either the Govern- 
ment or its representatives in Manila. It was a task beyond 
the powers of any government, with the possible exception 
of the British, which has had centuries of dealings with 
Asiatics. Certain it is that humiliating failure has been the 
result of every attempt on the part of occidental nations to 
rule oriental peoples unless we accept such seeming successes 
as Britain's rule in India and Holland, in Java. In both these 
cases the peoples are ruled through their native chiefs and 
according to their own customs and traditions. 

The first prerequisite was an intimate knowledge of the 
native character and an ability to address all intended 
changes to the native conscience. In the nature of the case 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 211 

this was unobtainable; not that there were no iVmericans who 
liad both the requisite knowledge and ability to apply it, but 
they were not either politicians or prominent citizens. That 
the Government appreciated this is evidenced by such ap- 
pointments as that of Professor Dean C. Worcester of Ann 
Arbor, who had spent three or four years in traveling in the 
islands. 

The second prerequisite was a definite policy; such, for 
instance, as the one laid down for Cuba. But here again it 
was impossible to announce a programme for a heteroge- 
neous aggregation of dissimilar tribes in all degrees of civi- 
lization, from that of naked savagery to that of educated 
gentlemen, segregated upon a hundred islands and requiring 
almost as many different policies as there were tribes. To 
these embarrassing features, which arose from the character 
of the problem, we must add the aggressive criticisms and 
strictures with which ever}^ effort of the Government was 
assailed. The administration had been forced into a war 
with Spain most reluctantly; but when waging war became 
its duty, it proceeded to make war with American vigor and 
energy. As a result of the fortunes of war, Manila was left 
on its hands at the close of its war with Spain. What to do 
with Manila was the problem, and to the immediate and 
temporary answer to that question the administration ad- 
dressed itself. 

Up to the day of the surrender, the most pleasant and 
amicable feelings existed between the Americans and the un- 
disciplined and unorganized horde who surrounded the 
doomed city, attracted together by the alluring prospects of 
plunder and rapine. Without arms, equipment, or organiza- 
tion, these ragamuffin recruits of Aguinaldo could have been 
corralled easily and kept herded together until some definite 
plan of action could have been determined upon. Nothing is 
farther from the truth thau to impute to these mental and 
moral tatterdemalions a'ny sentiments of patriotism or as- 



■212 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

pirations after independence at this period. They were sim- 
ply an aggregation of individuals who were impelled by va- 
rious motives, more or less worthy, to join themselves to a 
movement agreeable to their natures and exciting to their 
cupidity. Their highest idea at this time was to take revenge 
for past injuries and to rid themselves in the future of the 
cruelties and atrocities to which they had been subjected by 
the Spaniards. As often as the wretched Tagalos had been 
goaded into insurrection by Spanish oppression, in no in- 
stance had it ever entered their imaginations to demand any- 
thing more than a reform of existing laws and institutions. 
When Aguinaldo arrived and gathered his motley crowd, it 
was with no other idea than that of effecting, with American 
aid, the reforms for which every insurrectionary fight had 
been waged. Personally, Aguinaldo himself may have cher- 
ished some vague ambition of a nominal republic, like that of 
Santo Domingo, with himself as virtual dictator; but every- 
thing points to the opposite. It is beyond dispute that what 
the Tagalos were fighting for before and after his arrival 
was the granting of reforms by the Spanish Government. The 
thought of independence never once entered the head of a 
single one of them, leaders or followers. The concessions de- 
manded by the insurgents and granted by the Captain-Gen- 
eral Primo de Rivera in behalf of the Spanish Government in 
1896 were: First, a general amnesty; second, introduction of 
reforms and correction of evils complained of, and third, an 
''indemnity" of |800,000, to be paid to Aguinaldo later upon 
compliance with certain conditions. 

The notion of independence appears in one of his many 
proclamations on May 24, 1898, of which the first paragraph 
is as follows: 

"The Great Nation North America, cradle of true liberty 
and friendly on that account to the liberty of our people, op- 
pressed and subjugated by the tyranny and despotism of 
those who have governed us, has come to manifest even here 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 213 

a protection which is decisive, as well as disinterested, to- 
wards us, considering us endowed with sufficient civilization 
to govern by ourselves this, our unhappy land. To maintain 
this so lofty idea, which we deserve from the now very pow- 
erful Nation North America, it is our duty to detest all those 
acts which belie such an idea, as pillage, robbery and every 
class of injury to persons as well as to things." 

Without exception, the American officers interviewed by 
the writer assert that, considerably after this novel idea of 
independence had had time to find lodgment in their minds, 
the closest questioning failed to elicit the most shadowy no- 
tion of what the word meant or the fact involved. When 
pressed for a definite answer to the question: ''What do you 
mean by independence?" the answer was invariably this, in 
substance: "When we get independence every man will have 
a wife, a gamecock, a dog, a nipa hut, and no taxes." 

The unvarying and unanimous testimony of officers and 
privates is to the effect that the rank and file of the Tagalos 
were not only incapable of self-government, but could not 
possibly desire to form a stable independent republic; as they 
never seen one, had no conception of what it was, how to pro- 
cure it, what it would do, or, in fine, any rational idea what- 
ever upon the subject. 

Assuming the sincerity of those who assail the adminis- 
tration for continuing the .campaign against the Tagalos on 
moral grounds, their propaganda can only be accounted for 
on the grounds of ignorance and misinformation. It cer- 
tainly seems incredible to the writer that any intelligent man 
w^ho has studied the subject thoroughly, acquainted himself 
with the Malay character, and posted himself upon the Ta- 
galo situation, should maintain that the administration could 
withdraw our troops from the islands and abandon the 
wretched inhabitants to the fate of the "Kilkenny cats." 

But beyond the question of the right or wrong of our 
presence in the Philippine Islands, is the other question: Are 



2]^ 4 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

the Tagalos or any of the Philippine tribes capable of self- 
government? The answer to the question, of course, will de- 
pend upon one's definition of self-government. If such a gov- 
ernment as exists in Santo Domingo is meant, they probably 
are; but if such as exists in Switzerland or the United States 
is meant, then the answer is an unequivocal No! The Malay 
idea of government is essentially the same as that of the Chi- 
nese, and it would be about as sensible to expect the Tagalos 
to establish and maintain a genuine republic as it would be 
to demand of the primary department of one of our public 
schools the establishment and maintenance of a daily news- 
paper. It may be true that Admiral Dewey expressed an 
opinion to the effect that the Filipinos were as capable of self- 
government as the Cubans, but he did not say how well quali- 
fied he considered the Cubans. 

Some insiglit into Malay character is absolutely indis- 
pensible to form a correct idea of the moral issue. No one will 
accuse Professor Dean C. Worcester of prejudice against the 
natives. He invariably shows a decided sympathy for them. 
A few extracts from his very interesting book are given. 
Speaking of a Malay chief, he says (p. 146) : 

"He knew his people, and ruled them with an iron hand, 
punishing the slightest opposition to his will with death. At 
first he did his own killing, but, when his reputation was once 
firmly established, he turned work of that sort over to his 
subordinates. If he chose to drive off a herd of cattle, and 
the owner ventured to object, Pedro only said: 'Cut off his 
head, and it was done. If the father of a girl whom he 
. wished to add to his large circle of wives protested, the an- 
swer was: 'Cut off his head.' 

''Pedro was shrewd enough to know that it was not worth 
while to fight the Spaniards, and when some of his unruly 
subjects made an unsuccessful attack upon Zamboanga, he 
awaited their retui'n, and gave them a vigorous drubbing. In 
return for this service he was forgiven for having killed a 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 215 

Spanish officer and committed a few otlier little indiscretions. 
At the time of our second visit to Basilan, in 1891, the Gov- 
ernor was in constant communication with Dato Pedro, who 
still continued to keep his people in fairly good order, while, 
if the Spanish officials happened to want the head of one of 
his subjects, he had it cut off and forwarded at once. 

^'During our stay, he invited a former acquaintance in 
Mindanao to come over and go boar hunting with him. The 
Zamboangueno accepted the invitation. At the close of their 
day's sport they were standing in front of Pedro's house when 
a Moro from a neighboring village rode up on a fine horse. 
The visitor admired the horse, and when Pedro asked him if 
he would like it, thoughtlessly replied in the affirmative. De- 
cidedly to his surprise, his host picked up a rifle, took deliber- 
ate aim, shot the Moro dead, and presented him with the 
mount." 

Speaking of Moro character, in another place (p. 175), he 
says: 

"Inhuman cruelty is one of his most prominent charac- 
teristics, and he will cut down a slave merelj^ to try the edge 
of a new barong. 

"Hardly a night passed during our stay at Sulu that 
marauders were not in evidence near the town. They took 
l)ot-shots at the sentries, stole cattle, and made themselves 
generalh' disagreeable. 

"Finally, there was a rumor that a band of juramentados 
was about to attack the place. Now a juramentado is a most 
unpleasant sort of individual to encounter. The Moros be- 
lieve that one who takes the life of a Christian therebj^ in- 
creases his chance of a good time in the world to come; the 
more Christians killed, the brighter the prospect for the fu- 
ture, and if one is only fortunate enough to be himself killed 
while slaughtering the enemies of the faithful, he is at once 
transported to the seventh heaven. 

"I'rom time to time it happens that one of them wearies 



21g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

of this life, and desiring to take the shortest road to glory, he 
bathes in a sacred spring, shaves off his eyebrows, dresses in 
white, and presents himself before a pendita to take solemn 
oath (juramentar) to die killing Christians. He then hides a 
kris or barong about his person, or in something that he car- 
ries, and seeks the nearest town. If he can gain admission, 
he snatches his weapon from its concealment and runs 
amuck, slaying every living being in his path, until he is fin- 
ally himself dispatched. So long as the breath of life re- 
mains in him, he fights on. 

"Eye-witnesses have repeatedly informed me that they 
have seen juramentados seize the barrel of a rifle, on being 
bayoneted, and drive the steel into themselves further, in or- 
der to bring the soldier at the other end of the piece within 
striking distance and cut him down." 

Another "good Moro" he thus describes (p. 178): 

"Toolawee was well worth seeing at such a time. As he 
stalked at the head of our little party, with his barong loos- 
ened in its sheath and his short rifle at full cock, his flashing 
eyes searching the cover for an ambush, he was the warrior 
personified. I must confess, however, that the dignity of his 
expression was somewhat marred by the fact that he had his 
mouth stuffed full of cartridges. 

"He was considered a 'good' Moro, and we were therefore 
interested in several incidents which gave us some insight 
into his real character. After satisfying himself that we 
could use our rifles with effect, he made us a rather startling 
business proposition, as follows: 'You gentlemen seem to 
shoot quite well with the rifle.' 'Yes, we have had some ex- 
perience.' 'You say that you wish to get samples of the 
clothing and arms of my people for your collection?' 'Yes, 
we hope to do so.' 'Papa (General Arolas) told you if you met 
armed Moros outside of the town to order them to lay down 
their weapons and retire?' 'Yes.' 'Papa does not understand 
my people as I do. They are all bad. When we meet them do 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 217 

not ask them to lay down their arms, for they will come back 
and get them, and probably attack us; just shoot as many of 
them as you can. You can take their weapons and clothing, 
while I will cut off their heads, shave their eyebrows, show 
them to Papa, and claim reward for killing juramentados. 
Toolawee never really forgave us for refusing to enter into 
partnership with him on this very liberal basis. 

"Just before our final departure from Sulu, he presented 
himself before me and remarked: 'Senor, I want to buy your 
rifle.' 'But, Toolawee,' I replied, 'you do damage enough with 
the one you have; what do you want of mine?' 'My rifle is 
good enough to kill people with, but I want yours for another 
j)urpose,' my good Moro made answer. Pressed for details, he 
confided to me that he had heard Papa was soon going back 
to Spain, and after the Governor left he should be 'afuera' 
(off shore), waiting for victims. He explained that he never 
fired at the people in a canoe, but shot holes in the boat itself, 
so that it would fill with water. The bamboo outriggers with 
which all Philippine boats are provided would serve to keep 
it from actually sinking, and the occupants, being up to their 
chins in water, could easily be dispatched with the barong, 
thus economizing ammunition, and he added : 'My rifle makes 
but a small hole in one side of a canoe, senor, while yours 
would make a much larger one, and the ball would go clear 
through.' Toolawee was nothing if not practical." 

Of the Tagalo, Professor Worcester writes (p. 476) : 
"The civilized natives seldom voluntarily confess faults, 
and often lie most conspicuously to conceal some trivial short- 
coming. In fact, they frequently lie without any excuse what- 
ever, unless it be the aesthetic satisfaction derived from the 
exercise of their remarkable talent in this direction. When 
one of them is detected in a falsehood, he is simply chagrined 
that his performance was not more creditably carried out. 
He feels no sense of moral guilt, and cannot understand being 
punished for what is not, to his mind, an offence. 



218 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

"A servant of mine once sulked for days because I had 
beaten him for telling me a most inexcusable lie. Some time 
later, in attempting to carry me across a stream, he stubbed 
his toe and fell, pitching me into the water, and sadly de- 
moralizing mj spotless white suit. I treated the affair as a 
joke, but my laughter seemed to cause him more anxiet}- than 
reproaches would have done. He acted strangely all the 
evening, and when I was about to retire, presented me with 
a rattan and asked me to give him his whipping then, as it 
made him nervous to wait, and he wanted to have it over with. 
This serves to illustrate the well-known truth that a native 
will submit without a murmur to punishment for a fault 
which he recognizes as such. Too much kindness is very 
likely to spoil him, and he thinks more 'of a master who ap- 
plies the rattan vigorously, when it is deserved, than of one 
who does not. On the other hand, he is quick to resent what 
he considers to be an injustice, and is quite capable of biding 
his time until he can make his vengeance both swift and 
sure. 

''With all their amiable qualities, it is not be denied that 
at present the civilized natives are utterly unfit for self-gov- 
ernment. Their universal lack of education is in itself a diffi- 
culty that cannot be speedilj^ overcome, and there is much 
truth in the statement of a priest who said of them that 'in 
many things they are big children who must be treated like 
little ones.' " 

The nondescript Malay mob which surrounded Manila 
entertained sentiments of admiration and friendliness for the 
Americans up to the surrender of the city. Of this there has 
been no dispute. The first cause of estrangement was the 
wounded vanity of Aguinaldo, who expected to be treated as 
an equal by the Commanding General of the American forces. 
The next was the refusal to let native soldiers enter Manila. 
Lieutenant Hawkins was compelled to use force to keep them 
out. The discontent thus engendered gradually and rapidly 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 219 

lieveloped into such strained relations that an open rupture 
was inevitable. The experience of all history taught that two 
bodies of men, differing in language, manners, habits and 
customs; in thought, feeling and temperament; in intelli- 
gence, experience and aspirations; when brought into close 
contact, will develop antipathies. 

The novelty of a city simultaneously occupied by three 
liostile armies, crystalized finally into the surrendered Span- 
ish army fraternizing with the American, and the Tagal army 
virtually besieging both. 

Corporal W. D. Riter says in an interview published in 
the Deseret News: 

"Our relations with the Filipinos, which had been most 
friendly up to the 13th of August, soon took on a serious as- 
lipect. No sooner had the city been captured than guards were 
stationed around the outskirts to prevent armed natives from 
entering for the purpose of looting houses abandoned by their 
owners for fear of the bombardment; and natives who had 
already gained access to the city were, upon their return, halt- 
ed by our guards, and relieved of any ammunition gathered 
from the Spaniards. To their demand for a joint occupation, 
General Merritt replied that he would have to refer the mat- 
ter to the President, who sent back word that there should be 
Tio joint occupation. 

"The natives then began to keep up an effective guard at 
the points which we held when fighting the Spaniards; and 
that the military enthusiasm of the whole population ran 
high was shown b}' marching bands of children, with broom- 
sticks on their shoulders, parading the streets of Manila, often 
led and commanded by an adult. We soon began to form a 
strong dislike for them — a dislike so strong that the men 
were only too glad to relieve the monotonous life of guard 
duty by meeting them in actual combat." 

The following opinions were publicly expressed by Major 
Richard W. Young: 



220 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

"It was tlie general sentiment throughout the entire 
Eighth Army Corps that the Filipino war was justified, be- 
ing brought on by events that no one could foresee at the time 
Dewey and Merritt captured Manila. On February 4th a Fili- 
pino was killed while trying to pierce the line of the Nebras- 
ka regiment. 

'They are absolutely incapable of self-government, be- 
ing half -barbarous, and each tribe considers every other one 
its natural prey. If we should recall our forces they would 
destroy each other in the race for supremacy, millions of 
American and foreign capital would be lost, and hundreds of 
foreign residents would be massacred. If they set up a gov- 
ernment among themselves some other dictator would happen 
along tomorrow and topple it over." 

In the Forum, Senor Lala, a Tagalo, native of Luzon, a 
writes as follows: 

"Second the multiplicity and heterogeneous nature of the 
tribes is something astonishing. Over sixty different lan- 
guages are spoken in the archipelago, and though the ma- 
jority of the tribes are small, there are half a dozen each 
having over a quarter of a million members. The languages 
of these people are as distinct from another as French and 
Spanish or Italian, so that the speech of any one tribe is unin- 
telligible to its neighbors. These tribes are all civilized and 
Christianized, but small, uncivilized tribes, among whom the 
Igorotes seem best known in America, inhabit the mountains 
in Luzon and form a large part of the population of Mindanao. 
In this island also there is a large Mahommedan population,, 
which is independent of the Mohammedans in the neighbor- 
ing Sulu archipelago. 

"Third, it is the Tagalos inhabiting some of the provinces 
about Manila who are resisting the authorities of the United 
States. Other civilized Filipinos are neutral, except where 
they are coerced by armed bands of Tagalos, who seized upon 
their governments during the making and the ratification of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 221 

* 

our treat}' of peace with Spain. It would be incorrect to as- 
sume, however, that these tribes are allies of ours. They are 
not; indeed, they are not without suspicion of the white race, 
of which they have had experience only through Spain. But 
there are men of intelligence and property, and the masses, 
when not stirred up by the Tagalos, recognize the advantage 
to them of American sovereignty, and so many remain neu- 
tral. 

"Fourth, the insurrection, though serious enough, as ex- 
perience has proven, is not a national uprising. Indeed, there 
is no Filipino nation. As I have already said, there is a mul- 
tifarous collection of tribes having only this in common, that 
they belong to the Malay race. The inhabitants of the archi- 
pelago no more constitute a nation than the inhabitants of the 
continent of Europe do." 



222 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE RUPTURE. 



It is easy to condemn the policy of conciliation now, but 
so subtle and secretive were the strategies of the Tagalos; so 
well informed seemed Aguinaldo and his chiefs; so complete 
had been the exhibition of the prowess and strength of the 
United States in the destruction of the Spanish fleet and the 
capture of Manila, and so manifestly inferior both Spaniards 
and Tagalos to the Americans, physically and in every other 
way, that it was very hard for a majority of the Americans to 
believe that the natives could be so mad as seriously to con- 
template actual hostilities until shortly before the rupture 
tame. In fact, it was not until about two weeks before the 
fatal 4th of February, 1899, when two Utah guns were taken 
at midnight, January 24th, under cover of night, to Santa 
Mesa and concealed under tents, that the batterymen became 
satisfied that trouble was at hand. 

The following editorial from "^Freedom" indicates the 
prevailing sentiment: 

THE INSURGENT SCARE. 

The latest insurgent scare seems to be fading away like 
all the previous ones, and it seems at the present writing that 
the soldiers will soon regain their freedom. 

It is to be hoped that this is the case, for trouble with 
the natives is not desirable. As a people, we are here to bene- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 223 

fit tliem by introducing some of our nineteenth century civi- 
lization into their midst and to help them to more successfully 
and happily solve life's problems and not to wage war with 
them. There are many both in and out of the army who de- 
sire to fight with the insurgents, and when it comes to argu- 
ment, their whole stock in trade consists of the assertion that 
they are low and degraded. We admit that from the point of 
view such men take, this, to an extent, is true, but a much 
greater extent when looked at in the light of comparison, it 
is untrue. But even were they low and uncivilized, it would 
be their misfortune and not their crime, and to war against 
them and exterminate them would never add luster to the 
stars of Old Glory. Right-thinking people would deplore any- 
thing of the kind. Americans will always shrink from such 
a policy, and unless it becomes absolutely necessary, they 
will never cross swords with those poor, long-aflflicted people. 
Reports seem to be exaggerated. For instance, it has 
been stated that the Nebraskas had been surrounded by the 
insurgents, who were building intrenchments, and were in 
great torture. Of course, this was not official. It was merely 
a rumor among the men of certain organizations, I think, who 
were all eager to march to the rescue. Yesterday a represent- 
ative of this paper went out to the Nebraska encampment 
and found that regiment in absolute ignorance of any torture 
whatever. 

The first man he saw out there was one on a twenty-four 
hours' leave of absence, and when he asked him about the 
threatened trouble, he received what is vulgarly known as 
the horse laugh. ''Why," he said, "we are passing in and out 
of the insurgent lines all the time." There is all the regiment 
speaking in the same strain. And as if intrenchments there 
were unknown. Everything seemed as calm and peaceful as 
a summer's dream, and it is to be hoped the conditions will 
continue. 



224 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

We can get no glory or anything else by fighting insur- 
gents. If through ignorance they trespass too much on Uncle 
Sam's dignity and long-suffering, he may be compelled to chas- 
tise them, but it will not be with any thought of glory in ac- 
cord with the principal of sparing the rod and sxjoiling the 
child. He will spank them properly, and not because he 
wants to, but because it is necessary in order to make them 
understand that the world still moves and that there are 
rights that civilization demands shall be respected. 

The famous Katipunan, a secret society which had been 
the backbone of previous rebellions, was now busily at work 
exerting its tremendous influence to foment a conflict. 

THE KATIPUNAN SOCIETY. 

The long and desperate struggle for Philippine independ- 
ence, which began in 1896 against the Spanish, and in 1899 is 
still continued against their successors, the Americans, owes 
its origin and strength to a widespread secret society, the 
Katipunan, or league, to which all the leaders and most of 
the members of the party of patriots belong. It was orga- 
nized in 1894 by Dr. Jose Rizal, poet, patriot, political phil- 
osopher, and finally martyr to the cause of liberty, its object 
being to expel the Spaniards from the islands and establish 
an independent native republic. It spread with such rapidity 
that in no great time it numbered fully 50,000 members, by 
whom and their followers was fought the bitter war. 

Aguinaldo, Luna, Agoncilla, Francisco Roxas, Pedro 
Eoxas, Artacho, Mamni and others whom I might name were 
all prominent members of this powerful organization. To it 
also belonged many native priests, a class which has always 
been foremost in the movement of opposition to Spanish ty- 
ranny. The same cannot in any sense be said of the priest- 
hood of Spanish origin, since these have been the bulwark of 
Spanish tyranny. 

The great element of opposition to the priesthood in the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 225 

Philippines has been the order of Free Masons, and from this 
the Katipunan arose. For years the Masons have been cor- 
dially hated and greatly persecuted by the priests, who looked 
upon them as the enemies of religion and the disturbers of 
public order. The hostility of the Katipunans was strongly 
directed against the friars, who had long persecuted the Ma- 
sons, at one time imprisoning no fewer than 3000 of them in 
the dungeons of Manila. This the Masons did not forget, but 
bided their time for revenge. The Katipunan society was or- 
ganized as the great agent of retribution upon these oppress- 
ors, and, indeed, upon the Spaniards as a whole, who were to 
be destroyed by any means, fair or foul. 

Its mystic rites were of a dread and impressive character, 
in harmony with the remorseless nature of the oath taken by 
the members, a terrible obligation which breathed vengeance 
upon Spain and everything Spanish, The ceremonies were as 
weird and mysterious as Oriental ingenuity could devise. 
Each member of the organization received the ''brotherhood 
mark," which was an incision made on the left forearm or the 
left knee with a knife of peculiar form, the handle of which 
was covered with the peculiar symbols of the society. The 
candidate was further obliged to sign the roll of honor with 
his own blood. The third finger of the left hand was pricked 
until the blood flowed, and with this finger the name was 
traced on the paper. The cicatrice caused by the knife 
wound served one useful purpose. It was adopted as a mark 
of mutual recognition, the mystic mark of the association. 
The work or the plans of the league were never discussed 
with one who did not bear the significant mark of brother- 
hood. 

The Katipunan instantly sprang into popular favor. Its 
operations, however were conducted with the greatest se- 
crecy, for the Spanish authorities soon became aware of its 
existence, and, recognizing its threatening character, resolved 
to destroy it, root and branch. But this was by no means easy 

9 



226 



UTAH VOL,UNTEE3RS. 



to do. The seeds of disaffection had been scattered far and 
wide over the islands, and wherever they fell there sprang 
up a branch lodge of the great order, whose central society 
was at Cavite. But though it was too widespread and too 
secret to be exterminated, it had one prominent martyr. Dr. 
Rizal was at length suspected of being the chief agitator in 
the revolutionary movement, and paid the penalty with his 
life. 

Many of its members I know to be in the ranks of the in- 
surgents today, but the society, since it has attained its aim 
in the expulsion of the Spaniards, is no longer so powerful and 
united as it was. 

But by far the most potent influence which compelled 
the inevitable conflict was a genuine, deeprooted and avowed 
contempt for the fighting qualities of the Americans. Through 
the Katipunan and other media, the leaders had convinced the 
natives that the muchachos Americanos (American lads) 
would not dare to expose themselves to the fire of the Tagalos 
in serious battle. This unaffected contempt was openly ex- 
pressed on all hands, in every conceivable manner; the phrase 
uno Filipino iqual cinco Americanos (one Filipino worth five 
Americans) was shouted at the boys on the lines loudly and 
regularly. When the huge Americans declined to take no- 
tice of words, gestures and actions, which would goad the 
native offering the deadly insult into the frenzy of running- 
amok, or at least defending his honor with his life, it was 
simply impossible for him to attribute it to self-restraint im- 
posed by military discipline at the command of a chief. To 
him it was an ocular demonstration of abject cowardice, and 
he was perfectly sure that whatever the Americans could do 
with cannon on sea, they would not stand up against infantry 
who were not blufling as the Spaniards did on the day of the 
surrender. It seems incredible, but, as Julius Caesar re- 
marked of soldiers in a somewhat similar situation, homines 
credunt quod volunt (men willingly believe what they wish to). 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 227 

The following is from a letter of Private Carlos Young: 
'Tor weeks the Filipino soldiers had taunted us with 
cries of derision. For weeks both Spaniards and Filipinos 
thought the American soldier was a soldier in name only and 
that he was afraid to fight. And it was acting on this belief 
that many Filipino families moved into the interior rather 
than be in Manila when the insurgent army should enter and 
drive the Americans out. And down in Camp Santa Mesa the 
Nebraska officers, than whom no braver men exist, were 
jeered and hissed at and called cowards and insulted in every 
possible way, simply because the United States Government 
was doing its level best to settle matters peaceably and avert 
bloodshed, and our foes thought it a sign of our weakness. If 
some of those misguided Americans who are assiduously try- 
ing to injure the honor and integrity of our Nation at home 
by telling of the wrongs of the Filipinos and petitioning the 
American soliders to mutiny, could have been out here in Ma- 
nila while the Paris treaty was pending in the Senate, and 
had had to put up with what the soldiers have had to put up 
with, they would have wondered why we did not start th<^ 
war ourselves, and that a few months sooner." 

Never was there a stronger confidence, nor one based 
upon so worthless a basis, and never was there greater sur- 
prise nor a prompter or more complete correction of error. 
They were accustomed to the Spanish tactics of making an 
attack at night under cover of darkness, followed by an aban- 
donment of the ground taken, if successful. The repulse of 
the Dons by the Americans at Malate, and the prearranged 
exchange of shots at the surrender of Manila had done noth- 
ing to apprise them that while the seemingly meek-spirited 
boys who had only Springfield^ and black powder to oppose 
their Mausers and smokeless powder, did not make a business 
of fighting, they made fighting a business when they had it to 
do. It must be remembered that their hereditary Mongoloid 
instincts as well as experience led them to frighten their 



228 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



enemies, not to destroy them. Today the Moro warrior en- 
gages in fiercest grimaces, gesticulations, prancings and in- 
vectives before beginning actual battle, and the Chinese in 
remote provinces attack the enemy with beating gongs and 
drums. 

On the night of the 24th, before the advance on Mala- 
bon on the 25th, the natives actually fired Chinese bombs, fol- 
lowing the terrific noise of their explosion with Mauser vol- 
leys. This will account, in a large measure, for their strange 
indifference to accuracy of aim. Their main reliance in battle 
is to strike terror into the foe, principally by means of noise. 

When the Americans unexpectedly marched in the open 
day on the 5th of February, out of their trenches, right ahead 
and over and into theirs, without heeding their din, blank as- 
tonishment seized them, and as they did not know what else 
to do, such conduct being unprecedented, they took to their 
heels. A common sight in saloons, both in Santiago and Ma- 
nila, is to watch the pantomime with which a native Cuban 
or Tagalo illustrates his idea of a proper soldier. Taking a 
stick, he points it at an imaginary man, prefacing and accom- 
panying his actions with the exclamation "Americano no 
bueno" (American no good); then take a step forward, fire, 
exclaim, step forward, fire, etc., the length of the room. For 
a Spanish soldier he reverses this, firing, stepping backward 
and repeating, "Espanola mucho bueno." All this in perfect 
seriousness. The Spanish commander who had the misfor- 
tune to be the first to encounter the Americans before San- 
tiago said to the American General: 

"Your men behaved very strange. We were much sur- 
prised. They were whipped, but didn't seem to know it; they 
continued to advance, and we had to go away." 

This reminds one of the story of the Chinese fort, im- 
lu-egnable at that time on the water front, but practically 
defenseless to attack from the rear. When the British forces 
proceeded to assault it in the rear, the Chinese commander^ 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 229' 

under a flag of truce, informed the British ranking officer 
that the fort was not built to be attacked that way; so please 
to assail it in front. 

To us many incidents of the Spanish war seem humor- 
ous; such as the polite message of the Governor of Gruam 
to Captain Glass of the "Charleston" when that warship was 
bombarding the fortifications on that island, expressing his 
regret that, in default of ammunition, he could not return his 
salute; as was also the request of the commander of a Spanish 
war vessel near Manila to be allowed a brief space of time to 
go for ammunition in order to fight the American vessel. But, 
without question, the choicest bit of serio-comic in war was 
Admiral Monte jo's application to Dewey for a certificate of 
good conduct to be presented to the Spanish Government. 
But to the Spanish mind there is nothing comic or humorous 
in these incidents. To the Don the etiquette of war is as in 
violable as that of the court. A new Cervantes may appear 
and portray to the countrymen of Don Quixote the exquisite 
humor of their making war at all, but for the present the 
American and his ways are simply passed finding out to the 
Spaniard. When we reflect that the Tagalos had no ideas of 
fighting except such as they had received from the Spaniards 
it can hardly be a matter of wonder that they were astonished 
at the Americans — whom they had already whipped, in their 
minds, according to all known precedents — disregarding all 
etiquette and convention by simply advancing and compelling 
them to "go away." 

The aggressions of the Tagalos or Filipinos, as they 
styled themselves, increased daily and became so unbearable 
that it was a mere question of time when a soldier on either 
side might precipitate a general engagement. The tension 
was brought to the snapping point by the action of the Taga- 
lo leaders in posting their sentries well within the American 
lines. But before this overt act of aggression, they had cap- 
tured and detained as prisoners of war some Americans who 



230 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

had entered their lines with arms, as alleged. To avoid fric- 
tion as much as possible, the Americans had been confined 
strictly to their barracks; and as no effort was made to in- 
vestigate their capture or demand the release of the Ameri- 
cans, the Tagalos felt emboldened, and more than ever con- 
vinced that the Americanos would not fight. 

About the middle of December Major Young was in- 
formed by General MacArthur that the "situation was ex- 
tremely strained, and his officers were ordered, along with 
those of the other commands, to "ride the country," so as to 
maneuver intelligently when hostilities broke out. Reports 
of a plot of a contemplated uprising of th^ Katipunans and 
other natives in Manila to massacre all the Americans, burn 
and sack the city, while their soldiers outside attacked the 
Americans, were received and steps taken to avert the catas- 
trophe. The proofs of this pleasant little enterprise were too 
overwhelming to be questioned for a moment. 

The night of the 4th of February differed in no respect 
from many which had preceded it. The circus, theaters, ca- 
cinos and other places of amusement were filled with soldiers 
and civilians as usual. No suspicion of what was coming 
crossed the mind of a single American, as they engaged in 
their usual pastimes and amusements. 

The Nebraska regiment was posted at Santa Mesa, to the 
east of the city, and between them and the natives an imagin- 
ery line ran from Blockhouse No. 7 to San Juan Bridge. The 
native Colonel had filed an agreement that the soldiers on 
neither side should cross this line with arms. By posting his 
sentries about 200 yards within this line he directly contra- 
vened this convention. The direct violation was borne with 
good naturedly until it looked too dangerous to continue. Ac- 
cordingly, on the night of the 4th, Colonel Stotsenberg, who 
commanded the Nebraskas, spoke to the little Tagal Colonel 
and advised him that no further infraction of the compact 
would be tolerated. It seems that the little Colonel was ad- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. " 231 

dieted to acquiring "Dutch courage" by copious potations of 
vino, and either deliberately forced the issue according to 
programme, or recklessly defied the consequences of disre- 
garding the warning. At any rate, some armed natives at- 
tempted to pass the Nebraska sentry, and were promptly 
challenged. They paid no heed, and boldly walked on. Pri- 
vate Grason dropped on one knee, took aim, and made one Ta- 
galo permanently "good." The rest quite properly ran away. 
About 9 p. m. firing along the whole Tagalo line com- 
menced, and the war was on. 



232 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



TAGALO WAR. 



It has been questioned in certain quarters whether the 
Americans were the aggressors, and whetlier the open rupture 
could have been prevented or not. The answer to both is 
simply. No. In additition to the reasons already assigned, is 
the fact of the existence of a declaration of war dated prior 
to February 4th; and the character of the natives' earth- 
works offered indisputable evidence of their design. These 
had been constructed in the most approved scientific and 
elHcient manner, and strengthened from time to time, until 
they were practically impregnable, if defended by first-class 
troops; but the most striking circumstance was that their 
lines of trenches were a trifle over 800 yards apart, which was 
exactly the effective range of the obsolete Springfield rifles 
borne hj the Americans, while the effective range of their 
Mausers was 2000 yards. They were thus perfectly safe from 
the enemy's fire, while theirs would be just as effective as if 
they were 100 yards distant. Added to this was the fact that 
if the Americans hid in their trenches they could be kept from 
even firing by their sharpshooters, who could climb a tall 
palm at night, wait for daylight and pick off every American 
who exposed himself; the smokeless powder used would not 
reveal his location, while every puff from an American sharp- 
shooter's gun would make him a target. The only thing re- 
maining for them to consider was the American artillery, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 233 

which, apart from that of the fleet, was insignificant. The 
danger from the fleet was insignificant, away from the shore, 
and the diminutive pieces of the Utah and Astor batteries 
were of little use without horses and could not do very much 
damage to their first line of magnificent earthworks, and 
none to their second, if they found it necessary to retire to 
them, as it was manifestly impossible for cannon — and with- 
out horses, too— to cross the intervening ricefields. Besides, 
artillery did not amount to much in their past experience of 
many years; so that was their smallest trouble. The Kati- 
punans and the other conspirators could give the Americans 
JD the citj'' all the occupation they wanted in putting out the 
conflagrations, protecting it from pillage, and defending them- 
selves from their assailants stationed within, behind, and on 
the roofs of their houses and in innumerable other places of 
concealment. As to the muchachos on the line, they were too 
cowardly to resent an insult from natives half their size. They 
might stay in their trenches, and under cover of night try to 
creep up and fire their volleys, but they could easily take care 
of that. Had they not conquered the Spaniards, who would 
at least resent a personal afi'ront? Why should they allow 
these big tin soldiers to deprive them of the fruit of their vic- 
tory? They were a thousand times better armed, equipped 
and drilled than they had ever been in all the wars which they 
had waged with the Spaniards and had worsted them; they 
had drilled and could march as well as the Americans, they 
even had cannon; surely it would be the height of folly and 
cowardice to allow themselves to be "bluffed" by a lot of 
cowards, out of the rich spoils in the city which belonged to 
them by right of conquest. That they would never get any of 
the precious loot was sure, for had they not followed up the 
Americans as they went over the Spanish trenches the day of 
the surrender, plundering them of all the ammunition, food 
and valuables, and were they not stopped by those cowardly 
fools? They would find they would not have such a picnic as 



23^ 



UTAH VOLUISTEERS. 



they had that day. But in any event, they could take to the 
woods and bushwhack Americans, as they had Spaniards, as 
long as they lived, or wanted to continue. On the whole, they 
had everything to gain and nothing to lose by bringing on an 
engagement. 

All this was sound reasoning and good logic frona the 
standpoint of their experience and knowledge. The only de- 
fect was that the facts were against them. It was impossible 
for them to know or even suspect that those juveniles, who 
seemed so weak and mean-spirited, would walk out of their 
trenches and walk over and through what to their former 
foes would have proven insuperable obstacles; that they 
would do what never had been done in their experience- 
never stop till they reached their destination, paying no at- 
tention to the terrific din and leaden hail in front of them. 
How could they dream that cannon could be aimed with such 
nccuracy that shot and shell could be dropped on any spot 
with exact precision, or, still more incredible, that men would 
drag their artillery pieces over rough riceflelds where even 
rough carramatas could not go, and in the face of a terrific 
fire? How could they know that these men would fight in 
the broad daylight, and in the open? They could not know 
these facts, because they were beyond their experience; and 
man really knows nothing that has not been experienced. 

But it was precisely these unknown facts which entirely 
upset their well-laid plans. There was one fact, it must be 
remembered, that no other body of soldiers in the world could 
have anticipated, viz. : that the Utahns would invent the "artil- 
lery charge." This novel invention will figure so extensively 
in subsequent events that it may be left out of consideration 
for the present. 

By 9 p. m. the firing became general, and the infantry 
kept up a desultory fire all night; the Uijah platoon of artil- 
lery spending the night under the enemy's fire in construct- 
ing gun pits for protection next day. By 3 a. m. this work 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 235 

was completed and guns planted on McLeod's Hill. At the 
breaking of the dawn the firing became lively, and as soon as 
it was light enough, about 5:30 a. m., the artillery opend up 
and for four hours poured such a rain of shot and shell upon 
the enemy as was never known in Luzon. After the first fif- 
teen minutes the infantry ceased firing, consequently the mass 
of the insurgents' fire was concentrated on the batteries, 
which lost two men in fifteen minutes, viz.: Corporal John 
Toung and Cannoneer William Goodman. During these four 
hours a church, convent, blockhouse and bridge were de- 
stroyed by our fire. One cannon of the enemy on San Juan 
biidge was shattered into fragments by the well-directed 
percussion shell of one of our batteries. After these four 
hours Lieutenant Gibbs advanced behind the line two Nor- 
denfeldts." 

It is not intended to give a detailed account of the 
numerous engagements with the Tagalos, or as they are called 
in most of the accounts ''insurgents," which would be an 
almost interminable task and belongs properly to the general 
history which can only be written after the publication of 
the full official reports. What is purposed in these pages is 
to put the reader specially interested in the Utah volunteers 
in possession of the facts of their deeds and daring in the 
100 fights in which they became engaged, their feelings, emo- 
tions and connections with the general actions and results. 
Every engagement had the same general ending and was 
never in doubt; hence there is no scope for martial descrip- 
tion. 

The following letter from Horace Smith, a Utah boy in 
the Fourth Cavalry, Troop E (regulars), who was severely 
wounded afterwards, fulfills this purpose better than words 
of a non-participant: 

''At the time of the outbreak, February 4th, blockhouses 
1 and 13 were occupied by E troop, and a line of earthworks 
between the two were also held by 'a platoon from the same 



236 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

body. This was the position at the time the first shot was 
fired and also when the firing ceased. Part of the time, when 
the engagement was the hottest, these positions were rein- 
forced by a portion of the Fourteenth Infantry and the North 
Daliota volunteers. 

"By many people it is claimed that the hardest fighting 
of the 5th was at this place, for the insurgents held an admira- 
ble position in trenches where 500 Americans could hold at 
bay an opposing force of at least 5000; and from these 
trenches they poured an incessant fire into the American 
lines, but, fortunately for us, they were too high. From our 
jjosition we returned the fire with good results, and the way 
our Krag-Jorgensens (The regulars were not armed with 
Spring-fields. Their rifles are considered equal to the Mauser) 
cracked told the enemy plainer than words that our "picka- 
ninny guns" — as they have named the carbines — were useful 
for other purposes than ornament, and that, contrary to 
Aguinaldo's teaching, the steel-coated bullet would not 
glance off. 

"While we in blockhouse No. 13 were passing our jokes 
between volleys, the Fourteenth Infantry were ordered to 
advance on the enemy's trenches. The task was a difficult one, 
but never a man faltered, and when they were deployed as 
skirmishers we knew that they would succeed before return- 
ing to their old position. Owing to the dense growth of brush 
and trees we could not see their movements, but the constant 
crack of their rifles told us plainly enough that they were 
advancing by rushes, holding their strength for the final rush 
on the trenches. The boys had finished a hearty meal before 
going out, and in less than an hour from the time they left 
the blockhouse we heard a mighty cheer, followe'd by others 
as hearty. 

"Now the boys in blockhouse No. 12 could see the enemy 
retreating, ever and anon one falling to arise no more. That 
night the Fourteenth had established headquarters at Pineda, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 237 

having driven the insurgents through Pasay and Pineda and 
on to San Pedro Macati, where they now await our attack. 
Towards evening we were relieved and for another night slept 
on our canvas bunks in the quarters. Three days later we 
returned to the blockhouses, remaining there until 5 p. m. on 
the 9th, when we returned to the post long enough to eat 
supper." 

The following transcript of Lieutenant Webb's log book 
is as effective as his cannon and brings to one's mind a realiz- 
ing sense of the action: 

''Thursday, 2nd — Things are getting more and more 
strained. 

"Friday, 3rd — Slept with our clothes on last night. 

"Saturday, 4th — Things were quiet all day; but at 4 
o'clock Colonel Stotsenberg sent for me and told me that he 
had heard that the insurgents had mounted two guns to use 
against the camp. Sergeant Fisher and I went down to the 
river to try and find out where they were. We did not find 
them, but we did see something that surprised us. It was 
some savages that the insurgents had brought in to help them 
fight us. They were dressed in breech-clouts and turbans, 
and were armed with bows, arrows and spears. About 8:45 
at night we heard the report of a rifle at the outpost of the 
camp. In about three minutes there was another, and in a 
minute came a volley. By that time we had our guns out of 
the camp and well on their way to the position assigned to 
them on the hill (McLeod's). Then the attack came and they 
made it pretty warm for us. We spent the night building 
breastwork and getting ready for the fight that we expected 
to come in the morning. 

"February 5th, Sunday — At 4:45 the men had breakfast 
and at 5:15 the fun commenced, and by daylight, about fif- 
teen minutes later, there was a regular storm of bullets, not 
aimed at us, for they did not know where che guns were. A 
few minutes later we opened up, and after a few shots they 



238 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

found US out; and how they did give it to us. For about one 
hour they concentrated their whole fire on us, and they killed 
Corporal John Young and Cannoneer William Goodman; but 
we fixed them. In one place the infantry credited us with 
twenty niggers. We shelled a church, a convent, a block- 
bouse, a bridge, besides several houses, and when they started 
to run we sent shrapnel after them to hurry them up a little. 

"Kept up the fire until about 11:30. Then the left of the 
line advanced, and after they had taken B. H. (blockhouse) 
7, Lieutenant Gibbs came up with two Nordenfeldt guns. He 
went with the advance to the deposito. We remained on the 
hill until after dark, when we were ordered to the deposito. 
Arrived there at 11 p. m. tired out. 

"February 6th, Monday, at 1:30 p. m., the First Nebraska, 
Gibbs and my guns started to advance on the pumping 
station. We (the artillery) just went along with the firing 
line, and now and then opened fire on the niggers to start 
them running, and we just took the works (the pumping 
station) without losing a man, and the niggers lost eighty- 
five dead. The artillery can claim six or eight for sure and 
probably many more." 

The plain straightforward narrative of the young Lieu- 
tenant's logbook records as a mere matter of fact a most 
remarkable feat. It doubtless seemed to the brave young 
officer that it was the most natural thing in the world to 
"just go along with the firing line"; yet according to all re- 
ceived traditions of the service and all the rules laid down 
by the authorities, the place for artillery was in the rear. It 
would never have occurred to a Spanish officer, or perhaps 
any other European artilleryman, to "just go along with the 
firing line," but the American conceived that as the business 
of his guns was to kill as many of the enemy as he could, 
that the best place to do this was on the firing line. This was 
American business methods with a vengeance. 

There is not the least indication in his narrative that he 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 239 

was doing anything in the least remarkable. This is the sort 
of thing the foreign military critics call the marvelous 
^'initiative" of the American soldier. 

The naivite with which he relates that they ''now and 
then opened fire on the niggers to start them" for the benefit 
of the infantry is positively delicious. It is little to be won- 
dered at that with such novel tactics they killed eighty-five 
without loss; nor that this military innovation became im- 
mensely popular with everybody but the insurgents. The 
claim of the intrepid Lieutenant for the artillery of "six or 
eight for sure" is exceedingly modest in view of the fact that 
it did the starting and provided the targets for the infantry. 
It was such acts as this which made the Utah boys the idols 
of the Eighth army corps. 

On this occasion Lieutenant Gibbs undertook a little 
excursion of six miles with some infantry, advancing on 
Caloocan, and though surrounded by the insurgents, paid no 
iittention to a little thing like that till they were ordered back. 

It is more than probable that had the pursuit been vigor- 
ously kept up that the entire force of the enemy might have 
been coralled in the valley or scattered to the four winds of 
heaven; but in default of cavalry in view of the enormous 
obstacles to be overcome, the dangerous condition of affairs 
in the city, but chiefly on account of the impossibility of 
holding the country captured with the small force at his com- 
mand, it seemed prudent to General Otis to recall the ad- 
vance. The signal fires of the insurgents could be seen in the 
surrounding hills continually, so that the boys soon learned 
their meaning and could be prepared for their frequent sallies. 
The enemy were recovering from their consternation rapidly 
and were constructing defenses of almost every conceivable 
character between the American lines and their capital, 
Malolos. From the standpoint of approved tactics the com- 
manding General's conservatism was correct; according to 
all the rules of the schools it would have been the height of 



240 UTAH VOLUNTEERS 

imprudence to pursue scattered bands of an agile enemy at 
home in impenetrable jungles, without a commissariat, leav- 
ing the intervening country at the mercy of the treacherous 
natives, who, changing their uniforms for civilian clothes 
whenever hard pressed, would gather in dangerous numbers 
behind the advancing lines. This again is good logic and 
sound reasoning, like that of the Tagalos already analyzed, 
but it erred, just as theirs did, by failing to take into consider- 
ation facts which had never been experienced hitherto and 
were, therefore, unknown to the authorities. First is the 
character of the natives. From the naked Gadan, armed with 
bows and arrows, to Mabini and Aguinaldo, there was not one 
single patriot in our sense of the word. The leaders were 
actuated by motives of self-aggrandizement and their fol- 
lowers by mixed motives of lust of plunder and fear of their 
supposed new masters. The assertion seems sweeping, but it 
is based upon law — inviolable law — namely, that men cannot 
feel a sentiment at variance with their knowledge and past 
experience. If there is any certain truth of right reason, or 
any established fact of psychology, it is this : That sentiment 
is not the result of reason but the heriditary product of past 
experience. The Tagalo could feel enmity to the white man, 
a&pirations after surcease from oppression and cruelties, the 
least of revenge or of plunder, but definite determinations to 
found and maintain a civilized government of their own 
guaranteeing freedom, equality, protection of life and prop- 
erty and opportunity to pursue happiness he could not have, 
for the identical reasons that the Chinese, their conquerers, 
do not possess them. Any competent orientalist could have 
told the commanding General this, and he could have advised 
the Government at Washington. Possibly the commanding 
General understood that the empty talk about the Filipino 
Republic was merely a phrase with which to conjure for the 
benefit of the insurgent leaders and their American political 
sympathizers. But there were other facts which he could 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 241 

not know, such as the confident expectation of the insurgents 
that they would either defeat the American forces utterly, or 
deal them such a blow as to bring them to terms. This 
knowledge could only arise from practical experience and 
intimate acquaintance with the Malay character. Then again 
he could not be aware of the total absence of any organizing 
genius among the Tagalos which would enable one command- 
ing mind to reconstruct the scattered groups and individuals 
with sufficient promptness and vigor into any formidable 
demonstrations immediately in the country from which they 
had been so precipitately driven. 

The same law of human thought which made the Tagalos 
eager to invite disastrous defeat caused the commanding 
General to lose the opportunity to accomplish not merely a 
crushing defeat, namely, ignorance of the facts. It is per- 
fectly true that "men who do not make mistakes do not 
make war." But Generals who do not make war do make mis- 
takes — sometimes. The law is that a man cannot be ex- 
pected to take into consideration facts wholly beyond his 
experience and knowledge — a genius would. But no school 
ever made a genius. 

The week of preparation on the part of the Americans, 
accompanied by desultory skirmishing, gave the demoralized 
insurgents time and opportunity to recover from the shock 
of surprise and consternation and effect a complete and elab- 
orate system of defenses across the country intervening be- 
tween their enemy's lines and their capital. From every 
source came expressions of wonder and admiration at the 
remarkable perfection of these defenses. Every natural 
advantage was seized upon, every available vantage point 
was strengthened; nothing in the nature of time, labor, en- 
gineering skill or available material was wanting; topography 
and strategic conformation were carefully studied and skill- 
fully utilized; and in consequence an incomparable line of 
defenses were constructed in the incredibly short time over 



242 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

a stretch of country extending from the American lines north 
to Malolos. A striking characteristic of their lines of in- 
trenchments was that they were placed 800 yards apart — the 
effective range of a Springfield rifle. 

Plainly Aguinaldo, Luna and company expected to fall 
back successively until their enemy was decimated or worn 
out. This plan, together with the well-known Spanish tactics 
of reporting daily losses and discouragements of the enemy, 
was relied upon to keep up the courage of the insurgents 
sufficiently long to secure either a large bribe for the said 
A. L. & Co., or to disgust the American public and result in 
their withdrawal from the coveted Manila. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 243' 



CHAPTER XIV. 



OFFICIAL REPORT OF MAJOR YOUNG TO THE ADJU- 
TANT-GENERAL. 



Headquarters Battalion, Utah Light Artillery. 

Caloocan, P. I., February, 15, 1899. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters Second Division, 

Eighth Army Corps: 

Sir: — I have the honor to submit a report of artillery 
operations in this division since the night of February 4, 1899. 

At that date there were under my command Batteries B 
and A, Utah Light Artillery, commanded respectively by 
Captains Grant and Wedgwood. Each had four 3.2-inch B. L. 
steel rifles (model 1891) and two 57 Maxim-Nordenfeldt guns 
(1897), captured from the Spanish August 13, 1898. This was 
the only artillery in the division. 

At the opening of hostilities on the night named, I was 
directed by the Division Commander to carry out the pre- 
arranged plan. Accordingly I dispatched Captain Wedgwood 
with two 3.2-inch rifles to the Sampaloc cemetery, there to 
co-operate with the Colorado regiment; Captain Grant with 
3.2-inch rifles to Calle San Lazarus, there to co-operate in the 
forward movement of the Tenth Pennsylvania regiment up 
that street with two guns, and to leave the third gun at Bili- 
bid prison in reserve; and Lieutenant Seaman, Battery B, 
with one 3.2-inch rifle to the Caloocan road, Tondo, to co-op- 
erate with the Kansas regiment. Lieutenant Webb, Battery 



244 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

A, was stationed at the time at the Nebraska camp with two 
S.2-inch rifles. Lieutenant Naylor, with detachment, was sta- 
tioned on board the river gunboat "Laguna de Bay," in charge 
of the Gatliugs. I personally reported to the Division Com- 
mander on Calle Iris and was soon ordered to send a second 
gun to support Lieutenant Seaman on the Caloocan road. I 
conducted this gun personally to the position then occupied 
by our forces, which was about 1000 yards in advance of our 
previous outpost position. The gun was one of the Maxim- 
Nordenfeldts. These guns were served throughout the night 
from their position in the road — the only available site. A 
heavy fire was poured in by the enemy at frequent intervals 
during the night, their advance approaching occasionally to 
within 150 yards of our position. They used some artillery 
from an intrenched position further up the road, and fired 
about fifteen solid shots into our lines. One of their shots 
struck down a couple of banana trees ten feet in rear and 
immediately to the right of our right gun. Our guns used 
shell and shrapnel, most of the latter being punched at short 
ranges. Corporal Wardlaw and Private Peter Anderson were 
wounded at this position in the road while serving their guns, 
neither very seriousl3^ On the succeeding day their guns 
advanced under Lieutenant Seaman along with the firing line 
of the advancing infantry, and were served under a galling 
fire. They \^ere of great value in the charge on the insurgent 
intrenchments near the Spanish blockhouse No. 1. After the 
enemy was driven from this position, the 3.2-inch gun was 
advanced to a position on the Caloocan road opposite the 
blockhouse named on the firing infantry line. There it was 
intrenched and remained until the advance on Caloocan 
February 10th, frequently being brought into action to assist 
the Kansas regiment in repelling the insurgent attacks on 
their position. The Maxim-Nordenfeldts was moved February 
6th to a position at blockhouse No. 2, near the Binondo ceme- 
tery. The 3.2-inch gun under Lieutenant Seaman was em- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 245 

ployed during the attack on Caloocan as long as possible and 
antil it was imprudent to fire longer on account of the advanc- 
ing infantry. It would have been impossible to take the gun 
along the road at the time of the advance on account of the 
flames from the burning houses on both sides of the road. 
About 9 p. m. February 10th, however, the gun was pulled 
forward through the town of Caloocan to an advanced posi- 
tion on the Kansas line; subsequently, February 11th, the 
gun was drawn back, placed in position on the hillside near 
the residence of Mr. Higgins, north of Caloocan, so as to com- 
mand the causeway between Caloocan and Malabon. Here 
the gun, with a platoon of the Sixth Artillery and a 3.6-inch 
mortar under Corporal Boshard, Battery B, Utah Light Artil- 
lery, remained heavily intrenched. 

I am satisfied that no troops, during this advance, have 
performed more dangerous service than these detachments 
under Lieutenant Seaman in their perilous progress uj) the 
Caloocan road; too much, therefore, in my judgment, cannot 
be said in praise of their intrepidity and eflficiency. Lieuten- 
ant Seaman's detailed reijort is appended. 

Two guns of the Sixth United States Artillery, under 
Lieutenant Adrian S. Fleming, Sixth United States Artillery, 
reported for duty with the division early in the afternoon of 
February 10th, and were assigned a favorable position on 
the Montana line, with a view up the railroad track of a num- 
ber of railroad buildings in Caloocan, of a section of the insur- 
gent trenches and of a gun which the insurgents had disem- 
barked from the cars but had not prepared an emplacement 
for, the gun being situated near the railroad shops. 

During the advance on Caloocan this platoon did very 
Mccurate and effective work under a Iseavy small-arm fire of 
the enemy. The morning of the 11th the guns were moved 
to the intrenchment in Caloocan previously mentioned, where 
they now remain. 

In addition to these two guns the Utah gun and the 



246 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

mortar, a fifth gun (Hotchkiss mountain cannon, caliber 1.65) 
has been placed near the Higgins residence with a command 
of the railway track for about 2500 yards to the north. It has 
been necessary to use these guns on several occasions to sup- 
press annoying sharpshooters; in each instance their use has 
proven to be very effective. 

During the construction of the larger intrenchments at 
Caloocan Private C. S. Hill, Battery B, and Lieutenant George 
A. Seaman, Battery B, were wounded by the enemy, the 
former being shot in the back, the latter through the flesh 
of the calf, neither wound being serious. Hill was sitting 
down within the works when shot and Lieutenant Seaman 
was outside directing a party who were strengthening the 
parapet. (Detailed report of Lieutenant Fleming annexed). 

Captain Grant, with Lieutenant Critchlow and two 
pieces, advanced with the Tenth Pennsylvania regiment on 
the night of February 4th to a position near a small cemetery 
near the San Lazarus hospital. Here he intrenched and 
awaited daylight, firing during the night only a few shots as 
occasion seemed to demand. From this position he shelled 
the Chinese hospital, the Chinese cemetery and the Binondo 
cemetery, where the insurgents were making a stubborn re- 
sistance to the advance of the Montana and Pennsylvania 
regiments. Excellent shooting was done, the enemy dis- 
lodged, and the advance of the infantry rendered compara- 
tively easy. From advanced positions on the crossroad to 
the Chinese hospital at Lico, and at the Chinese hospital, the 
two guns, now supplemented by the third gun from Bilibid^ 
under First Sergeant Hines, rendered valuable aid in dislodg- 
ing the enemy from the high ground occupied by the ceme- 
teries. 

After the Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Montana regi- 
ments and the Third United States Artillery (armed as 
infantry) had with Grant's assistance dislodged the insur- 
gents from the ridges, the guns w^ere hurried forward to an 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 247 

advanced position near the Binondo cemetery, where they 
were serviceable in driving the enemy from scattered posi- 
tions beyond the infantry skirmish line. These three guns 

in 
were placed in position at an angle of the cemetery wall 

(Binondo cemetery) behind embrasures constructed and for- 
merly occupied by the Spanish. 

February 6th the Nordenfeldt from Lieutenant Seaman's 
command, with a second from the barracks manned by a 
section of Battery A, were intrenched near the Spanish stone 
blockhouse No. 2 and placed under command of Lieutenant 
Critchlow. A 3.6-inch rifle mortar was procured from the 
arsenal, Manila, and placed in position near Captain G-rant's 
3.2-inch rifles. These six guns were employed at various 
times, February 6tth to 9th, in repelling attacks on the Kan- 
sas regiment, shelling groups of sharpshooters, etc. 

The advance on Caloocan February 10th was preceded by 
thirty minutes' cannonading by the navy and the nine guns 
on the left of our position. Grant's and Critchlow's guns had 
as targets the woods in advance of the Kansas and Montana 
regiments, the insurgents' trenches near the railway track 
south of Caloocan, the Caloocan church and convent, the 
railway shops and station, the cemetery, the town generally. 
The rifle pits in advance of the town and the woods on the 
right of the open plain. Extremely accurate work was done; 
one of the best shots of the campaign was at a party throw- 
ing up earthworks at the cemetery gate, the left side of the 
gate having been destroyed at an estimated range of 2600 
3'ards by the first shell. 

Shrapnel fire was very efficacious at a range of 2000 
yards in driving back a party which advanced fearlessly from 
the right to attack a flanking party under command of Major 
Bell, United States Volunteer Engineers. 

The 3.2-inch rifles remain at the Binondo cemetery 
church, the two Nordenfeldts under Lieutenant Critchlow 



248 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

having been placed in a new position to the front of the South 
Dakota position near bloclthouse No. 4. 

Corporal Peterson, Battery B, was shot through the flesh 

•ii 

of the leg at Binondo church February 9th, (Captain Grant's 
report is appended). 

Captain Wedgwood, with two guns of his battery, 
reached Sampaloc cemetery in good time on the night of 
February 4th, the men having dragged the guns for three 
miles without assistance from any other organization. They 
took position near the Sampaloc cemetery and were con- 
stantly engaged from about half-past 5 until half-past 8 of 
the morning of February 5th, the enemy being strongly in- 
trenched and posted at ranges varying from 300 to 700 yards. 
The practice on blockhouses Nos. 5, 6 and 4 were very effec- 
tive, causing the enemy to retire in great numbers, paving the 
way for the infantry advance. The guns were served under 
heavy cross-fire, the cannoneers having little or no protec- 
tion. From personal observation I am able to concur in 
Captain Wedgwood's estimate and commendation of his men. 
I call attention to his mention of Hospital Steward Shellby 
B. Cox, U. S. A. 

Captain Wedgwood's two guns mentioned have now 
been posted on the line of the Colorado trenches about three- 
fourths of a mile beyond blockhouse No. 5. (Captain Wedg- 
wood's report is appended). 

The two guns under Lieutenant W. C. Webb were 
moved at the call to arms February 4th to their previously 
selected position at McLeod's hill, near by. These guns were 
not fired until daylight. Two field guns of the enemy were 
successively silenced, me one near the San Juan bridge being 
dismounted and overturned. 

The field of fire from this position was very large, extend- 
ing through an arc of nearly 180 degrees. 

Throughout this wide extent of country these guns were 
directed at buildings and trenches occupied by the enemy 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ]^49 

and at their strongholds blockhouse No. 7, most successfully 
in every instance, the effect being to silence the enemy's fire 
almost without exception. Gunner Corporal John Gr. Young 
was shot in the chest and died about 4 p. m. of the same day. 
Private Wilhelm I. Goodman was shot in the head and in- 
stantly killed. Both casualties occurred while serving their 
guns at McLeod's hill. 

These two guns were moved forward to the deposit© dur- 
ing the night of February 5th. Monday, the 6th, these two 
guns with two Nordenfeldts commanded by Lieutenant Gibbs 
took part in the advance on the pumping station. During 
the advance the artillery was substantially on the s*kirmish 
line at all times. The four guns were brought into action 
four times and in each instance with marked success, the 
result being to clear the way for an almost bloodless advance 
by the infantry. The enemy was not merely shelled from 
successive positions in the front of the advance, but was fol- 
lowed with shrapnel over the ridges on the flanks. The vil- 
lage of Mariquina was shelled during the evening and a num- 
ber of long-range shots at retreating insurgents on the plain 
across the San Juan. The four guns mentioned remain in 
position on the bluffs above the pumping station. The two 
Nordenfeldts have been advanced on several occasions to the 
outposts. 

Just previous to the advance toward the pumping station, 
Quartermaster-Sergeant Harry A. Young, who had passed 
his examination as assistant surgeon of the battalion, and no 
doubt had been commissioned as such by the Governor of 
Utah, who was under appointment to meet me at the deposito, 
advanced under some misapprehension into the insurgent 
lines and was killed, his remains being found about one and 
one-half miles from the deposito near the road. 

Under orders from the Division Commander the remain- 
iLg two Nordenfeldts under Lieutenant G. W. Gibbs, manned 
by one section of A battery and B Battery, moved forward 



250 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



early on the morning of the 5th to report to Colonel Stotsea- 
berg at Santa Mesa. The platoon was ordered to advance 
to the San Juan bridge under cover of a Tennessee battalion^ 
but the latter had not arrived, and with a few flanking skir- 
mishers the two guns were moved at double time down the 
500-yard slope to the bridge in the face of a heavy fire from 
the wooded slopes beyond, coming into action near the bridge 
and advancing with the infantry firing lines up the hill lead- 
ing to the deposito. The guns were handled with great skill 
and efficacy. This movement in the open view of the enemy 
under close range was one of the most bold and commendable 
of the campaign. The platoon moved to the vicinity of the 
deposito, and on the 6th took part in the advance to the pump- 
ing station as previously described. 

My own movements during the time covered by this re- 
port were as follows: 

I was present with Lieutenant G. A. Seaman's platoon 
on the Caloocan road the night of February 4th-5th; on the 
5th I spent the morning with the detachment of Captain 
Wedgwood and Lieutenants Webb and Gibbs during part of 
their cannonading, and the afternoon with Captain Grant's 
guns during the advance on the cemeteries; on the 6th, the 
morning, in replacing Captain Wedgwood's guns to conform 
to the new infantry lines, and the afternoon was present, in 
command of the artillery, during the advance from the 
deposito to the pumping station; from the 7th until this date 
1 have been almost constantly with the guns on the left of 
our position and commanded the several detachments in the 
attack in Caloocan. 

I have not the accurate figures at hand, but may approxi- 
mately state our expenditure of ammunition during the oper- 
ations above detailed to have been 600 rounds. 

In conclusion, I desire to commend most heartily and 
without distinction the officers and men in the organization 
under my command; the amount t)f labor done by them in 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 251 

dragging guns and constructing earthworks has been prodi- 
gious, and it has always been done cheerfully. All have been 
fearless. Compelled to advance along open roads, usually in 
plain view of the enemy, without the opportunity of conceal- 
ment, they have unshrinkingly served their guns. It has, 
too, been a feature of these operations that in every advance 
the guns have gone forward practically on the line of skir- 
mishers. Their willingness to work and their intrepidity 
have not been more conspicuous than the skill with which 
they have handled their guns and their accuracy of aim. 

Dr. J. S. Kellogg, battalion surgeon, has been tireless in 
his attention to the medical and surgical needs of the men. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

RICHARD W. YOUNG, 
Major Utah Light Artillery Commanding Battalion. 



First Reserve Hospital, 

Manila, P. I., February 14, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, Utah Light Artillery: 

Sir : — Following is the report I have to make of the move- 
ments of my command from February 4th to 13th inclusive: 

I was assigned with the Kansas regiment on the Caloocan 
road with one gun. After the call to arms Saturday, February 
4th, I started out with my detachment, arriving at the road 
before the troops did. I moved with them up the road about 
300 yards beyond the steam tram station, where we stayed for 
the night, protected bj^ a wall around an inclosure. You soon 
joined us with a Nordenfeldt gun. 

About 1:30 a. m. of the 5th a heavy infantry fire com- 
menced. Our guns were moved out in the open street, where 
the men worked them under a most galling fire. Corporal C. 
I}. Wardlaw was wounded slightly in the leg just above the 
ankle, and Private Peter Jensen in the thigh. Firing did not 
last long. By daylight we had intrenchments thrown up 



252 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

across the road. There was scattering firing during the fore- 
noon. 

Brigadier-General Otis directed me to move the 3.2-inch 
guns some 150 yards west into the field to clear some rifle 
pits. Three well-directed shrapnel stopped the insurgent fire. 

Before the general advance in the afternoon we shelled 
the woods in front and to the right of us. We advanced with 
the line to a small church about 600 yards further. A heavy 
fire was opened from the insurgent trenches 600 yards away. 
1 placed my 3.2-inch gun in the open street. Too much credit 
cannot be given the cannoneers, who worked the gun in a 
regular hail of bullets. 

The Nordenfeldt was directed across the lagoon to the 
left, where it did excellent work in the insurgent rifle pits. 
When the fire became so heavy that my men could no longer 
work the gun effectively, the infantry made an advance, driv- 
ing the insurgents from two lines of trenches, but they re- 
ceived orders to draw back 1000 yards because they were that 
far ahead of the line. On the morning of the 6th the lines 
moved forward to the intrenchment carried the day before 
without opposition. In the afternoon I moved my Norden- 
feldt along the railroad track to the right of the blockhouse 
No. 1, where there was an excellent view of Caloocan station 
and a portion of the insurgent trenches. We fired a few 
shots only, and when night came were ordered to return with 
the guns. Tuesday, the 7th, I moved the Nordenfeldt by a 
circuitous route about a quarter of a mile to the right, where 
Captain Grant took command. February 8th I moved my gun 
some 200 yards beyond the bridge spanning a small stream 
and fortified in the road. About 11 p. m. there was some 
ht^avy firing some twenty minutes, in which I joined. 

The next night, February 9th, was more quiet. I fired 
only three shots. 

February 10th at 3:20 p. m. I joined in the bombardment 
of Caloocan, and at dusk, after the infantry had stopped 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 258 

chasing the insurgents over a half mile beyond the town, 1 
took my gun and train up to the firing line, and by 12 :30 a. m. 
of the 11th had an embrasure and protection thrown up and 
moved my ammunition and stores back half a mile. After 
breakfast, the line where we were, being in the form of a V^ 
it was drawn back half a mile. I was joined by Lieutenant 
Fleming of the Sixth Artillery with two guns, and together 
on a hill just west of the railroad track we built Fort Mac- 
Arthur. We had to stop in the middle of our work and drop 
a few shells and shrapnel in the insurgent rifle pits to stop 
their disagreeable fire. At 11:30 a. m. Private C. S. Hill of 
my detachment was wounded in the back while sitting in the 
fort. 

During the afternoon five men from Battery B with the 
3.0 mortar joined us in the fort. The 12th was quiet. The 
forenoon of the 13th I was furnished a detail of twenty men 
by Colonel Funston of the Twentieth Kansas regiment to 
strengthen our fort and build -its walls higher. We were 
nearly through when at 11:15 a. m. the insurgents opened a 
light volley on us. I was wounded in the calf of the right 
leg. The Mauser entered on the left side and ranged down 
to the right, down and back just enough to miss the bone and 
to make the wound slight. I was removed to the First Re- 
serve Hospital, where I received every attention, and from 
which place I send the above detailed report. 
I am, your most obedient servant, 

GEO. A. SEAMAN, 
Second Lieutenant Utah Light Artillerj^, U. S. V. 



In Camp near Caloocan, P. I., February 14, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, Utah Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery,. 

Second Division, Eighth Army Corps: 

Sir: — I have the honor to submit the following report on 
the work done by my platoon of Light Battery D, Sixth Ar- 
tillery (Dyer's) since I was ordered to join the division: 



254 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

In obedience to the verbal instructions of my battery 
commander, my platoon, comprising two 3.2 field guns and a 
personnel of one officer and twenty-five enlisted men, two of 
whom belong to the Fourteenth Infantry and are attached 
to Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, was put in readiness on 
the 9th inst. At 11:25 a. m. on the 10th I was personally 
directed by the commander of the division to proceed at once 
to Ayala bridge, "where an aide would meet me and direct 
my movements. Infantry was to be there to assist in hauling 
the guns. Accordingly I left barracks at 11:55 a. m. The in- 
fantry had not yet arrived and by direction of Lieutenant 
Pegram Whitworth, Eighteenth Infantry, aide-de-camp to 
division commander, I moved on to Santa Cruz to Calle 
Dulumbayan. Upon reaching Calle Bilibid I was directed to 
await the arrival of the infantry, which reached that point 
some ten minutes later. From this infantry (First Idaho) a 
detail of twenty-eight men was made to assist the cannoneers 
in hauling the guns. At 1:25 p. m. the platoon reached the 
fork of the road leading to the Chinese church, where I was 
directed to halt and await orders. They came about half an 
hour later and were the written directions of the division com- 
mander to go forward with the bearer. Lieutenant Critchlow, 
Utah Light Artillery, who would direct me to my position, 
and as soon as my guns were in position to report to him at 
the Chinese church. The guns followed me and after looking 
at the position to which I was directed, I rejoined them and ' 
found that the infantry support was no longer with them, 
although the men detailed from it to assist in hauling the 
guns were still present. After leaving the main road it was 
found necessary to stop twice to corduroy, etc., yet the guns 
were in position and opened fire in less than four hours after 
leaving barracks. The difficulties attending their movement 
during the last mile were enormous. 

The position selected for me was near blockhouse No. 1, 
just southwest of the railroad, in the trench occupied by part 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 255 

of the First Montana Volunteer Infantry, and commanded 
the railroad towards Caloocan. The visible field -of fire was 
limited to the railroad, the station of Caloocan and part of 
the railroad shed located near the station. Lieutenant Critch- 
low gave me the range of the sheds as 1700 yards and showed 
me the approximate position of an insurgent gun quite near 
them but not visible. He also informed me that the insur- 
gents had a trench 200 yards nearer my position and on my 
left of the railroad. 

About 3:20 p. m. Captain Sawtelle, A. Q. M., U. S. V., 
arrived and informed me that the Division Commander de- 
sired me to open fire as soon as possible and that I need not 
report to him as I had been directed. At 3 :25 p. m. I opened 
fire with shell on the station at Caloocan and on the railroad 
shed nearest the track where I had been told the gun was 
located. The results were good and the range quickly estab- 
lished at 1600 yards. The insurgents made no response. Their 
gun (afterward found a little to the left of the designated 
position) was never fired. About 4:05 the infantry advanced 
and with it went the Montana company, whose commanding 
officer I had been informed was to act as my support, so that 
I was left with no support whatever. 

Just before the advance I fired, very much at random and 
at close range, several shrapnel into the dense woods begin- 
ning about 250 yards in front. These shots, however, at least 
developed the position of the insurgents. The firing at once 
became general and I located the trench occupied by the in- 
surgents on the left of the railroad. Two shots gave me its 
range as 1000 yards and one or two more silenced its fire. I 
then ceased firing at points nearer my position than the 
station, as our infantry was rapidly advancing, but continued 
to throw projectiles into the station and such of the adjacent 
buildings as could be seen from mj- position. Just at this time 
Captain Sawtelle again visited me and, informing me that the 
town of Caloocan extended for some considerable distance 



256 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

beyond the station, directed me to throw shell and shrapnel 
beyond that point. This was at 4:30 p. m. At 4:40 I ceased 
firing and at 4:50 the most advanced of the infantry were ob- 
served at the station. 

The Idaho detachment which had assisted in hauling the 
guns was attached to a Montana company when I was in- 
formed that a company of the First Montana Volunteer In- 
fantry was to act as my support. These men advanced with 
the Montana regiment, and afterward rejoined their own reg- 
iment. 

At 5:30 p. m., all firing having ceased, I reported to the 
Division Commander at the Chinese Church, and was direct- 
ed by him to send an immediate request to the First Brigade 
Commander for a support. Upon my return to my platoon, I 
met the Chief of the Artillery of this Division, who instructed 
me to supplement my request for support with one for orders. 

About 10 p. m. two companies of the First Idaho Volun- 
teer Infantry, commanded by Major Figgins, arrived, and I 
received the Brigade Commander's orders to use my own 
judgment as to whether the guns should be moved forward 
at once or at daybreak. I considered the task impracticable 
in the darkness, and moved forward at a few minutes past 6 
O'clock the following morning, finally taking the position 
now occupied by my platoon. 

The thorough skill of the gunners. Sergeant Pharius, Cor- 
poral Miller and Acting Corporal Jones, all of Light Battery 
D, Sixth Artillery, is evidenced by the number of shots taking 
effect in the targets in the vicinity of the station of Caloocan. 
I counted twenty unmistakable hits — practically all the 
shots fired at them. In the trench above referred to were 
found the bodies of eight or ten insurgents, and infantry offi- 
cers who saw them informed me that they were unmistakably 
the victims of shrapnel. 

The ammunition again proved all that could be desired, 
yet it is remarkable that one building in which was stored a 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 257 

quantity of lumber, barrels, etc., whicli was struck by at 
least half a dozen shell that exploded in it, was not set on fire. 

About 8:30 a. m. on the 11th inst. I received orders from 
the Brigade Commander to move my platoon forward to the 
firing line. This order reached me at Caloocan church, where 
I had been directed to halt and await further instructions. 
Upon arriving on the line, the Division Commander directed 
me to report to Captain. Grant, Utah Light Artillery, who in- 
dicated to me the position my guns were to occupy. I at once 
began extending the epaulment, already commenced in front 
of a gun of the Utah Light Artillery by its commander. Sec- 
ond Lieutenant Seaman, Utah Light Artillery, so as to secure 
the greatest field of fire possible. This work has been 
strengthened from day to day until it is quite a formidable 
field fort. It was located in its present position in order to 
enable the Utah gun referred to to sweep the approach to 
Malabon, but for fire to the northeast and for more effective 
cover it is a little too far down the slope of the hill on which 
it is situated. 

During the afternoon of the 11th inst. an annoying fire 
was kept up on the fort and adjacent trenches from the nearer 
suburbs of Malabon, but a few shrapnel from my two guns 
and Lieutenant Seaman's quickly silenced it. 

I also endeavored to get the range to the Cathedral in 
Malabon, but it was found impossible to observe the effect of 
the shells from my position. Since then this range has been 
(juite accurately determined, and I am of the opinion that the 
.shells fired at the Cathedral fell a little short of it and be- 
yond a large building about 500 yards this side of it, where 
their bursts could not be seen. 

Several times small bodies of insurgents have annoyed 
us by long range firing, but one or two shrapnel has each time 
caused them to desist promptly. Yet a member of the Kan- 
sas Volunteer Infantry who was assisting in the construc- 
tion of the fort was slightly wounded in the hip by it. Pri- 

10 



258 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Tate Hill of Lieutenant Seaman's section was struck in the 
back b}^ a spent ball and slightly wounded, and yesterday 
morning Lieutenant Seaman was shot through the calf of the 
leg while superintending the strengthening of the work. I 
now have command of his guns as well as my own. 

In addition to the three field guns referred to, there is 
a 3.6 mortar (field) under the immediate charge of Corporal 
Boshard, Battery B, Utah Light Artillery, located in the fort, 
and a 1.65 Hotchkiss occupies a position near the division 
headquarters, and is manned by men of my detachment. This 
gun commands an insurgent position of unknown character 
about 1800 yards distant on the railroad. 

In the action of Friday last I had command of two guns 
and twenty-five cannoneers — ten of them being attached from 
the Fourteenth Infantry. The men were under a heavy fire 
for nearly an hour. At one side of the battery Captain Hill, 
First Montana Volunteer Infantry, was wounded within a 
few feet of the guns, and on the other side a wounded Cor- 
poral was shot a second time as he climbed the bank from the 
railroad some six feet from my left gun. Yet my command 
suffered no casualties. 

All did their full duty and all did it promptly, accu- 
rately and well. Very respectfully, 

(Signed) ADRAIN S. FLEMING, 

Second Lieutenant Sixth Artillerv. 



De La Lonia, near Manila, February 14, 1899. 
Adjutant-General Department of the Pacific and Eighth 

Arm}^ Corps: 

Sir: — I have the honor to make the following report of 
the part taken against the insurgents by Light Battery B, 
Utah Light Artillery, commencing on 4th inst. 

At 10 p. m. February 4th, Major Young ordered me to 
send Second Lieutenant Seaman out on the Caloocan road 
with one 3.2 inch gun, and to take three 3.2 inch guns to 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



259 



Bilibid prison, leaving two Nordenfeldt guns at the bar- 
racks. Having complied with this order I arrived at the 
Bilibid prison and was ordered to leave one gun there, and 
to proceed out Dulumbayan road with two guns. I reached 
the little cemetery, one hundred yards north of the Lazaro 
hospital, finding that our outpost had been drawn in to that 
point. I had the first section tear down two houses that ob- 
structed our view and build an emplacement for their gun, 
and ordered First Lieutenant Critchlow to construct an em- 
placement for No. 2 gun in the field to the right of the ceme- 
tery. 

With the exception of an occasional shot to keep down 
the enemy's fire, we waited for daylight, and having meas- 
ured the exact distance of my field maps to the Chinese hos- 
pital, the Binondo church and graveyard, I opened fire and 
was not long in driving the enemy out of the above places. 
From my position one gun completely covered the advance 
of the Tenth Pennsylvania and Montana Infantry until they 
reached the cemetery. Then I limbered up and Sergeant Hines 
having arrived with No. 3 gun, I advanced with the three 
pieces. After going 300 yards the burning houses fired by 
infantry compelled me to wait about twenty minutes. Upon 
reaching the fork of the road I turned to the Chinese hos- 
pital and advanced 400 yards, where I was in plain view of 
our infantry- in the flat to my left. Here we encountered a 
heavj' infantry fire, gave the command action left and com- 
menced firing at the Chinese and Japanese cemeteries. After 
firing about thirty minutes Major Bell reported some of our 
infantry in a close place beyond the Chinese hospital, and 
asked me to move up. This request I complied with, after 
sending First Lieutenant Critchlow out the Lico road with 
one gun to assist Col. Wallace, who had me ask for help. 

I advanced with two guns 300 yards north of the Chinese 
hospital from which position the guns shelled the woods 
to the eastward across the front of our infantry, making it 



260 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



possible for the right wing of the Tenth Pennsylvania and 
the South Dakotas to advance (as they did) with small loss 
in killed or wounded. 

I then changed the direction of fire toward the Loma 
church and continued firing until our infantry was within 
two hundred yards of it. In the meantime First Lieutenant 
Critchlow had been shelling the cemetery further to the left 
with splendid results, his gun being planted on the Lico road. 
As the Tenth Pennsylvania approached the church from 
in front and the South Dakotas from the east, I limbered up 
and moved forward, being joined by Lieutenant Critchlow 
at the Chinese church; continued to a point two hundred 
yards north of the above mentioned building, halted and 
shelled the woods to our left and in front of the Third United 
States Artillery and Twentieth Kansas, until ordered to cease 
firing by Major Young. I was then ordered to advance my 
three guns to the Loma cemetery. On the 9th inst. one Nor- 
denfeldt and one section of my battery and one Nordenfeldt 
gun with fifteen men from Battery A were ordered up and 
placed in position to the left of the blockhouse No. 3. First 
Lieutenant J. F. Critchlow was placed in command of the 
platoon by my order. 

Frida}^, the 10th, these five guns shelled the woods in 
front of the Kansas Infantry and also Caloocan, continuing 
the firing until compelled to cease by the advance of our 
infantry. 

Yesterday, February 13th, I moved the two Nordenfeldt 
guns under command of Lieutenant Critchlow from block- 
house No. 3 to a position 1200 yards east of Loma church and 
in front of the left battalion South Dakota Infantry. 

Corporal Peterson, who was shot through the leg on the 
10th inst., is the only man with the above named sections 
who has been wounded. 

First Lieutenant J. F. Critchlow, non-commissioned of- 
ficers and men under my command deserve great credit, not 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



261 



only for their fine gunnery but for tlie cheerful way in which 
they pulled their six-horse guns and ammunition to the front, 
part of the time under fire, and up hill, keeping up on the 
firing line. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
(Signed) * F. A. GRANT, 

Captain and Brevet Major Commanding Battery. 



In Camp near Blockhouse No. 5, Philippine Islands, Feb- 
ruary 15, 1899. 
Major Young, Commanding Utah Light Battery: 

Sir: — In obedience to your telegraphic instructions of 
February 14th, I have the honor to report upon operations 
to date. 

On the night of February 4th at about 10:30 o'clock, in 
obedience to your order and in accordance with the pre-ar- 
ranged plan, in case of an attack, I left Curatel Meisic, tak- 
ing sections one and two of Battery A, consisting of about 
thirtj^ men and seven non-commissioned officers, and pro- 
ceeded to Sampaloo cemetery; the men taking with them 
blankets, ponchos and rations for about two days. These 
with the two hundred matting sacks were loaded upon the 
gun and limber; drag ropes were attached to the guns and 
they were hauled to the cemetery by our own men, the dis- 
tance being approximatel^y three miles. We came up with 
Company L, First Colorado, at the position known as the 
''Colorado Reserve," and followed in their rear to the ceme- 
tery. The gun of the second section was placed in position 
at the northeast corner of the cemetery within the wall, the 
gun of the first section on a line with it about two rods to 
the right and outside the wall, in order to command the 
country Ij^ing to the left. Sand bags were immediately filled 
and placed so as to afford some slight protection at No. 1 
gun. At the time these positions were taken the heavy fir- 
ing had ceased, and I received instructions from General Hale 
to retire with the guns to the reserve before daylight. About 



/ 

2g2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

3:30 o'clock Sunday morning, February 5th, the insurgents 
opened fire which was heavy and continuous for perhaps 
twenty minutes, but as the night was too dark to admit of 
sighting the guns or judging distance with any accuracy, 
their fire was not returned by us. At 4:45 we started to 
move No. 1 gun to the rear "to the gate in the east wall of 
the cemetery. The noise apparently attracted the enemy's 
attention and they at once commenced firing heavily, and 
from that time on the firing was practically continuous until 
the close of the engagement at that point, about half past 
eight o'clock. After establishing No. 1 gun at the gate of the 
cemetery, the old Spanish earthworks there were strength- 
ened somewhat by sandbags. Orders were then received 
from General Hale to hold our positions. At daylight we 
opened fire on blockhouse No. 5 and both guns were iu ac- 
tion from that time until 8:30 o'clock. During the action 
No. 1 gun was moved inside the cemetery to a position about 
two rods to the left of No. 2 gun, and a portion of the ceme- 
tery wall knocked down to enable this gun to be used; this 
movement was made in order to gain command of the coun- 
try to the left. Four companies of the Colorado Infantry 
occupied a position a little in front on a line with our guns 
to the right, and one company of the regiment and the South 
Dakota regiment a similar position on our left. The enemy 
occupied a deep slough or swale, a perfect natural protec- 
tion and defense three hundred yards distant, and block- 
house No. 5 five hundred yards distant to our front; a native 
village and stone church three hundred yards distant on our 
right, and a strong position under large trees seven hundred 
yards distant on our left. Blockhouse No. 4 was about twelve 
hundred yards distant on our left. Our fire was directed 
mainly at the positions of the enemy at the trees, their line 
along the slough, blockhouse No. 5, and the stone church and 
native village, and some few shells were thrown at block- 
house No. 4. I think I can say our fire was effective, that it 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



263 



caused large numbers of the enemy to retire from their posi- 
tions during the engagement, and properly paved the way 
for the charge of the Colorados, which was made at half 
past eight o'clock. 

After the enemy's position was taken by the Colorados, 
several shots w^ere fired at blockhouse No. 4 and the trees be- 
fore mentioned, prior to the advance of the South Dakota 
regiment. 

We expended sixty-three rounds of ammunition, about 
equally divided between shrapnel and percussion shells. We 
had none of our detachment killed or wounded. 

Of our men, each and all of them, I can speak in terms 
of highest praise; every duty was performed properly, cheer- 
fully and well, and until the trees, stone church and native 
village were shelled they were out under a heavy cross fire 
from both the right and left, as well as under fire from front, 
all the time with no protection above the hips. 

The charges of the Colorado troops was made under my 
personal observation, and of the judgment used and courage 
displaj^ed by Colonel McCoy and his gallant officers and men, 
too much in the way of commendation cannot be said* 

I desire to mention Shelb^y B. Cox, a hospital steward 
of the regular army stationed at Corregidor; he reported to 
me and joined our detachment on Calle Iris on our why to 
the cemetery. On the way out he procured bandages and 
other necessities. He remained with us until Monday morn- 
ing, February 6th; throughout the engagement he was unre- 
mitting in his efforts to render aid to the wounded, exposing 
himself to heavy fire in the early part of the engagement, 
and following the charge of the Colorados across the open 
field. 

On Monday, February 6th, at 1:30 p. m., together with 
all the Colorado regiment, we advanced to a point about 
three-quarters of a mile beyond blockhouse No. 5 to the point 
we now occupy. The guns are planted on the crest of the 



264 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

hill about 150 yards distant from each other; one command- 
ing the country to the north, the other to the east. Both 
are fairly well protected by earthworks. We have shelter 
tents, a comfortable camp and plenty of good water. We 
have on hand 96 shrapnel, 162 percussion shell, 216 charges 
of powder. I have at this point twenty-eight men and six 
non-commissioned officers; at blockhouse No. 7 First Ser- 
geant Nystrom, Corporal Rogers and two enlisted men in 
response to your telegram to Captain Grant this morning 
by him forwarded to me. I have detailed Corporal Hesburg 
to instruct infantrymen in the use of the Hotchkiss gun at 
the "Deposito," at which place he now is. I have on hand 
sufBcient transportation to move me a short distance with 
the exception of one bull. (I have the cart.) If a move is to 
be made over a rough country, I would like for that purpose 
at least two bulls and carts, preferably four. Respectfully, 
(Signed) E. A. WEDGWOOD, 

Captain Commanding Battery A, Utah Artillery. 



Waterworks, February 13, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, Commanding Utah Volunteer Artillery, 

Caloocan, Philippine Islands: 

Sir: — In accordance with your telegram of this date I 
have the honor to report the following operations of the 
third platoon of Light Battery A, Utah Volunteer Artillery, 
from February 4th to date. 

At the call to arms the guns were immediately placed 
in the positions assigned to them on McLeod's hill. The rest 
of the night was spent in digging gun pits and building 
breastworks — most of the time under infantry fire. 

My orders were to open fire as soon as I could find any- 
thing to open fire on. 

At daylight Sunday the enemy opened a heavy rifle fire, 
and a few minutes later they began to fire with two cannon — 
supposed to be smooth bores. The cannon fire was quickly 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



265 



silenced (later it was found that the gun on the San Juan 
bridge was dismounted and the carriage smashed). 

Later in the morning the other gun opened up again 
but was soon silenced. Infantry fire was seen coming from 
several large buildings. The shell fire was directed against 
all of these and the enemy's fire ceased. 

Shrapnel fire was then sent against the San Juan bridge 
and several other places along the line of the enemy where 
the fire seemed heavy. I was then directed to shell block- 
house No. 7. About ten percussion shell were fired at it, 
all seeming to take effect. 

In this action the platoon fired: Shrapnel, 23; percus- 
sion shell, 58. Loss: Killed, Gunner Corporal John Young 
and Cannoneer W. T. Goodman. Wounded: None. 

At 9 p. m. received orders to move to the Deposito; ar- 
rived there about 11 p. m. At 1:30 p. m., Monday, advanced 
with the command consisting of the First Nebraska and 
Second Platoon Light Battery A to the waterworks. During 
this advance the artillery was with the skirmish line and 
opened fire three times on the road and once on the water- 
works. 

The Artillery was then ordered into position on the hill 
near the stone blockhouse. At sundown General Hale or- 
dered the village of Mariquina shelled. About eight shells 
were thrown into it. 

On this day the platoon fired: Shrapnel, 21; percussion, 
20; total, 41. Loss: None. 

Since that time no change has been made in the loca- 
tion of the platoon and no firing has been done. 

All the enlisted men behaved splendidly under fire, and 
at all times did their duty to the very best of their ability. 
Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) WILLIAM C. W^EBB, 

Second Lieutenant Utah Volunteer Artillery, Commanding 

Platoon. 



2g() UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Waterworks, February 15, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, Commanding Utah Artillery, U. S. V.: 

Sir: — In compliance with your message of 14th inst. I 
have the honor to report the operations engaged in by that 
part of the battalion placed in my charge. On the 4th inst. 
was left in charge of barracks. On the morning of the 5th 
but two sections remained in quarters, section four of Bat- 
tery A and section six of Battery B. By your orders at 8:4.5 
a. m. these two sections were ordered to report to Colonel 
Stotsenburg, First Nebraska, U. S. V. I took command of 
the two detachments and arrived at the First Nebraska at 
9:45 and reported to Colonel Stotsenburg, who immediately 
advanced the platoon towards the San Juan bridge. The 
Tennessee regiment was ordered to support us but failed to 
come up on time; the Colonel asked me if I would advance 
without them; I replied that I could defend my own front 
if he would place a few men on the flanks. This arrange- 
ment being satisfactory, the platoon advanced at double time 
under a severe infantry fire, taking position on the bridge. 
We opened fire on the enemy and fired advancing until the 
enemy broke and the infantry charged, driving them out 
of that vicinity. We advanced to the storage station of the 
waterworks where Brigadier-General Hale took command 
and placed the platoon in position four hundred yards be- 
yond the station. We remained in position until 5 p. m., 
when the platoon was ordered to return to the station for the 
night. I was ordered to return to the position occupied by 
Lieutenant Webb on McLeod's hill and informed him to re- 
port with his platoon to the waterworks immediately. Lieu- 
tenant Webb arrived at 11 p. m. and packed his pieces with 
mine. 

February 6, 1899 — Did not move until the following or- 
der was promulgated by Colonel Stotsenburg: 

Extract (C.) "The Artillery will advance between the 
Second and Third Battalions, First Nebraska." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 267 

Immediately on receipt of the above order the two pla- 
toons took position in the order prescribed, you in person 
taking command of the artillery. We had proceeded but a 
short distance when the insurgents opened fire on our troops. 
All four guns took position and opened fire on the insurgents, 
who shortly retired. The advance was resumed; Lieutenant 
Webb's platoon went forward, I remaining in position to 
cover the advance until you notified me to advance and re- 
sume my position in column. Action was resumed at inter- 
vals, firing and advancing until the blockhouse above the 
X)umping station was reached, where we took position, and 
under direction of Brigadier-General Hale bombarded the 
village across the San Mateo river. Bested on arms until 
daylight when a large body of insurgents were seen moving 
towards Pasig. We fired two shots with 3.2-inch piece by 
order of Major Mulford. They showing white flags, ceased 
firing. 

February 7, 1899 — By direction of field orders No. 3, the 
following will be the disposition of First Nebraska and Utah 
Battery : 

First — Two platoons, Lieutenants Gibbs and Webb. Utah 
Battery, will build gun banks at place indicated. 

By verbal order of Colonel Stotsenburg the work was 
discontinued at noon. Rested on arms until the 8th at 3 p. m. 
Received orders to maintain lookout, keep two days' travel 
rations on hand and complement of ammunition. 

February 9th — Ordered by Colonel Stotsenburg to cover 
his line while scouting on the east side of the river. Pre- 
pared ford for crossing pieces. 

February lOtli and 11th — Rested on arms. 

February 12th — Colonel Stotsenburg gave verbal order 
to have platoon of rapid-fire guns ready for an immediate ar- 
vance in case his reconnoitering party w^as fired on. Detach- 
ments la}' by the pieces from 10 p. m. until 3 a. m. of the 
13th inst. 



2g8 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

February 13th and 14th — Strengthened gun emplace- 
ments. Rested on arms. 

Casualties: None with my detachments. - 
Very Eespectfully, 

GEORGE W. GIBBS, 
First Lieutenant Utah U. S. V. 



Note. — The copy of this report from which the foregoing- 
pages were prepared was loaned to the editor by Governor 
AVells and has been copied verbatim, literatim et punctuatim. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ' ; 269' 



CHAPTER XV. 



r ' 1 BATTLE OF LA LOMA. 



Whatever may be the criticism made in regard to the 
failure to pursue the flying insurgents after their disastrous 
defeat on February 5th, little fault can be found with the 
campaign which the commanding General planned and exe- 
cuted for the movement on Malolos. 

Mr. John T. McCutcheon, the staff correspondent of the 
Chicago Record, has given an account of the transactions of 
the week which General Otis had allotted for the capture of 
the '^rebel capital," which is so brilliant and accurate that it 
is worthy of a place in permanent history. He writes: 

"Our army had been waiting a long time for the move- 
ment. The soldiers were eager and impatient to be on the 
march. Our trenches were a mile beyond Caloocan and ran 
in a zigzag line to the Chinese cemetery near La Loma and 
on to the water deposito at Santolan. For weeks the soldiers 
had sweltered in the trenches waiting for the time to come 
when they could climb out into the open and assail the insur- 
gents in the long screen of bamboo a mile to the north. Every 
day there was a little shooting, but nothing approaching a 
serious fight had taken place. The Kansas troops played 
baseball behind their earthworks and the insurgents shot at 
them. Occasionally the game would be interrupted long 



270 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

enough for a couple of volleys or a shrapnel shell just as a 
reminder, but the game would be resumed almost immediately, 

''English naval officers from the 'Powerful' visited the 
trenches and looked with amazement at the reckless daring 
of our troops. But weeks of this inactivity bred impatience 
and every soldier wanted the order to start in. They didn't 
care whether there were 3000 or 30,000 insurgents peeping 
over the trenches before them, just so the mysterious delay 
at headquarters would end, and the commanding officers give 
the word for the charge. They felt that a desperate struggle 
awaited them the moment they rose from their trenches and 
moved out in the broad open paddy (rice) fields which lay be- 
tween the two forces. 

"The second division, under General MacArthur, which 
guarded the north of Manila and numbered over 10,000 men, 
was to attempt to pen the insurgent force at some point where 
it would be powerless to flee and where it would have to make 
a decisive stand. The plan contemplated a decisive battle,^ 
and it was thought that this could be arranged at Polo, a 
strong insurgent position about twelve miles north of Manila. ■ 
The First and Second Brigades, under Brigadier-Generals 
Otis and Hale, were to swing in a long sweep like a giant arm, 
with Loma church as its axis, folding the insurgents into 
Polo and preventing their retreat to the eastward and north- 
ward. Then the Third Brigade, under General Wheaton, 
would advance from the south and by a joint attack from the 
south and east, with support from the river gunboats on the 
west, the insurgents would be trapped. The first object of 
the movement was to capture the main force of the insurgent 
army. The second was the taking of Malolos, the Filipino 
capital. The first and prime object was doomed to fail, but 
the second was accomplished after six and a half days of 
magnificent fighting, which included such gallant battles as- 
took place at the Tuliahan bridge, the swimming of rivers 
under heavy fire, the bloody advance across the field at Polo^ 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 271 

the charge of the Nebraskans through San Francisco del 
Monte, the taking of Malinta, the deadly ambush at Gui- 
guinto bridge and many other superb exhibitions of reckless 
courage. 

"On March 23rd and 24th every man that could be spared 
from Manila was hurried on to the front. Fresh rations were 
distributed, wagon trains got in readiness, hospital and am- 
bulance corps stationed back of the lines, and the hurry of 
final preparations was apparent everywhere." 

The special report of Major Young upon the action of 
the 25th is given in its entirety without any corrections or 
alterations of any kind: 

Headquarters Utah Light Artillery, 

Manila, June 4, 1899. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters Second Division, 

San Fernando, P. I.: 

Sir:— Pursuant to telegraphic instructions from the Divi- 
fiion Commander, I have the honor to submit the following 
supplementary and more extended report on the action at the 
road crossing on the Tuliahan river March 25, 1899. 

The General, accompanied by his staff, a platoon of 
Battery B, Utah Artillery, under First Lieutenant John F. 
■Critchlow, a platoon of Light Battery D, Sixth United States 
Artillery, under command of Second Lieutenant Adrian S. 
Fleming, Sixth Artillery (both platoons being under my com-' 
mand as chief of artillery of the division), and troop of the 
Fourth United States Cavalry, under command of Major 
Rucker, had halted temporarily at a small church on the road 
from Cabalahan to Malinta to enable the General to re-estab- 
lish his lines, the component regiments of which having tem- 
porarily failed on account of the density of the timber and 
undergrowth to keep in close touch with each other. Lieu- 
tenant Whitworth of the staff had been sent forward along 
the road with a message having this purpose in view and was 



272 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



fired on by a part}'^ of insurgents intrenched at the river 
crossing. 

Having reported this to the General, the latter sent for- 
ward a detachment of dismounted cavalrymen from Troop — 
under Captain Wheeler and Lieutenant Batson. The detach- 
ment advanced in skirmish order and was soon heard to be 
heavily engaged. After the firing had continued for about a 
half hour, Major J. F. Bell, II. S. V., who had gone forward 
with the detachment for the purpose of observation, sent an 
orderly back to the General asking for reinforcements. The 
former stated that no other troops were then available, but 
on my request to take a gun with Lieutenant Davis's auto- 
matic gun to the front, the General directed the orderly to 
ask Major Bell to report whether these guns could be used. 
The latter rode up at the time for the purpose of requesting 
that a gun be sent to the aid of the hard-pressed soldiers. 

In order that this report may the more easily be under- 
stood, I will undertake to make the following rough sketch 
of the scene of action: 




UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 273 

The banks of the Tuliahan river where intersected by 
the road were from fifteen to twenty feet in perpendicular 
height. The abutments of a former bridge remained, one on 
either bank of the river; but a very steep and sidelong road, 
passable only for light caromattas and little used, crossed the 
chasm a few rods above the dismantled bridge. The Filipinos 
had made a strong breastwork of stones and earth on the right 
abutment, and had so arranged a heavy steel bridge beam 
over the top of the breastwork as to leave a continuous loop- 
hole or slot from which the opposite approaches might easily 
be commanded. Adjacent to this approach, and just below it 
in the stream, was a boiler and engine house, said to be the 
pumping station for the Malabon or Polo waterworks. With 
a few feet interval, still lower in the stream, began a field- 
work of semi-permanent character, about 200 feet in length 
along the river. The exterior and interior slopes were sus- 
tained by bamboo wickerwork. A slot about six inches in 
vertical height at the interior slope and flaring to about 
eighteen inches at the exterior ran from end to end. Above 
was a layer of earth about two feet in thickness sustained by 
bamboo flooring. 

Upon receiving the order to take the guns, I instructed 
Lieutenant Critchlow to order his leading piece forward, and 
for Lieutenant Davis to come. Advancing a few hundred 
yards we came to the top of a small hill on the other slope of 
which the bullets were falling thickly. Halting the guns 
until the ground might be reconnoitered, I rode forward with 
Major Bell. No available position could be found near the 
crest of the hill, and we rode well forward to the bottom of 
the hill, where I selected a position which commanded an 
excellent view of the intrenchment across an open field and 
furnished a slight screen of underbrush in a row of bamboos 
for the guns and personnel and a ruined stone foundation as 
shelter for the mules. 

The enemy's work was scarcely 100 yards distant. While 



274 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



selecting the site Captain Sawtelle appeared on the ground 
and remained with the detachment until the enemy was dis- 
lodged. 

The guns were brought down by Lieutenants Critchlow 
and Davis at a rapid gait. A bamboo fence was cut through 
and the 3.2-inch rifle run in and unlimbered near the stone 
foundation and the mules speedily placed under cover. The 
piece was run forward by hand through the rough intervening 
space, obstructed by banana trees and other plants, to a posi- 
tion behind the screen. 

Under my instruction the 3.2-inch rifle was loaded with 
percussion shell and both it and the Colt's automatic were 
directed to aim at the slot in the hostile fieldwork. Firing 
was opened simultaneously and was continued as rapidly as 
possible on the part of the field piece and continuously by the 
Colt's until the former had discharged three shots, when the 
enemy was seen to be evacuating the intrenchment. We then 
followed them up the hill with shrapnel and the automatic 
gun fire, with apparent telling effect. After our first shots 
the insurgents, who had been pouring a murderous fire into 
the woods with a view of controlling the road, redoubled 
their exertions and apparently devoted their chief attention 
to our position, which, on account of our using smokeless 
powder, they could not definitely locate, but which, on ac- 
count of the nearness of the explosion of our guns, they were 
able accurately to approximate. The bullets fell in a storm 
at and around our position, but fortunately, almost miracu- 
lously, in view of the absence of bullet-proof cover, no one 
was hit. 

At Major Bell's information that the enemy still re- 
mained in the engine house and bridge head, we limbered 
the gun and ran it to a position near the cavalry, where these 
positions were visible. One shell was fired into the boiler 
house and the remnants of the defending force dislodged. 

The cavalry, when I first saw them, occupied a position 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS, 275 

scarcely seventy-five yards from the enemy. This is the posi- 
tion vrhich I understood they had occupied from the begin- 
ning of the engagement. 

An inspection of the works showed that two of our shells 
had struck the floor of the slot, exploding at the interior face 
with disastrous results, and that the third had struck the 
exterior face but had failed to perforate the wall, which was 
about ten feet in thickness. The effectiveness of the cavalry 
lire may be judged by the fact that the steel beam referred to, 
forming a gap to the bridge-head, which was about twenty 
feet in length and eighteen inches in height, was struck by 
no less than ninety Krag-Jorgensen carbine bullets. 

If I may be permitted, I desire to commend as worthy of 
special recognition for bravery and efficiency Major Bell, 
Captains Wheeler and Sawtelle and Lieutenants Critchlow, 
Batson and Davis. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

R. W. YOUNG, 
Major Commanding Utah Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery. 

Mr. McCutcheon resumes: 

"On the evening of March 27th Manila was almost de- 
serted. The word had passed that the action would begin at 
daybreak on the following morning. General MacArthur was 
at Loma church with his staff and the brigade commanders 
were at their places. 

"Along the northern limits of the churchyard ran the 
American earthworks, with occasional emplacements for 
artillery, and across the open field beyond, screened by bam- 
boo, runs the first of the insurgent trenches. 

"When daylight came it came with a rush. Everything 
was in readiness and everybody was waiting the boom over 
on the right that was to mark the beginning. The Kansas 
troops were in the trenches on either side of La Loma, with 
the Third Artillery on their left. To the right of the Kansas 



276 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

and extending away over to the extreme right were the fol- 
lowing regiments in the order named: First were Colonel 
ICessler's Montana men, then Colonel Hawkins's Pennsyl- 
vanians, then Colonel Frost's South Dakotas, and on the ex- 
treme right Colonel Stotsenberg's Nebraska troops. Between 
the Nebraskas and the South Dakotas were the Fourth Cav- 
alry acting as support, while General Wheaton's brigade, 
consisting of the Twenty-second regulars, the Second Oregon 
volunteers and part of the Third Infantry, were in the 
trenches to the extreme left. The last named brigade was 
not intended to advance with the first movement, but were 
to be held in reserve to protect the trenches. Two guns of 
the Utah battery under Lieutenant Critchlow were posted 
just in front of Loma church, and two guns of the Sixth Ar- 
tillery under Lieutenant Fleming were away to the right. 
Major Young of the I'tah battery Avas in command of the 
entire artillery force. 

THE ADVANCE. 

"Soon after daylight a line of brown figures came from 
the clump of trees along the trench to the right of the church 
and advanced slowly out into the open. At about the same 
time the Kansas and Third Artillery were seen deploying out 
into the open. Away off to the right came the sound of one 
of our heavy guns, and a moment or so afterward the rattle 
of Springfields in the bamboo groves that screened the first 
movements of the extreme right from those who watched on 
the breastworks at Loma. A thin haze of smoke rose from 
the treetops, and the regular sound of volleys became general 
along the right. During the first few minutes the insurgent 
trenches remained quiet, and the long line of the Third and 
Kansas and Montanas had advanced nearly half-way across 
the open before there came the sound of the popping Mausers. 
A continuous line now extended entirely across the field, a 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 277 

line nearly two miles long, every man separated from his 
neighbor by at least three paces. The right had reached the 
open, but the Nebraskas were still further beyond. The vol- 
leys had become incessant, and a long gray haze hung over 
the firing line. Over in the bamboos that marked the enemy's 
I>osition the answering fire was steady and deadly, and there 
appeared gaps in our firing line and the hospital corps, with 
their Chinese litter-bearers, were carrying off heavy burdens 
from the wake of the advancing column of brown figures. 

"There was no impetus rush or charge. Our advance 
was more like the slow, remorseless moving of the tide, un- 
swerving, implacable and terrifying. When those fearful 
volleys came from the hidden enemies ahead, a dozen gaps 
would appear, but the line went onward, neither faster nor 
slower, but just as resolute and relentless as before. 

"This advance from the trenches, extending from Loma 
church, was one of the grandest exhibitions of courage one 
could ever see. The admiration which I may have felt for the 
American soldier before this morning was increased to a de- 
gree of wild enthusiasm. What the insurgents must have 
thought when they saw that giant skirmish line stretching 
across the fields and coming toward them with a grim deter- 
mination which their volleys and volleys of Mauser bullets 
could not even momentarily stay, can be imagined. 

OCCASIONALLY WOULD HALT AND FIEE. 

"Occasionally one of our regiments would halt and fire 
and then go on. Along the line there were volleys running 
back and forth, as the various companies paused and fired, 
so that the crashes were almost incessant. Away over on the 
right it could be seen that the troops were almost to the rebel 
trenches. With the sound of the musketry came sounds of 
cheering. How that noise makes the blood leap in battle! 
It is said the Filipinos are stricken with terror when our men 



278 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

begin to cheer,* and those cheers that came across the broad 
paddy fields told that our soldiers were chasing the insur- 
gents from the trenches. Directly in front of Loma church 
the rebels were sticking to their earthworks with desperation. 
Their trenches at this place ran with the direction of the 
tress, which gave them a V shape. It was here that the Third 
Artillery met such a terrific cross-fire from the front. For 
nearly 2000 yards this superb body of men marched under a 
withering fire, but they never paused to answer it. It was. 
not until they had approached to within 600 yards that they 
opened up, and the accuracy of their fire drove the insurgents 
out of their positions and sent them rushing back to the next 
line of defenses. But the Third had suifered fearfully. They 
lost thirty-four killed and wounded in that advance, which 
was nearly 10 per cent of their whole number, but they won 
a proud record for bravery and discipline." 

POLO. 

Next day the advance to Molinta was made in single col- 
umn along the road. The heat was fearful, not a breath of air 
stirring in those dry, stifling bamboo thickets. When the 
edge of the woods was reached the silent brown figures noise- 
lessly took their places on the firing line. The hush of the 
grave hung over the thicket. In front stretched a wide field 
across which could be seen the figures of the Tagalos. Sud- 
denly the rattle of Mauser bullets among the dry bamboos 
announced that the Americans were discovered. 

The same eyewitness continues: 

^'The Kansas men deployed out to the right and tlien the 
Third Artillery pushed out of their curtain of foliage and be- 
gan one of those slow, relentless walks across the open. Then 

*A1 ready attention has been called to the fact that the aim of the insurgents 
■was to terrify by noise. This is characteristic of all savage and semi-savage people. 
In their battles with the blacks the British find ground-rockets more eflective than 
bullets. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 279 

the Kansas men started out, and with the long line of men 
stretching for nearly a mile along our front the Americans 
swept across the field in the face of a continuous chorus of 
Mausers. 

''It was another Loma charge, although not quite so ex- 
tensive. Then our men began firing volley after volley, as the 
distance between them and the insurgents diminished. The 
artillery was hurried forward — the woods were reached and 
the troops charged into them. Beyond the woods the great 
field surrounding Malinta and Polo unfolded to view. To the 
northward was Polo station, and hundreds of insurgents 
could be seen taking positions around it and retreating to- 
ward it from the woods where we now were. Malinta lay 
before us along the road on which we were, the old church 
which surmounts the rise looking grim and suggesting resist- 
ance of desperation. Major Young shelled the Polo railway 
station at a range of 3000 yards, and we could see the shells 
sending up great clouds of dust in the midst of the hurrying 
figures of the enemy. Then our firing line came into view on 
the right, advancing toward the path of the Utah shells. 
Then the rush began for Malinta. Dead and wounded insur- 
gents were found here and there, telling a grim story of the 
effects of Krags and Springfields. 

"Up from the south came General Wheaton with his 
brigade. There were heavy bomb-proof intrenchments along 
the railway track, these guarding the southern approach to 
Malinta and the fields lying to the south. A desperate fire 
had greeted the appearance of the Twenty-second regulars 
as they charged these trenches, and Colonel Egbert of that 
command was killed in the outset by a rifle bullet. Trench 
after trench had to be charged before reaching Malinta. The 
rebels held out splendidly, reserving their fire until the 
Americans were close upon them, and then poi^ring out an 
extremely hot fire and continuing the fire unti^ the bayonets 
were within a few yards of them, when they broke and ran. 



2§Q UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

A number were captured and nearly 100 were killed. The in- 
surgents then retreated to Malinta, and, panic-stricken, fled 
to the north toward Polo, three miles away. 

"After a long consultation an advance was ordered. 
Eeconnoitering parties had found strong earthworks just be- 
yond the Polo railway station. The station had been burned, 
either by the insurgents when they retired or by one of the 
shells from the Utah gun. The railway takes a sudden turn 
to the right from Polo station. An open field about two miles 
long runs from Malinta to beyond the station and the trees 
which mark its northern limits strike the track in such a way 
that a sort of V-shaped wedge is formed. Across this V, 
reaching from the railway to the trees, was a heavy line of 
earthworks nearly 200 yards long. The insurgents were in- 
trenched there in considerable numbers waiting the Ameri- 
cans. The right wing of the firing line, composed of the 
Montanas, Pennsylvanias, South Dakotas and Nebraskas, 
were ordered to take this trench. The action was entirely 
on the right of the railway track. The Third Artillery and 
Kansas troops were on the left. 

"The advance and capture of this position was splendid 
work. The British Consul, Mr. Eamsden, who watched the 
charge, was wild with enthusiasm and admiration. 

" 'Magnificent, magnificent. Listen to those volleys. See, 
they're never stopping.' 

"But the rebels' fire, hot as it was, was not enough to 
stop the men who charged them. The line went on, delivering 
volley for volley, never pausing until they had jumped on the 
earthworks and taken the trench. The rebels fled to the 
woods to the right and were escaping in the cover of shelter. 
Our troops waded in after them, chasing them off to the 
north. Again there were those rousing cheers that had 
marked the charge of the first day's opening fight. 

"Polo, to the left of the track, was burning, filling the 
sky with gigantic volumes of smoke and roaring and cracking 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 281 

with the explosion of bamboo. The fire expands the air in the 
bamboo, and when the expansion becomes great enough the 
bamboo bursts with a loud pop that sounds something like 
a Mauser report. 

"The firing line did not pause long at Polo, but kept push- 
ing onward after the insurgents. The Kansas troops and 
Third Artillery came up and occupied the captured trenches 
at Polo, acting as reserve, while the rest of the firing line ad- 
vanced. The rebels were driven back to the Meycauayan 
river, which they crossed and made a stand on the north side 
of the stream. They tried desperately to prevent the railway 
bridge being taken and put up a desperate fight. 

''The insurgents held their ground as long as possible, 
but the infantry fire and the shells of the artillery finally 
drove them out, and our troops crossed the river, some swim- 
ming and others going over the bridge. A great many insur- 
gents were killed there. Thirteen were found in one bunch 
near the bridge, and many others lying in bunches all along 
the position where the rebels had made their stand." 

On the bloody field of Polo ninety dead bodies of the 
enemy lay. It was a magnificent victory, but it had cost 
dearly — thirty-nine dead and 277 wounded. Beneath the 
shadows of a Christian church lay the corpses of the men 
who had crossed half a world to die for the salvation of those 
who slew them. 



282 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. i 



CHAPTER XVI. 



CALOOCAN. 



(By First Lieutenant George W. Gibbs, Battery A, U. S. V.) 

ADVANCE OF THE AMERICAN FOECES AND BOM- 
BARDMENT OF MALABON, MARCH 23, 1899. 

I received orders to i)roceed on the following day from 
Balie Balie, where I had been stationed with the First platoon 
of Battery A, to Caloocan, and there relieve Lieutenant Flem- 
ing of the Sixth Artillery with his two guns. I arrived at 
Caloocan about 6 p. m. of the 23rd and was saluted by a hot 
rifle fire from the insurgent infantry, wounding one of my 
Chinese litter bearers, before we could get under cover. I 
halted the command in rear of the Caloocan church and pro- 
ceeded alone to Fort MacArthur to find the best route to 
approach the fort. Under cover of darkness I moved the 
guns quietly to the position ordered, Lieutenant Fleming va- 
cating at the same time. 

On the 24th I made everything secure as possible 
and was informed that the advance would be made on 
the following day. Was directed by Major Young to re- 
ceive orders direct from General Wheaton, who instructed 
me as to when to open fire. I had the two guns, 3.2 of Bat- 
tery A, one 3.2 of Battery B, one 3.6 mortar with detachment 
of Battery B, one Hotchkiss revolving cannon commanded 
by Corporal Dusenberry. About 2 o'clock that night the 
insurgents in the direction of Malabon opened up by firing 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 283 

some Chinese bombs, following the discharge with loud yells 
jind volleys from their Mausers. We paid no attention as the 
instructions were not to bring on an engagement unless they 
should advance. The insurgents kept up their fireworks 
about an hour when the firing ceased. Our men were up 
early the next morning getting their coffee and breakfast and 
making ready for the day's w^ork. They had just finished 
when firing commenced on our extreme right. I could hear 
Naylor's and Critchlow's guns and as that was my signal to 
commence work in Fort MacArthur, the gun detachments 
fell in and I gave the order to load. The command was to 
^'fire by battery," and when the guns went oft" the insurgents 
thought we had blown up our fort and jumped on their 
trenches and yelled. The next discharge of the pieces made 
them realize that the Americanos were doing business and 
they disappeared from sight; but commenced a hot rifle fire 
into our embrasures. About this time the mortar was mak- 
ing it very uncomfortable in their works and they began to 
move out, which subjected them to a hot shrapnel fire from 
our guns. The advance was ordered and the Oregons on my 
left and the Kansas on my right went over the entrench- 
ments and commenced to advance. At this time General 
Wheaton instructed me to bombard the barricades on the 
Malabon road where the insurgents were delivering a wither- 
ing Mauser fire. Sergeant Kneass and Corporal Backman 
placed some excellent shots which caused the fire to cease. 
I was then directd to bombard Malabon, which was done un- 
til the insurgents ceased operating at that place. The ad- 
vance having met with resistance at the railroad bridge. Gen- 
eral Wheaton sent for two guns, which were forwarded with 
Lieutenant Seaman in charge; also directed Corporal Dusen- 
berry to report with his Hotchkiss detachment to the Oregon 
regiment. They were in action under a hot fire but soon 
caused the insurgents to retire; remaining in position over 
night, they were ordered to return to Fort MacArthur the 



284 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

next day. The morning of the 26th the insurgents fired their 
barricades, burned the greater part of Malabon and evacu- 
ated that town, which was immediately garrisoned by the 
Fourth infantry. Our guns remained at Fort MacArthur, 
supported by the Third and Fourth Infantry until ordered to 
San Fernando in June. / 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 285 



CHAPTER XVII. 



MARILAO. 



The third day of the advance on Malolos, March 27th, 
opened still and hot, lil^e those which had preceded it. Re- 
sitsance was met with all along but the event of the day 
was the battle of the Marilao. Finding the enemy entrenched 
in force in front of them the South Dakotas proceeded to 
clear them out. ''How the Dakotas dashed into the teeth 
of those trenches is a matter of history which ought to make 
South Dakota forever proud of this regiment." The Third 
Artillery were warmly engaged on the left firing with their 
Krag-Jorgensens across the Marilao river. At 3 p. m. the 
river was still uncrossed. Captain Bell and five men of the 
Third Artillery were engaging a large force of the enemy 
on the opposite bank all by themselves. The Kansas boys 
far down the river were infllading the foe. The Utah guns 
were throwing in shells, the Colt gun was getting in great 
work, the Kansas men were firing in on their flank and the 
artillery and Pennsylvanians were a few yards in front, keep- 
ig up an incessant fire. Retreat was impossible. In a very 
short time a small boy appeared on the rebel side of the river 
with a white flag. Twenty-three rebels gave themselves up 
and several corpses were found in the trenches, with four 
very badly wounded men. 

This was the first instance where a rebel force had sur- 
rendered. A little further down the river Colonel Funston, 



2gg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

with the Kansas boys, was busy with another force of Fili- 
pinos, who were making a strong resistance. 

Then followed a thrilling incident which must have as- 
tonished the natives, which is related as follows by Mr. Mc- 
Cutcheon : 

''The Colonel noticed a raft moored on the rebel side of 
the river, evidently used by the rebels in shifting their troops 
back and forth, and asked for volunteers to swim across un- 
der fire and bring the raft, in order to effect a landing in the 
face of the enemy. Lieutenant Hardy and two of company 
H stripped and swam across with a rope, which they tied to 
the raft, and, in spite of the enemy's fire, tliey brought the 
raft back to the American side of the river, and thence to and 
fro until the regiment had crossed. Colonel Funston counted 
thirty-six rebels killed or so badly wounded as to be unable 
to move". 

The Americans crossed the river and took positions on 
the north side along the railroad and in woods to the right. 
Everything seemed quiet; the town of Marilao had been set 
on fire by the insurgents and there seemed little likelihood 
of immediate hostilities. The boys started in promptly chas- 
ing pigs and chickens for supper and began lighting their 
camp fire. Then followed a unique incident; for the first 
time the enemy attempted to charge in the open. Evidently 
they had grown weary of hiding in their trenches, being 
charged and running away, and either supposed there was 
some occult magic in the American method of making war, 
or had been persuaded to try the experiment by their leaders. 
About 5:30 p. m. they emerged from the woods, two miles 
to the north, formed a line about a mile long and began 
to advance a la Americano. Just as they reached the middle 
of the field opposite the Third Artillery, who were replying 
to their volleys, the Nebraskas broke from the thicket on the 
enemy's left and started at them with a yell. In the mean- 
time the Montana and Kansas men had crossed on pontoons 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 287 

and were advancing on the enemy's left. In a minute more 
they broke wildly and scampered back. 

This settled it and the boys resumed their pig-catching 
after the slight interruption. 

The following special report of Major Young details the 
account of the batteries: 
Headquarters Second Division Eighth Army Corps, Office of 

Chief of Artillery, Manila, June 10, 1899. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Headquarters Second Division: 

Sir: — Having been requested by the Division Com- 
mander to furnish him a special report on the use of the ar- 
tillery in the engagement at Marilao, I have the honor to sub- 
mit the following: 

'^On the morning of April 27, 1899, I was ordered to take 
position with the artillery in the advance from Meycauayan 
to Marilao, immediately in rear of the leading battalion of 
the Kansas regiment. The artillery under my command at 
that time consisted of one platoon of Battery B, Utah Light 
Artillery under command of Lieutenant John F. Critchlow, 
one platoon of Dyer's Light Battery Sixth Artillery, under 
command of Lieutenant Adrian S. Fleming, and one Colt's 
automatic gun, under command of Lieutenant Cleland Davis, 
U. S. N. The advance was ordered at about 11 a. m. We 
proceeded along the wagon road about 500 yards in rear of 
the Kansas battalion, which moved out in column of fours, 
but was soon afterward deployed to the left of the road. The 
other battalions of the Kansas regiment were immediately 
in our rear in column. We had moved forward less than a 
mile when the infantry engaged with the enemy 800 or 1000 
yards to our front. I rode forward with Lieutenant Davis to 
reconnoiter the ground with a view to ascertaining if the 
guns could not advantageously be employed. Upon reaching 
the rear guard we dismounted, leaving our horses in the tim- 
ber and walked out into the open field in search of Colonel 
Funston or the other officer in command. The battalion was 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



entirely deployed and engaged quite actively with the en- 
emy entrenched on the other side of the Marilao river. Some 
of our troops advanced to the bank of the stream and found 
it to be deep and unfordable, and w^ithout bridges or boats. 
Major Metcalf, then in command brought his battalion back 
a distance of five or six hundred yards and withdrew them 
under cover, having suffered a number of casualties during 
the advance. Meanwhile Colonel Funston appeared and a 
consultation followed as to the best means of carrying the 
position. He stated that he believed he might be able to get 
possession of several rafts which had been seen on the op- 
posite side of the river if the insurgent fire could be kept 
down while making the attempt. I told him I would order 
Lieutenant Davis with the automatic gun to a position on the 
road as near the enemy's trenches as practicable if he would 
detail a company to assist. The offer was immediately ac- 
cepted, and Captain was ordered to perform the 

duty. Lieutenant Davis with his detachment and gun im- 
mediately proceeded up the road and with a platoon of Cap- 
tain 's company crept into a very secure position, 

screened by vegetation and protected by the raised roadbed 
from the enemy's trenches not more than seventy-five yards 
distant across the stream. Major Metcalf's battalion was im- 
mediately deployed and advanced to a renewal of the attack. 
I went forward to look for a gun position and found and ad- 
vantageous location under a native hut, which commanded 
a full view of the trenches scarcely sixty yards away, with a 
slight screen of vegetation but entirely without protection. 
I immediately sent orders to Lieutenant Critchlow to bring- 
up one of his guns, leaving the mules well under cover down 
the road. The order was promptly complied with and the 
gun was run into the position selected, the limber being left 
in the road hidden from the view of the enemy by the trees 
along the roadway." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



289- 



The following is a rough sketch from memory of the 
scene of action: 




"I instructed Lieutenant Critchlow to fire as rapidly as 
consistent with accurate aiming at the trenches on the op- 
posite bank of the river with both shell and shrapnel, and 
to devote some attention to the open country, slight glimpses 
of which could be gotten through the trees bordering the 
stream. The insurgent trench, though but a comparatively 
short distance away, was scarcely visible, being dug into the 
ground and the dirt therefrom scattered over the adjoining 
space without at any time raising it into a conspicuous par- 
apet. The Colt's Automatic gun and the platoon of infantry 
were vigorously employed during our firing and served to 
make the enemy extremely inaccurate in aim. The fire being 
kept down so successfully I sent back ordering up one of 
Lieutenant Fleming's pieces, but was informed soon after- 
ward that Major Bell, who had been upon the ground previ- 
ously, had upon his own responsibility ordered a second gun 

of Lieutenant Critchlow's platoon forward. Upon its arrival 
1 1 



290 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

both guns were run into the road and forward beyond the in- 
tervening timber to the bank of the river where several shots 
were directed at the insurgent trench at the point of the river 
directly opposite and from forty to fifty yards distant. After 
three or four shots delivered from the position at the road^ 
three or four white rags tied to sticks or guns were shoved up 
above the insurgent trench. A few minutes before this event 
a part of a Pennsylvania regiment and a few men from the 
Third Artillery had taken position on the same bank of the 
river as ourselves, and were firing vigorously at the opposite 
trenches. Upon the appearance of the white flags firing im- 
mediately ceased along our front at this point and the in- 
surgents were told in Spanish to stand up, an order which 
they conformed to with apparent reluctance. Lieutenant 
Coulter of the Pennsylvania regiment with one of the en- 
listed men of that command stripped and swam the river and 
gathered the guns and other arms of those who surrendered. 
In the meantime quite a party of insurgents scampered out 
of the trench back into the woods and escaped. At about the 
same moment Lieutenant Coulter reached the trench, Colonel 
Funston and a squad of men from his regiment emerged from 
the trees to the left and rear of the insurgent position, having 
crossed on a raft lower down the stream. About twenty-five 
men surrendered. Many of those who had been in the 
trenches at the point of the river and all who were in posi- 
tion above or below that point had escaped soon after the 
guns opened. 

"The arch of the stone bridge over the confluent imme- 
diately to the right of our firing position had been destroyed 
and it was impossible for us to cross until the engineers had 
constructed a bridge. About half past four in the evening 
we moved forward to a position south of the Marilao river 
not far from the railway track, the infantry with the excep- 
tion of the Montana regiment which was in reserve having 
crossed the river on the railway bridge and being deployed 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 291 

into their several positions and engaged in making camp for 
the night. At the moment of reaching the camping ground 
the enemy advanced in considerable force in an extended or- 
der upon an infantry line. It was impossibe on the south of 
the river to find a position from which the enemy could be 
seen. Having been forward to our infantry lines I felt satis- 
fied that the artillery might be brought into battery and used 
advantageously by firing over the screen of bamboos three 
or four hundred yards to our front. This I directed and we 
fired nearly thirty shells over the heads of our troops, who 
were invisible at the invisible enemy at ranges from 2000 to 
2500 yards. It was gratifying to learn that several at least 
of the shots thus fired under diflSiCulties had fallen directh^ 
into the ranks of the attacking party. 

"I have mentioned and desire to mention again the in- 
telligent and fearess service rendered on this occasion by 
Lieutenants Critchlow and Davis. Very respectfully, your 
obedient servant, 

(Signed) '^E. W. YOUNG, 

"Major U. S. V., Chief of Artillery." 



292 ! UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



GUIGUINTO. 



On Wednesday, the 29th, the Americans were once more 
on the march to Malolos. The first encounter was at the 
Bocaue river, but did not amount to much or last long. There 
lay ahead of the advancing forces the Guiguinto river, where 
a determined stand was expected. The peculiar situation of 
the bridge approaches made the natural defenses extremely 
strong. Some hurried attempts had been made to destroy 
the bridge, but it was not sufficiently damaged to prevent the 
xVmerican troops from crossing. Here occurred the first indi- 
cation of confusion or indecision on the part of the American 
troops, and one of the grandest displays of coolness and cour- 
age on the part of the Utahns on record. The Pennsylvanias 
had crossed in columns of fours and were forming a skirmish 
line in the open; the Kansans were just beginning to do the 
same; the four remaining regiments were waiting their turn 
to cross. 

Mr. McCutcheon thrillingly describes the situation thus: 
"He (General Hale) had barely spoken these words when 
the whole stretch of forest to the north and the woods to the 
right burst into a fearful crash, and the railway track where 
we were standing and the bridge behind us were swept by a 
storm of bullets. It sounded like a swarm of bees. The 
bridge was jammed with the troops that were crossing and 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 293 

the rebels had the range. All their fire converged to that 
point and it could be seen that many men were being hit. A 
thousand yards up the track there was a little stretch of 
breastworks visible where it left the woods and met in the 
cut. From this point a fearful fire was coming. As quickly 
as possible all who were on the railway track got down in the 
excavations on either side, where there was protection from 
the crossfire, but absolutely none from that which came from 
directly in front. The bullets were ripping through the grass 
and bushes lining the track and were popping into the earth 
on every side. The Kansas troops who had not already ad- 
vanced to the open field were lying flat along the ground in 
the ditch. Officers were shouting and cursing on the bridge, 
telling the men to hurry down to some protection. It was the 
first evidence that I had seen where the men seemed to lose 
their nerve and were looking for some place to go to protect 
themselves. As it was, they were massed, hundreds of them, 
on the bridge, where it was impossible to answer the enemy 
and where they felt absoluteh^ helpless. 

"Out in the open field the firing line was down behind 
the rice ridges waiting for orders, but none came. 

"For fifteen minutes the insurgents kept up their fire, 
with almost no response from our side. Four of our men had 
been killed and thirty-three wounded. It was the hottest and 
most disastrous action, considering the time it occupied, of 
any fight that occurred during the week. The sight witnessed 
was unparalleled in the annals of war. 

"Then the troops, after what seemed to be hours of delay^ 
began answering. Major Young and Lieutenant Critchlow, 
of the Utah battery, with their men, dragged one of their 
heavy guns across the railway bridge amid a terrifying fire, 
and advanced it along the track. Lieutenant Davis, with a 
little Colt gun, took a position near by and the two pieces 
directed their fire on the barricade up the railway. After 
shelling the woods in advance a few minutes the insurgent 



294 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



fire ceased. It is hardly to be wondered at that such artil- 
lery work as this has filled the military world with amaze- 
ment and made the chief of artillery, Guig, and his command 
the idols of the Eighth Army Corps. 

The division halted for the night to the surprise of the 
soldiers, who were disgusted at the idea of "leaving them 
niggers in their trenches." It was the first time such a thing 
had been done .and the boys felt as though they were being 
defrauded somehow, but with American practicability they 
started in to chase pigs and chickens for supper. 

He concludes: "An hour later Young, Critchlow, Bass 
and I were sleeping soundly in the ditch beside the railway, 
a big artillery tarpaulin under us, some ponchos over us, and 
a cool drizzle of rain cooling the lacerated wounds inflicted 
by the ferocious Guiguinto tribe of man-eating mosquitoes.'' 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. £95 



CHAPTER XIX. 



MALOLOS. 



The morning of the 30th dawned clear, bright, hot and 
still upon the little army at Guiguinto. Malolos was but five 
miles away up the railroad. The scouts had reported no en- 
emy within two miles of the lines and a silent and cautious 
advance was begun. Slowly and steadily the soldiers moved 
forward, feeling their way, pausing and listening at times — ■ 
through dense woods, bamboo thickets and over all manner 
of formidable obstacles. An intense excitement pervaded 
the soldiers — the excitement of expectation. It was rumored 
and generally believed fhat Aguinaldo meant to stake his all 
on his stand at Malolos ; that he had modern cannon, machine 
and rapid-fire guns, impregnable earthworks and barricades, 
and that he meant Malolos to be MacArthur's Waterloo. Line 
after line of splendid intrenchments were taken and passed 
with no resistance worth mentioning, until within sight of 
Malolos. The troops encamped that night in sight of Malolos 
and the battery boys threw themselves down anywhere for a 
good rest in preparation for the hot work which surely await- 
ed the artillery in the morning. 

Mr. McCutchen says: "Very early in the morning the 



296 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



troops were moving about and preparations were being made 
for the great day. The guns of the Utah battery and Sixth 
Artillery were in their emplacements down at the edge of 
the woods and about 3000 yards from the trench crossing the 
railway track and about 4000 yards from Malolos, over to the 
left of the track. MacArthur assured himself that every com- 
mand was in its place and then gave the word for the artillery 
to begin. Shrapnel and solid shell were showered into the 
trenches and over toward Malolos. There was a vigorous an 
snappy answering fire from the insurgents. For half an hour 
or until nearly 7 o'clock, the artillery kept pounding away, 
and then ceased. The bugles along the line sounded the 
thrilling 'attention' and then the 'advance' or 'forward.' 

"The line swung into the open and we expected to see 
them mowed down. It had been said the insurgents had ar- 
tillery in Malolos, some being rapid-fire Maxims, and that 
with Aguinaldo Malolos meant 'do or die.' The soldiers to 
the riglit struck some resistance, having one man killed and 
fourteen wounded, but there was no boom of rebel cannon or 
the tremendous volley firing that was expected. 

"On the left the Kansas troops were moving cautiously 
along toward Malolos itself, the railway being three-quarters 
of a mile east of the city. Trenches were seized with no op- 
position, and it began to look as though the rebels were either 
up to some trick or else had fled. No smoke was seen in Mal- 
olos, and that demonstrated that the insurgents were prob- 
ably still there. 

"On went the Kansas men until in the outskirts of the 
place. Aguinaldo's headquarters were visible down the 
street. Absolute quiet prevailed, not a soul being seen. Ma- 
jor Young, of the Utahs threw two shells into an old stone 
building that looked like a fort, but there was no sign of the 
insurgents.. It was concluded the city had been evacuated. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



297 



Then a thin column of smoke was seen rising from Agui- 
naldo's headquarters." v 

A feeble stand was made hj a handful behind a stone 
barricade across a street, but they fled at the charge of Col- 
onel Funston and his advance line. The enemy had evidently 
deserted and applied the torch to his capital. 

So fell the ephemeral capital of a meritricious republic: 
premature offspring of old world tyranny and new world 
liberty, on the last Good Friday of the nineteenth century. 
Was it a special providence or a mere coincidence that, upon 
the day of the year which has been consecrated for 1900 years 
to the idea of vicarian atonement, that doctrine should have 
received its highest expression and grandest fulfillment 
"since the son of God died for the sons of men?" 

What means it, and why is that strong large form lying 
stiff and cold beneath this Good Friday's sun, his white face 
staring with sightless open orbs into the blue vault of a 
tropical sky? A stranger in a strange land, at the other side 
of the world, who has come to "give his life, a ransom for 
many?" How out of keeping gleams that white brow amid 
the wild riot of tropical greenery! How foolish it seems that 
he should be there! They will lay his youthful form beneath 
the soil of a far off land and his dust will mingle with it, and 
he will be forgotten. The world will turn as ever on its axis, 
the sun shine on the scene as of old, and the sweep of human 
life flow on, but "the individual withers and the world is 
more and more." 

But some sun will rise upon that scene, when the holy 
cause of human liberty for which he bled and died shall 
reign beneath the Stars and Stripes which he follows; a sun 
which shall chase the reluctant shadows of militarism and 
priestcraft from that fairest face of nature and the thrall- 
dom of that effete civilization whose emblem was of blood 
and gold shall give place to the rule of that new humanity 



QOfi UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

where tricolor stands for liberty, equality and fraternity for 
all tlie sons of men. Upon his headstone let this be placed: 
"An American Volunteer, aged 18. He gave his life a ran- 
som for many — Good Friday, 1899." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



299. 



CHAPTER XX. 



THE BAG BAG. 



April Fool's day, 1899, found MacArthur's troops in un- 
disputed possession of the rebel capital. April 23rd (Sunday) 
Major Bell's scouts having unexpectedly developed the pres- 
ence of the enemy at Quingua, came near being entrapped 
and underestimating the strength of the enemy, had sent 
back for reinforcements, which came up in time but not in 
sufficient force. It was finally decided to charge and drive 
out the enemy. 

"Major Mulford realized that this would be a hard and 
costly thing to do, so he sent back for another battalion of 



ViA3htilu^ 



.■-WT-ra<..J.i?:.^,{l?,°:^... 







i^mL *£-f'' tff^n^S'^Diuiiun 



Nebraskas and asked that some guns of the Utah battery be 
hurried out. The Nebraskas or Fourth Cavalry did not return 
the insurgent fire at this time. There were four companies in 
that battalion, and they were lying in the bamboo grove 
gaining what protection the clumps of trees afforded. This 
protection was not adequate, for two men were wounded in a 



300 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



very few minutes. One was sitting behind a log with only 
his head and neck exposed and a Mauser bullet struck him 
in the neck and lodged behind his ear, inflicting only a flesh 
wound. 

"Out in the open rice field, fifty yards from the edge of 
the grove, was a high rice ridge which was long enough to 
afford good protection to part of the battalion while waiting 
the arrival of the Second Battalion and the artillery. So two 
companies were sent out to occupy this place, and, except for 
the discomfort of being in the sun, they were comfortably 
and safely located. The other two companies remained in the 
grove availing themselves of as good protection as could be 
had. The Fourth Cavalry troops went across the road to the 
left and took a post in a small ravine, where they were pro- 
tected from the bullets and where they could cut off any flank- 
ing attempt on the part of the rebels. 

"General Hale in the meantime had ordered two bat- 
talions of the lowas forward away over on the right, and 
these troops now began to engage the fire of the insurgents. 
A steady and continuous fire was being exchanged, but the 
lowas were being held in position untijt the artillery would 
arrive. They were not allowed to rush the enemy, but were 
pouring in volleys from a rather long range, which had the 
good effect of holding the rebels in their trenches, although 
probably not inflicting much damage to them. 

"The Hotchkiss gnu with the Nebraskas was taken back 
beyond a turn in the road where it could not be seen by the 
insurgents, and then taken across into the woods beyond. In 
this way the enemy's fire, which would undoubtedly be drawn 
to it the very minute the first volume of smoke burst from it, 
would not be drawn into the grove where the infantry was, 
and the gun would not have to fire over our own troops. 

"The gun was placed in position next to a little mound 
of earth, behind which the gunners could go after each dis- 
charge. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3()[ 

^'The two companies out in the open field were by this 
time almost baked by the furious heat of the sun, which beat 
down upon them. They had been exposed for over an hour, 
and some were showing signs of exhaustion and heat prostra- 
tion, A Sergeant came back and reported that the men were 
suffering and asked to be allowed to withdraw them. Major 
Mulford told him that there was insufficient protection in the 
grove for that many men, and he felt that if they got into 
the trees they would relax their caution, taking concealment 
to be protection. He thought they would be in greater danger 
in the grove than in the protection of the rice ridge, even 
however, to withdraw them, and ordered the Sergeant to 
have them return one by one, in order not to precipitate 
an unnecessary fire in the crowded bamboo thicket. The 
Sergeant returned, but the men decided to stay where they 
were, and made no attempt to reach the shade. 

"Then the Hotchkiss was opened on the trenches. That's 
the sound that cheers the soldier, for the minute the artillery 
opens he knows that the 'amigos' begin to lose heart. The 
gun was used steadily for over half an hour, but the insur- 
gents stuck tight to the trenches, striking back viciously with 
a Mauser volley every time the gun was fired. Then the Sec- 
ond Battalion came, and soon afterward General Hale, and 
close behind four guns of the Utah battery under Major 
Young. The latter were posted across the roadway- near the 
Hotchkiss, two companies of the newly arrived battalion were 
advanced into the open field to join those along the rice ridge, 
and the remaining company stayed in the woods. 

"Major Mulford brieflj^ explained the situation, and Gen- 
eral Hale assured him that he had done right in ordering for- 
ward the battalions of the Nebraskas. In the meantime Hale 
had the last two battalions of the Nebraska and Iowa regi- 
ments on their way to the front. 

"When the artillery had opened and the three-inch shells 
were screaming across the open field Colonel Stotsenberg 



302 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



rode up, having just got off the train at Malolos. He heard 
*■ there was fighting out toward Quingua and that his regiment 
was in it, and as fast as a horse could carry him he had ridden 
out. It was then after 11 o'clock, and the fighting had been 
going on for several hours. On reaching the field he dis- 
mounted and walked out into the open field toward the ex- 
treme right of his command. It was at this time that General 
Hale decided to withdraw the Nebraska men from the sun 
until the artillery had finished the shelling and until the time 
would be ripe for a charge across the open. He had just 
ordered Major Mulford to carry this message when he noticed 
that the men who had been crouching behind the rice ridge 
had risen and were rushing forward. The troops in the trees 
were running out to join the line that was sweeping across 
the field. Stotsenberg was leading them, but whether he 
gave the order to charge, or whether the mere sight of him 
coming out on the field was the inspiration for his men, I 
don't know. It is true, however, that he no sooner was seen 
by his regiment than they dashed forward. 

" 'They're not withdrawing. They're advancing!' shouted 
General Hale as he saw them. 'Go and bring them back.' 

" Til try. General,' responded Major Mulford, 'but after 
they get started it's mighty hard to stop them.' 

"Mulford raced out after the long stream of brown fig- 
ures, but they had advanced half across the field before he 
reached them. He saw Colonel Stotsenberg over to the right 
running forward — the men had been advancing in short 
rushes, one company firing while the next one went forward 
fifty yards, and then the latter stopping to fire a volley until 
the former had advanced— but now they were all rushing and 
cheering wildly, with not a stop or pause. It was a cyclone 
of soldiers that would have been as hard to stop as a stam- 
pede of cattle. Major Mulford knew that it would be impos- 
sible to stop them and that a withdrawal at that time would 
have been disastrous both in its moral and physical effect, so 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3Q3 

he yelled 'Forward!' and joined the men as they stormed the 
trenches in the teeth of a gale of bullets. It was all over 
quicker than it takes to write it. The Filipinos fled, terror- 
stricken, back over another line of trenches, through the town 
and across the river, while the lowas poured volley after 
volley into them as they ran. 

"It was one of the most gallant and thrilling charges of 
the war, but what a deadly one it was. Colonel Stotsenberg 
lay out in the open field with a bullet through his heart. 
Lieutenant Sisson was killed in the same way. The wake of 
the charge was strewn with men who had gone down, and 
many of those who were in at the finish carried wounds that 
stained their garments with blood — but still they had kept on 
in a fever of enthusiasm." 



304 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



CALUMPIT— THE SEPULCHER OF THE AMERICAN 

ARMY. 



General Luna never doubted for a moment that the 
American troops would never force the passage of the Rio 
Grande. He had intended this to be the sepulcher of the 
American army. General MacArthur's division had been ly- 
ing inactive at Malolos since April 1st, although General 
Lawton was conducting a brief but brilliant campaign south 
of Manila. The capture of the rebel capital had resulted in 
nothing more than driving them farther north. Plenty of 
time had been given them in which to fortify themselves as 
thoroughly as possible. General Luna had improved this 
opportunity by erecting on the north side of the Rio Grande 
at Calumpit the most formidable fortifications yet encount- 
ered. He had 5000 civilian laborers continually at work tear- 
ing up the tracks of the railroad and constructing superb in- 
trenchments, rifle pits, etc. The trenches were roofed over 
with the rails torn from the roadbed to protect their men 
from the artillery. The ridge across had been destroyed and 
it must have seemed impossible to the rebel commander for 
any body of men to storm his trenches or drive out their de- 
fenders. In addition, he had a muzzle-loading cannon and a 
machine gun. Between the Bag Bag and Rio Grande rivers 
there is a distance of one and a half miles. It was not ex- 
pected an attack would be made on the heavy defenses of the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3Q5 

Rio Grande for at least two days. The common belief was 
that the entire artiller^^ stvength would be moved forward 
from the Bag Bag some time on the 27th and a lierce bom- 
bardment begun, after which it was hoped that troops could 
be gotten across. TuA-ariably the insurgents have been un- 
able to endure for very long the explosive shells and shrapnei 
of our heavier guns, and they have a mortal dread of our ma- 
chine guns. So the taking of the Rio Grande bridge was in- 
tended primarily to be an artillery achievement. 

General MacArthur and General Wheaton were back at 
the Bag Bag waiting for the artillery to go forward. Besides 
the two three-inch guns under Fleming, which were already 
at the river, there were three more at the Bag Bag to be ad- 
vanced, with one Utah Battery revolving cannon. The two 
Gatlings that were mounted on the armored train were takci. 
down, placed on wheels and made in readiness for a simul- 
taneous advance. . A general quiet hung about the Headquar- 
ters back at the Bag Bag, and there was a feeling in the air 
that nothing would happen for a day or two. 

The sound of firing came down early the following morn- 
ing; the artillery was hurried forward from the Bag Bag. It 
was given out that the day would be employed in placing the 
new pieces and that the following day, April 28th, would see 
the grand attack made. This programme was not carried 
out, owing to a few things which happened on April 27th. 

Major Young got his three guns of the Utah Battery 
placed under a nipa shack about 150 yards east of the freight 
house and about 400 yards from the insurgent bombproofs. 
The two Gatlings that came from the armored car were 
mounted at the same position, one on each side of the 3.2- 
inch guns. The Utah revolving cannon was moved down 
with Fleming on the river bank west of the track, and one 
of the 3.2-inch Sixth Artillery guns was placed in the freight- 
house. 

The minute the insurgents saw these prepartaions they 



3()g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

opened with their cannon and machine gun and all their in- 
fantry. It was afterward learned that Luna had 5000 men 
with him, 3500 armed with rifles and 1500 with bolos. As a 
consequence the work of advancing our artillery was hot and 
dangerous and the American infantry was kept busy raking 
the tops of the insurgent trenches with volleys. The en- 
gagement became general and Funston determined to try 
crossing the river in daylight, following the same lines as 
were laid out the night before. 

About the same troops were selected and the line went 
down the river only about a third of a mile, and in plain view 
from the bridge. From the freighthouse the farther bank 
could be seen, but not the American bank, for there was a 
slight bend in the river which shut from view the spot where 
Funston was to start across. 

At a few minutes before 11 o'clock two men were seen 
from the freighthouse swimming out into the river toward 
the insurgent trenches. These men wiere White and Trem- 
bley of Company B — naked and unarmed and carrying a coil 
of rope, one end of which was secured on the southern bank. 
A fearful rifle fusilade at the same time was directed from 
the 120 men remaining on the trenches opposite, while the 
riflemen in the freighthouse raked the same position with a 
diagonal fire. Not an insurgent dared show his head above 
the yellow breastworks, but from farther up toward the 
bridge the enemy was vainly trying to kill the two swimmers. 
Bullets were dropping in the water around them and those 
who watched from the freighthouse were in a fever of sus- 
pense as the two men slowly neared the opposite shore. The 
noise at this time was deafening. The freighthouse was roar- 
ing like the sound of a barrel of exploding firecrackers, and 
the three-inch gun, with its muzzle poked through a hole in 
the brick wall, was being fired as rapidly as possible. Every 
loophole was manned with a rifleman and when his gun be- 
came too hot another would take its place. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3Q7 

Major Young's three guns and the Gatlings were thun- 
dering off to the right, and occasionally the insurgent cannon 
would let loose a noisy shrapnel. All of the Montana and 
Kansas men had crept up to where they could pour an effec- 
tive and terrifying volley fire across the river, and the din 
of artillery and crash of musketry and explosion of shells 
made a grand uproar that must have struck terror in the 
trenches across the river. 

After what seemed an age the two swimmers reached the 
insurgent bank and seemed to be looking around for some- 
thing to which the rope might be attached. There was abso- 
lutely nothing, and they crept cautiously up to the breast- 
works, where a strong upright post was standing. A line of 
insurgents was seen darting out of the trenches and running 
crouchingly off toward the railway. White and Ti*embley 
dropped down and waited. No sound came from behind the 
trench and they threw a handful of earth over to see whether 
a movement would betray the presence of others. A few 
more natives hurriedly ran off to the right and disappeared 
in the trees, evidently terrified to find the Americans across 
the river. Then the rope was tied to the upright and the 
fire of our troops was turned farther up the river. Two more 
men with White and Trembley's rifles and clothes, as well as 
their own rifles, started a?cross in a small canoe, but the canoe 
capsized, losing the extra clothes and rifles, and the occu- 
pants of the boat were barely able to reach the insurgent 
side safely. 

Closely following this canoe came a raft with Colonel 
Funston and several soldiers. Their appearance drew a hot 
but wild fire from the insurgents, who were now apparently 
panic-stricken at the thought of a flanking force closing in on 
them. The last two rafts were hurried over, and with this 
force about fifty men in all, Colonel Funston began ad- 
vancing along the beach, keeping up a steady enfilad- 
ing fire, while the rafts were pulled back for the men re- 



3Qg UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

maining on the American shore. At the i)oint where the lit- 
tle stream flows into the Rio Grande Funston stopped and 
fired into the insurgent trenches until he could see them get- 
ting out and retreating. This stream, though narrow, was 
deep and a crossing was hard to effect. The Americans 
moved up the bank, looking for a place to get over, when a 
strong force of insurgents, probably two hundred in num- 
ber, began a fierce fire on them from farther up the railway, 
where they had retreated. At the same time the insurgents 
opened up with a Maxim machine gun and it seemed for a 
minute that the little group of Kansas men would be anni- 
hilated. Colonel Funston tells of this minute being the moa\. 
exciting and desperate of the whole undertaking, and he con- 
fesses that his heart sank when he heard that machine gun. 
It was far to the right of the two hundred men who were fir- 
ing from up the railway, and was probably posted in a cul- 
vert that ran under the railway track about one hundred 
yards from the bridge. A quantity of empty Maxim shells 
was afterward found near there, which supports this belief. 
Under this cross-fire Funston hurriedly drew his men back 
from the stream until they were protected in the clump of 
bamboos. The Maxim was being directed in a vertical arc, 
like a pumphandle, instead of horizontally, which would have 
been deadly to the Kansas men. # 

After the Maxim had ceased, Funston and his men 
rushed again to the small stream and could see that the in- 
surgents were fleeing wildly to the rear and following the 
line of the railway. A small banco was found, and the Col- 
onel, with Captain Orwig and eight soldiers, quickly crossed 
the stream and rushed like demons, yelling and shooting, up 
through the bomproofs on the heels of the stampeded insur- 
gents. Simultaneously our soldiers began to edge across the 
bridge, using the railway of the footpath as a support. They 
were absolutely exposed and their progress was slow, but 
nearly one hundred were gotten across in this way. A num- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3()9 

ber of us who liad liiirried forward from the freighthouse 
thought the fight was over, for the insurgents had all re- 
treated and there was only a scattering fire in front as an oc- 
casional blue-coated figure darted into view along the track. 
Over on the left the Kansas men who had crossed the river 
were firing at the retreating insurgents. A mile and a half 
up the track was the railway station of Apalit, where a train 
with two locomotives was standing. 

Then suddenly in the midst of all the relaxation and 
quiet that follows a brisk engagement went up the cry: 
''They're coming back — they're advancing in skirmish lines." 

The situation was extremely bad. Only about two hun- 
dred soldiers were across the river. It would require a long 
time to get a big force across and it would be a deadh^ thing 
to move a solid line of men along the exposed bridge after 
the insurgents had approached near enough to sweep it with 
their volleys. There then ensued a wild hurry and excite- 
ment. The troops on the south side could not fire without 
endangering those already' across and the same cause pre- 
vented the use of Gatlings or artillery. 

Away over in the broad field to the left, about 2000 yarCv, 
from the bridge, was a long line of men in dark clothes, siow- 
ly advancing in skirmish formation. Behind the lines were 
men in squads and along it, back and forth, rode an officer 
on a black horse, frantically giving orders. It was instantly 
assumed that the insurgents had discovered the weakness of 
the force that had flanked them and were going to attempt 
to regain possession of the bridge and its defenses before a 
greater force could be gotten across. 

The insurgents were about 800 strong and were rapidly 
drawing nearer. From the fact that they wore dark khaki 
suits a momentary doubt arose whether or not they might be 
American soldiers who had crossed the river below in great 
numbers and were coming in toward the railway. This doubt 
was immediately dispelled by the insurgents opening fire on 



310 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



the Kansas men in the woods to the left and on the soldiers 
thronging across the bridge. 

Generals MacArthur and Wheaton, with their excited 
staffs, came up to the bridge and instantly ordered every 
available man to get over the bridge as fast as possible, and 
then sent orderlies flying away for reinforcements. The in- 
surgents who had retreated on the right of the track now 
began firing from the woods near the town of Apalit, and the 
bridge became a most uncomfortable spot. Still the soldiers 
edged across, and as fast as they reached the other shore they 
were sent out to form a line bej^ond the bridge. The Kansas 
men in the woods, who had crossed with Funston, but who 
had not come up to the railway, were in great danger of being 
cut off by the advancing line of insurgents, but they held their 
ground and greeted the approaching enemy with regular, 
smashing volleys. 

It was apparent that the insurgents were rattled and 
were not eager to advance, for at every American volley the 
line would drop, and the insurgent officer would ride back 
and forth urging them to advance. Twice they arose, and 
each time broke up, some retreating, while the officers vainly 
endeavored to hold them firm. After several attempts the 
whole line crumbled and beat a hasty retreat to the left, dis- 
appearing in the woods. Already a skirmish line of Mon- 
tanas was deploying in the ricefield on the right and a line 
of Kansans was deploying on the left. As they marched for- 
ward toward the Apalit station a long running fight, as des- 
perate and spirited as any action of the day, resulted. The 
insurgents gave way stubbornly before the crashing volleys 
that our soldiers poured into them. Then it was noticed that 
the two locomotives pulled out of Apalit station with the 
train, and it was believed that the insurgent Generals were 
getting their soldiers along to the next line of earthworks 
further on. 

During this running fight, which covered over a mile, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^H 

many men were shot, and a great many were overcome by the 
deadly heat that hung on the riceflelds. About forty insur- 
gents were captured and a large number killed and wounded. 
I counted fifteen along the railway from the trenches to 
Apalit, and there were doubtless twice as many more in the 
fields on each side of the track which I didn't see. 

Apalit was taken with but little effort, but the insur- 
gents on leaving set fire to the town. A Spanish officer who 
had been fighting with the insurg'ents was wounded and gave 
himself up. 



^12 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



SANTA TOM AS. 



Demoralization seized the rebel leaders after the sup- 
posed impregnable defenses at Calumpit had been taken, and 
they made overtures for peace, sending Colonel Arguelles 
and Lieutenant-Colonel Vernal into the American lines to 
sue for peace. The two envoys were passed through the lines 
and safely conducted to the commanding General in Manila. 
It is possible that peace could have been secured at this 
juncture; but from whatever cause the negotiations came to 
naught, and before 4 a. m. May 4th the American forces were 
ance more on the march from Apalit northward to Santa 
Tomas. 

Mr. McCutcheon writes: 

"Hale's brigade of South Dakotas, Nebraskas, lowas and 
a detachment of Fourth Cavalry, with Major Young's three- 
inch guns, moved up the road following the river. General 
Wheaton's brigade took the railway, the Kansas regiment 
leading and the Montanas following. Two hand-cars, with a 
Gatling and a Hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted on them, 
were pushed along ahead. 

"When Wheaton and MacArthur on the railway reached 
a point just this side of Santa Tomas the brigade halted. A 
bridge^ was seen about 1000 yards ahead, and it was almost 
a sure thing that it was guarded by trenches. Over to the 
left was the town of Santa Tomas, a mile from the railway, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 313 

and far up the track, a mile beyond tlie bridge, was seen the 
Santa Tomas station. Trenches guarded the southern ap- 
proach to Santa Tomas, built so that the railway could be 
commanded by a cross-fire. No shot came from these 
trenches at the time, however, but they were watched as a 
hawk watches a chicken. Over in Hale's brigade the fighting 
had begun. The big guns were roaring with a sullen boom, 
and there was a regular crash of musketry mixed with the 
unmistakable clack-clack-clack of a Gatling. From the woods 
ahead of Hale the Filipinos had opened a very hot fire just 
as our men were crossing a little bridge about 1000 yards from 
the edge of the woods. We could see the white smoke leap 
out from one of our cannon, and a second later hear the shell 
burst in the edge of the woods and see the round cloud of 
smoke float away from the spot where it had exploded. From 
the distance where we were it seemed that a very fierce en- 
gagement was going on, but we could see that our firing line 
was gradually advancing and that the artillery was going 
forward. The latter was firing at very close range, for the 
report of the gun and the bursting of a projectile were only 
half a second apart. 

"Wheaton had sent for a little scouting party along 
through the deep, marshy grass by the track to determine 
what defenses were at the other end of the bridge, and these 
men drew the fire of the insurgents who were waiting 
beyond. The Hotchkiss and Gatling were hurriedly taken off 
the hand-cars and a steady bombardment of the bridge en- 
sued for several minutes. Several shells were thrown across 
into Santa Tomas in an attempt to develop the strength of 
the insurgents behind those trenches, and the Gatling was 
turned in that direction for awhile. Even under this fire the 
insurgents remained quiet, but a number of figures were seen 
running along behind the trench toward the bridge. A com- 
pany of Montanas was thrown out to the left of the track and 
a company of Kansans was put out on the right. These men 



314 



UTAH VOLUINTEERS. 



formed in skirmish line and slowl}^ moved toward the river. 
The excitement began. All along the stream came indica- 
tions that the hornets' nest had been disturbed and bullets 
•were coming from the front, the left and the right. Lieuten- 
ant Meade and his scouting party returned to avoid getting 
between the Gatling and the bridge. Lieutenant Naylor was 
working the Hotchkiss as fast as he could. 

"When the rebels who were put to rout by Hale's brigade 
found their retreat nearly cut off by Wheaton they hurried 
west and reinforced those at the bridge. Here they main- 
tained a hot fire upon the advance guards and on the two 
guns on the railway. Long lines of soldiers who were on the 
track opened up on Santa Tomas with their rifles, 

"After forty minutes of hot fighting the insurgents began 
to break, many of them retreating back along the track and 
many cutting across through the marsh toward Santa Tomas. 
The town was burning furiously and we could see -the big 
church enveloped in flames. Our troops immediately ad- 
vanced to the bridge, firing volley after volley on the retreat- 
ing insurgents, who could be plainly seen in the fields to the 
left and beyond the river. It was one of the most picturesque 
and spirited fights imaginable, for the insurgents were firing 
back viciously and both forces were in plain view. Nearly 
all of the engagements one sees, the insurgents' presence is 
only determined by the pop of his rifle and he himself is rarely 
seen, but here he was visible in considerable numbers and a 
grand duel took place across the marsh. 

"The bridge was found to be almost impassable, for the 
center span had been let down and the soldiers were com- 
pelled to wade through the water and climb up to the oppo- 
site side. Under fire, this was a trying thing to do, but the 
soldiers on the railroad were keeping the insurgents going 
and the range was too great to make the crossing very danger- 
ous. When the first men got over they immediately started 
after the fleeing enemy. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 31^5 

"All the men had exhausted their canteens and the suffer- 
ing from thirst was terrible. Many of them drank the salty, 
brackish water of the river, and were glad to get it. The heat 
of that long march was the greatest I have experienced in the 
Philippines, for there was absolutely no shade the whole dis- 
tance. 

"A train at Santa Tomas station pulled out with the rest 
of the insurgents; Santa Tomas was taken after a little street 
lighting. Then came one of the most spectacular fights of the 
war — the kind you see drawn in pictures. It was Wheaton 
and Funston's charge on the trenches near the station at 
Santa Tomas." 



g]^g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



SAN FERNANDO. 



The capture of San Fernando, Aguinaldo's headquarters^ 
was a tame affair, compared with several of the engagements 
which preceded it. 

The procession was headed by General Hale and staff, 
accompanied by a small Hotchkiss gun drawn by a native 
pony. Part of the lowas followed soaked with muddy wa- 
ter, having had to wade a stream and were deployed in an 
open field. Gradually the long line of soldiers formed in 
skirmish order and advanced upon the city. Another stream 
had to be crossed and into it the soldiers plunged and began 
crossing under a hot fire from the rebels on a bridge above. 

"The fire from the bridge, where trenches were afterward 
found, was hot and vicious. Many of the soldiers had crossed 
and were delivering an enfilading fire from behind any little 
protection that was at hand. At every lull the men would 
advance to some new vantage point, and soon the insurgents 
began to break. The firing at the bridge ceased, and the 
sound of the Mausers indicated that the enemy was retreating 
through the town. It then became a running street fight, and 
the river was alive with our troops rushing through it to the 
enemy's bank to join the chase. Along between the flaming 
houses, where the heat of the road was terrific, over the rail- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3J7 

way and through backyards the chase proceeded. In an im- 
petuous sweep the town was cleared by our troops, but the 
insurgents got away to the northward and not one of them 
Avas captured. Scouting parties were sent on after them, but 
they were fleeing northward, far beyond pursuit." 



318 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



OFFICIAL REPORTS. 



Headquarters Second Division Eighth Army Corps, 
Office of the Chief of Artillery, 

Manila, P. I., June 4, 1899. 
Assistant Adjutant-Oeneral, Headquarters Second Division, 

Eighth Army Corps, San Fernando, P. I.: 

Sir: — I have the honor to submit this, my report of the 
operations of the artillery of this division during the months 
of April and May, 1899. 

Several of the appended reports have just been received. 
Thy describe the operations of the several units so minutely 
and accurately that it is unnecessary for me to make a de- 
tailed report. Appended please find the following reports : 

A — Report of Captain E. A. Wedgwood. 

B — Supplementary report of Captain E. A. Wedgwood. 

C — Report of Lieutenant John F. Critchlow. 

D — Supplementary report of Lieutenant John F. Critch- 
low. 

E — Report of Lieutenant Adrian S. Fleming. 

F — Report of Lieutenant C. H. Bridges. 

G — Report of First Sergeant John A. Anderson. 

The two Gatling guns which were obtained from the 
armored train and employed under the immediate command 
of Lieutenant Bridges at Calumpit have remained with the 
artillery and were used in the engagement at Santa Tomas, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3]^ 9 

one under Lieutenant Naylor, as mentioned in Captain Wedg- 
wood's report, and the other under my own command; the 
latter expended 3000 rounds of ammunition during that en- 
gagement. 

I append no supplementary report from Lieutenant 
Fleming, inasmuch as one of his pieces was detached during 
the period covered by his report to accompany General Law- 
ton's advance to San Isidro, and has not since returned to 
this division, and the other piece was engaged but once dur- 
ing that part of May not covered by Lieutenant Fleming's 
report which engagement is reported in Captain Wedgwood's 
report. 

I shall submit within a few days recommendations for 
brevets and certificates of merit based upon the operations 
of this campaign. I heartily concur in Lieutenant Critchlow's 
estimate of the services of Dr. Adams of the Montana regi- 
ment. Very respectfully, 

RICHAKD W. YOUNG, 
U. S. v.. Chief of Artillery. 



(A — Captain Wedgwood.) 

San Fernando, P. I., May 18, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, 

Commanding Battalion Utah Light Artillery. 
Sir:— 

Agreeable to your request, I have the honor to submit 
report of the operations of Battery A from April 1st to date. 

On the first of April two Nordenfeldt guns, manned by 
two sections of battery were stationed at Waterworks Pump- 
ing Station; two 3.2-inch B. L. rifles and two sections at La 
Loma Church; two 3.2 B. L. rifles and two sections at Caloo- 
can, and detachment of eight men and two non-commissioned 
officers were also stationed at Deposito, in charge of two 
revolving cannon and three Gatling guns. The detachment 
at Caloocan was under the immediate command of First 



320 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Lieutenant Gibbs, the remainder of the battery under my 
own. Up to the 24th of the month, Lieutenant Naylor was in 
charge of two Nordenfeldts and two sections of Battery B, 
stationed to the right of La Loma Church, on the line sur- 
rounding Manila, and for a portion of the time performed the 
duties of officer in charge of barracks. During all of the 
period covered by this report Lieutenant Webb has been 
detached from the battery and acted as commanding officer 
of a river gunboat. On the evening of April 1st, by command 
of General Hall, Brigade Commander, the detachment of La 
Loma Church marched to its former position at Waterworks 
Pumping Station. But two shots have been fired by this de- 
tachment, one shell on April 25th and one shrapnel on April 
26th, each directed at the town of Maraquina. 

The two Nordenfeldts were returned to the arsenal on 
the 12th of April, by order of Brigade Commander, they being 
Spanish property, and having been called for by that Govern- 
ment. In this connection I desire to say that these guns have 
proved a very satisfactory arm, although mechanically not 
as well made, they possess three distinct points of superiority 
over the B. L. rifle, viz., rapidity of fire, minimum of recoil 
and facility of aim. 

By order of the Chief of Artillery, the two 3.2 B. L. rifles 
and sections one and two were transferred from Caloocan to 
Malolos on April 13th, transportation being by rail. I accom- 
panied these sections in command, Lieutenant Gibbs taking 
command at the Waterworks. At Malolos these guns were 
supplies with mules. 

An engagement occurred at Quinga, about five miles 
northwest of Malolos, on the 23rd of the month, in which the 
artillery were suddenly called to take part. Two guns of 
Battery A under my command, one of Battery B and one of 
the Sixth regular artillery, under the command of Lieutenant 
Fleming, left Malolos about the middle of the forenoon. We 
approached the scene of action under a heavy fire, and Private 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 321 

Abplanalp, a driver of Battery B, was wounded in the hand 
and shoulder. An effective position, selected by the Chief of 
Artillery, was taken at the edge of the open country sur- 
rounding the town of Quinga, which position commanded the 
town and the intrenchments along the bank of the river on 
the left. All guns were brought into action with the greatest 
dispatch and as rapid a fire as possible, maintained for about 
forty minutes, at which time the insurgents could be plainly 
seen abandoning their trenches to their left and their barri- 
cades in the streets. At this time the infantry advanced and 
occupied a portion of the town, the artillery following as soon 
as it could be limbered up. Our average range of fire was 
about one thousand yards. Through the engagement we were 
under heavy fire from the enemy, and Private Davis was 
wounded in the right leg below the knee. Greater loss was 
doubtless prevented by the fortunate selection of position, our 
guns being masked from the enemy by the foliage, and, using 
smokeless powder, our exact position was not disclosed. 
iS^ umber one gun was brought into action in the town at the 
rear of the church, and three shots fired at retreating insur- 
gents. We expended in this action shell and shrapnel. 

Lieutenant Naylor reported at Malolos April 23rd for 
duty, and commanded the guns of Battery A in action at Bag 
Bag and Rio Grande Rivers, his report of operations is as fol- 
lows: "Prepared to move agan insurrectos at Bag Bag and 
adjoining country in the early morning of April 24:th. Had 
proceeded but a short distance from railroad station at 
Malolos, when we halted and awaited further orders from 
General MacArthur. In readiness to advance, we thus 
waited all day, and parking our guns in the evening, went into 
camp near by. About 7 o'clock in the morning of the 25th we 
advanced along the road leading to the Quinga River, with 
two troops of cavalry as an escort. Upon reaching the river, 
we took the road leading to our left along its bank. This road 
we followed to a point about twelve hundreds yards from the 

12 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



Bag Bag bridge, where there is a big wash intersecting the 
road. After due precaution had been taken to avoid blunder- 
ing into the enemy, we left section two gun in the wash under 
cover and proceeded with number one gun up the road about 
two hundred yards, and then took a road to the right, which 
leads directly to the ferry at the junction of the Quinga with 
the Calumpit river. We had not moved more than one hun- 
dred yards before we heard Lieutenant Critchlow's guns open 
fire, and immediately after the rapid-fire guns of the armored 
car, which latter seemer turned squarely upon us. The 
bullets from the rapid-fire guns continue to come so close that 
we were ordered to lie down by Major Young, in which posi- 
tion we were held for about ten minutes. This cross-fire hav- 
ing ceased, we went into action about twenty-five yards more 
in advance, firing at the enemy behind earthworks along the 
bank of the Calumpit Eiver, enfilading their lines, thereby 
covering the advance of General Hale. After a few shots, 
number two guns was brought up into action, and from this 
point we expended sixty shell and twenty-three shrapnel at 
ranges varying from five hundred down to one hundred and 
fifty yards. 

The enemy retired from their position, and with the 
bridge over the Bag Bag being destroyed, camp was made 
near its bank about two o'clock p. m. 

The bridge over the Bag Bag being repaired, crossing 
of that river was effected on the morning of April 27th. The 
enemy were strongly intrenched on the further bank of the 
Rio Grande river, but had abandoned the intervening coun- 
try between the Bag Bag and that river. A position was 
selected by the Chief of Artillery on the bank of the Rio 
Grande near its junction with the Calumpit, underneath a 
nipa hut, at two hundred yards' range from the enemy's 
earthworks. Some slight protection for the guns was con- 
structed of rocks. Number two gun went into action under- 
neath the hut, and number one in the road about twenty 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 323 

yards to the left. The enemy's fire was heavy throughout 
the action, which terminated between eleven and twelve 
o'clock. Platoon expended sixteen shrapnel and one shell, 
ranges being from two hundred to fifteen hundred yards. 
Private Selmer wounded at camp by a stray Mauser bullet 
passing through the small of the back. 

On May 2nd I, with two B. L. rifles, together with two 
of the Sixth Eegular Artillery under Lieutenant Fleming, 
accompanied expedition under command of General Hale to 
Pulilan, returning the next day; we met no resistance. 

On May 3rd camp was broken at Calumpit and our guns 
and escort wagons taken across the Eio Grande River. On 
May 4th, at daylight, an advance was begun towards the 
town of San Fernando. Lieutenant Naylor, with revolving 
cannon and Gatling, accompanying General Wheaton up the 
railroad track, I, with two 3.2 rifles, under command of Chief 
of Artillery, forming a portion of the advance guard of Gen- 
eral Hale's Brigade proceeding up the wagon road, the posi- 
tion of number one gun in the advance being fifty yards in 
the rear of first company. No opposition was encountered 
until the town of Santa Tomas was approached, where the in- 
surgents were located on the road. One gun and one Gatling 
were brought into action and a few shots fired to the front 
at about 600 yards' range, and a few to the right at about 
a thousand yards. The position being abandoned by the in- 
surgents an advance was made to that point, when a halt 
was enforced by reason of partially constructed pitfalls in 
the road. These being wide ditches filled with water on each 
side, an advance was impossible until the guns were taken 
some distance to the rear, where the ground was solid and 
brought up again on the other side of the ditch and a cause- 
way constructed across it. 

While this was being done, the infantry had advanced 
half a mile to the front to the bank of a stream of water, 
where they were meeting strong resistance. Arriving at the 



324 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

firing line, both guns and one Gatling were brought into 
action. After a few shots from number two, the vent bush- 
ing blew out, a portion lodging in the vent, and as it was not 
possible to remove it with the tools at hand, the gun was 
put out of action and one of Battery B's brought up in its 
place. The same accident happened to number one gun, but 
not until the last shot. 

Under cover of our fire, the infantry closed into the 
town on the right and left of the road, but as there was no 
way of crossing the river, the artillery remained at this point 
throughout the action, a period of about two hours. 

Our fire was directed principally to the front and left^ 
although some few shells and shrapnel were thrown a little 
to the right of the road before the advance of the infantry 
was made. The range of fire varied from seven hundred to 
two thousand yards, and ammunition expended was shell 
and shrapnel. 

Lieutenant Naylor reports operations along the railroad 
substantially as follows: 

''On the morning of the 4th I reported tO' General 
Wheaton at five o'clock with one revolving cannon and one 
Gatling, each of which was mounted on a platform con- 
structed '^on the trucks of hand-cars. A half -hour later the 
advance was begun, Gatling gun in the front. Arriving at 
a point about two thousand yards from the railroad bridge 
near Santa Tomas, which had been wrecked by the insurgents^ 
Ave heard firing on our right, advising us that General Hale's 
Brigade had encountered the enemy. Advancing six hun- 
dred yards further, trenches and insurgents in uniform were 
observed and I opened with the Gatling, firing about one 
hundred rounds at about fourteen hundred yards' range. 
This was at the order of General Wheaton, but the range 
was too great for effective work. An advance of two hun- 
dred and fifty yards was made and about two hundred rounds 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



325 



fired, then a further advance of about two hundred yards, 
where the guns were unloaded from the platforms. 

At this point the fire of both guns was brought to bear 
on the enemy in their trenches on the opposite bank of the 
river, from which they commanded the bridge and the ap- 
proaches. A company of infantry was deployed on each side 
of the railroad, and by their advance and our joint fire, the 
cossing of the river was effected. After crossing the bridge 
the infantry were subjected to a heavy flank fire from 
trenches further in advance, which, fortunately, was of short 
duration. As the insurgents retreated, I brought the Gatling 
to bear at about six hundred yards' range, with telling effect. 
Being unable to cross the bridge, my part in the action ter- 
minated at this point. 

"The ammunition expended during the day was one hun- 
dred rounds for revolving cannon and three thousand eight 
hundred for Gatling. During this engagement my men were 
in the most exposed position, serving their guns and working 
them 'by hand to the front' on the railroad grade in plain 
view of the enemy." 

As a factor in the success of these engagements, our 
effectiveness has been largely due to the ever prompt, cheer- 
ful and intelligent manner in which the men of the command 
have performed their duties; under all circumstances they 
have put forth their best energies valiantly. Sergeants John- 
son and Kneass and Corporals Bachman and Jenson, and 
also Corporal Bjornson of Battery B are entitled to special 
commendation. 

Lieutenant Naylor received personal commendation 
from General Wheaton for good work in the action of 
May 4th. 

Respectfully submitted, 

EDGAR A. WEDGWOOD, 
Captain Commanding Battery A, Utah Light Artillery. 



326 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



(B — Captain Wedgwood). 

San Fernando, June 8, 1899. 
Major R. W. Young, Commanding Battalion, Utah Volunteer 

Artillery. 

Sir: — Complying with your request, I herewith submit 
supplementary report 6t operations of Battery A to June 1, 
1899. 

May 23rd, a detachment consisting of Sergeant Johnson 
and two men, with Hotchldss two-pound gun, accompanied 
two troops of cavalry in a reconnaissance. Near the town 
of Santa Rita the enemy were encountered and a skirmish 
of about thirty minutes' duration ensued, when our force 
retired. Ammunition expended, eighteen rounds. 

May 24th, a platoon of Battery A, together with Hotch- 
ldss revolving cannon, manned by detachment of Battery B, 
took part in an attack on insurgents in their trenches on the 
far side of the open field on the south side of San Fernando. 
The offiG4^rS' present were myself, Lieutenant Naylor and 
Lieutenant Seaman. 

At alt^put ten o'clock a. m. troops of the Twentieth Kan- 
sas Infantry advanced on the right flank of the insurgent 
trenches, those of the Montana on the left. Our guns occu- 
pied position facing the center, near the road in the fringe 
of trees skirting the extreme south line of San Fernando. As 
soon as Kansas and Montana were well engaged, insurgents 
began retreating to the road commanded by our guns 
straight to the front. At this time we opened fire from the 
3.2-inch rifle, eight shells and one shrapnel, from the re- 
volving cannon fifteen rounds; further firing then became 
inadvisable on account of the near approach of our infantry 
to our field of fire. 

This attack was well planned and admirably carried out. 
The insurgent loss in killed, wounded and prisoners was 
heavy. 

About the middle of the afternoon of the same day, two 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



327 



3.2-inch rifles and one Gatling gun were ordered out. I took 
them down the road beyond the old church leading to the 
north and went into action with both 3.2 rifles, one of which 
was B's and one Sixth Artillery. Lieutenant Seaman was 
with me. Each gun expended nine shells. Both did good 
shooting. 

The position of detachments of battery remain the same 
as at last report. 

Respectfully submitted, 

EDGAR A. WEDGWOOD, 
Captain Commanding Battery. 



9' 

(Lieutenant Critchlow.) 

San Fernando, P. L, May 15, 1899. 
To the Chief of Artillery, Second Division, Eighth Army 

Corps. 
Sir:— 

Pursuant to your instructions, I have the honor to sub- 
mit the following report of operations and movements of 
that part of Battery B, Utah Light Artillery, which has been 
under my immediate command, from April 1, 1899, to May 
15, 1899. 

In camp before the Hall of Congress at Malolos, on the 
3rd of April, was ordered to man the Hotchkiss revolving 
cannon and a Hotchkiss mountain gun (to be secured from 
the First Nebraska Regiment), and to send same with recon- 
naisance party. Said detachment, under First Sergeant 
John A. Anderson, left camp at six a. m., and proceeded with 
cavalry, eastward to the town of Quinga. No resistance was 
met, but the enemy was seen to be in some force a short dis- 
tance beyond the town. The detachment did not go into ac- 
tion, returning to camp after a few hours. 



g28 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

On the 7th of April, I was ordered to take one 3.2-inch 
gun and to accompanj^ a reeonnaisance party at six a. m. I 
joined two troops of the Fourth Cavalry, taking Section 3. 
We proceeded northeast along the Pulilan to the Quinga 
river at a point near the town of Pulilan. The object of the 
reconnoisance was to discover a ford without attracting the 
enemy's attention. This was successfully accomplished. The 
ford was found, and the enemy was seen intrenched and in- 
trenching on the opposite bank. We withdrew unnoticed. 
No shots were fired. 

On the 18th of April the city of Malolos was attacked 
by the enemy. One section (Section 2) of Battery B was or- 
dered out, and proceeded to west limit of city. It was found 
impossible to get nearer than about one thousand yards dis- 
tant from the attacking party because of a river, over which . 
there was no substantial bridge. We first went into action 
on the bank of this river, firing several shells in the direction 
of insurgents' fire. A better position was soon found some 
hundred yards to left, and several bodies of insurgents were 
routed and dispersed, and never repeated the attack from 
that direction. The range varied from one thousand to two 
thousand yards. The ammunition expended was sixteen 
shrapnel and eight shell. 

On the 21st day of April I was ordered to send one sec- 
tion to Bocane to join General Lawton's command. The 
Second section, under command of First Sergeant John A. 
Anderson-, proceeded to Bocane accordingly, leaving at G 
a. m., under escort of one troop of the Fourth Cavalry. Since 
that time this section has been in that command, and a re- 
port of its operations will be submitted at a later date. 

On the 23rd of April a cavalry reconnoisance party be- 
came unexpectedly implicated in an engagement with the 
'^nemy to the extent that reinforcements of infantry and artil- 
lery were required. Section three of Battery B, two sections 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 329 

of Battery B, two sections of Battery A, Utah Light Artillery, 
and one piece of the Sixth United States Artillery, were 
ordered out and went into action on the Quinga road, about 
1000 yards from the enemy intrenched in front of the town of 
Quinga. A brisk fire was sustained by the insurgents for 
about three-quarters of an hour, inflicting considerable dam- 
age upon our troops. Considering the fact that the artillery 
was masked from view, but not protected from the effect of 
the hostile fire, it was to be expected that there should be at 
least several casualties. Fortunately only two were sus- 
tained, a driver in Battery B, shot in the right hand and arm, 
and a cannoneer in Battery A, shot in the right leg. Upon 
dislodging the enemy from this position, the artillery ad- 
vanced to the town, one piece of the Sixth Artillery and one of 
Battery A, Utah Light Artillery, going into action again, in 
the streets against the retiring enemy. During this latter 
action. Captain Wedgwood was wounded and returned to 
Malolos. 

At this time. Lieutenant Fleming was directed to bring 
from Malolos his other section and the revolving cannon 
(Hotehkiss) manned by seven men from Battery B, under 
Corporal M, C. Jensen, in order to proceed with General Hale 
on the following day. Meanwhile the platoon of Battery A 
and my section went into action on Quinga road and shelled 
the town of Pulilan, with the object of causing the insurgents 
to vacate the town, or present less resistance to the troops on , 
the next day's advance. We fired at ranges varying from 1800 
to 2100 yards. The ammunition expended by my section for 
the day was fifteen shell and five shrapnel. These three sec- 
tions, with an escort of cavalry, returned to Malolos for the 
night. For the part taken by the detachment with the Hoteh- 
kiss gun, I would respectfully refer you to the report of Lieu- 
tenant A. S. Fleming, Sixth Artillery, as it was under his 
command from this time until Calumpit was taken. 



ggQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

On the following day it was intended that the platoon of 
Battery A and section of Battery B should proceed to the 
Quinga river at a point opposite Pulilan to work in conjunc- 
tion with General Hale, buc with a necessary delay occuring 
in that brigade, this movement did not occur till the 25th. 
We went into camp on the east side of the railroad at Malolos. 

On the 25th of April we broke camp at 6 a. m. and pro- 
ceeded under escort of the Fourth Cavalry east on the Pulilan 
road to the Quinga river, as above indicated, thence north 
toward the Bag Bag Kiver. At this point my section went 
into action, about 150 yards on the right of the railroad and 
about 350 yards from the enemy's trenches, constructed on the 
far side of the river; the platoon of Battery A, some hundred 
yards to my right. We took position on the road, which gave 
us an unobstructed view of a portion of the earthworks, but 
was partially screened from the greater part of their defense.^ 
by a small bamboo fence. No protection from the effect of the 
insurgent fire was available. We opened fire first upon the 
trenches in view, then gradually elevating to 1100 and 1300 
yards, getting meanwhile very little return fire. Simultane- 
ously, General Hale's Brigade became warmlj^ engaged on the 
opposite side of the Quinga river. After firing some twenty- 
five rounds, as above described, and receiving only desultory 
tire, I advanced the piece seventy-five yards, first going for- 
ward alone as a measure of precaution. The portholes in the 
enemy's works were plainly visible and apparently unoccu- 
pied, but a vicious fire was at once directed against the section 
in its new position, now only about 225 yards from that of the 
enemy. Our fire, at once directed at the line of portholes, and, 
though the piece was fired as rapidly as possible, one and 
sometimes two volleys succeeded every shot. Meanwhile, the 
infantry was fifty yards in the rear, prone, and therefore 
masked from the enemy, and unable, from their position, to 
render any real support. This was rectified as soon as possi- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 33]^ 

Me. #To retire to a less exposed position, thus inviting an 
uninterrupted fusilade from the enemy, was manifestly im- 
possible. Early in the action Private Max Maddison was 
killed instantly. Private Frederick Bumiller shortly after- 
ward sustained a fatal wound, and later Private John Brae- 
mer was seriously wounded, while two other cannoneers were 
struck on their clothing by glancing balls. The piece is also 
not without scars of an undoubted character. Thus it will be 
seen that in a detachment of eight men, five were struck, two 
killed and one seriously wounded — an exceedingly high per- 
centage. This action lasted about one and one-half hours, 
during which time fifty-nine rounds of ammunition were ex- 
pended. 

In the Hotchkiss detachment above alluded to. Corporal 
M. C. Jensen, Battery B, sustained a fatal wound in the cap- 
ture of the Bag Bag. We went into camp on the south side 
of the river. 

This section, together with a platoon of Battery A, Utah 
Light Artillery, under Lieutenant Naylor, and two Gatliug 
guns next went into action on the Rio Grande. Breaking 
camp at 8:30 a. m., the guns were moved across the hastily 
repaired bridge by hand and installed in position about 100 
yards from the enemy. By the direction of the Chief of Artil- 
lery, hasty protection was thrown up beneath a nipa hut, 
which formed an effectual mask to the enemy. The action 
was short but effectual. The artillery engaged consisted of a 
platoon of the Sixth Artillery, under Lieutenant Fleming, and 
a Hotchkiss revolving cannon, under Corporal Bjornson, on 
the left, and the above-mentioned guns on the right. In less 
than an hour we had taken the strongest position we had yet 
encountered — ^the American forces engaged numbering about 
1500, against 5000 insurgents. By my section seven shells and 
one shrapnel were expended. The artillery was then parked 
on the hither bank on the river on the left of the railroad 
track. 



332 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



On the 3rd day of May the artillery was taken across the 
Rio Grande on a raft, preparatory to an advance toward San 
Fernando. 

On the following day we broke camp at 6 a. m., all the 
artillery proceeding along the road through Apalit, excepting 
the Hotchkiss cannon, manned by a Battery B detachment, 
and one Gatling, mounted on trucks, which, under Lieutenant 
Naylor, advanced along the railroad track. 

Obstructions taking the form of pit-falls were encount- 
ered in the road, some four miles from Calumpit. With little 
delay, a road passing around them was made and the advance 
continued. 

At about 10:30 a. m., the section was brought into action 
against the enemy, which had taken position beyond a bridge- 
less river some 900 yards distant, first firing to the right of 
Battery A's position, then to the left at ranges varying from 
900 to 1600 yards. Then the insurgent fire at this point was 
not heavy, though a number of casualties occurred about us 
in the infantry ranks. The latter soon advanced and masked 
our fire, driving the demoralized insurgent forces a distance 
of several miles. Meanwhile, the detachments on the rail- 
road, under Lieutenant Naylor, were doing most effective 
work against trenches in their front, assisting very materially 
in the capture of Santa Tomas. 

From my piece thirteen shell and five shrapnel were fired. 
Theoretically, shrapnel would have been the proper projec- 
tile to use in this engagement, but the frequency with which 
it burst in the bore of the piece rendered its use again unsafe. 
It being impossible to cross the river until some means was 
constructed, we returned to a point about three-quarters of a 
mile from the scene of the action and camped for the night. 

The following day. May 5th, at about 11 a. m. we began 
transporting the guns and equipage across the river above 
mentioned on a small raft constructed by engineers, this 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



tedious and laborious task consuming the remainder of the 
day, and went into camp about one mile beyond. On May 
Cth we proceeded to San Fernando, which the enemy had par- 
tially burned and evacuated the previous day. Our guns were 
parked in an enclosure in the south portion of the city, and 
the men aiforded the shelter of a commodious house. 

During the period covered by this report, eighty-nine shell 
and fifty-five shrapnel were fired. 

This, in brief, is the histor}^ of these detachments of Bat- 
tery B, directly under me. Without pausing, as I should do if 
writing more at length, to point out the great strength of the 
enemy's positions in certain places, their superiority in num- 
bers, the unhesitating spirit of the men under me, and their 
bravery and discipline under fire, particularly at the Bag Bag, 
where, for a time, it seemed as though all must be annihilated. 

Sergeant Boshard acted as gunner after Acting Gunner 
Braemer was wounded. All did their duty and are worthy of 
your consideration. 

Corporal Bjornson was substituted for Corporal M. C, 
Jensen, killed, in command of the men on Hotchkiss gun, and 
am informed his work has been excellent. 

I am also pleased to note the uncomplaining philosophy 
with which my men have met hardships, and for some time 
ir.ferior rations. 

During the period covered by this report, the other sec- 
tions have been stationed as follows: First section in field 
near La Loma Church, Section four at Caloocan, Sections five 
and six, with Nordenfeldts on the line to the right of La Loma 
Church. Until the 23rd day of April, Lieutenant Naylor was 
in command of the fifth and sixth sections; Lieuteant Seaman 
of the fourth section, and Lieutenant Hines of the first sec- 
tion, until shortly prior to being ordered on board the gun- 
boat Laguna de Bay. 

In conclusion, I desire to call to your attention the most 
■excellent services of Dr. Adams, Major and Brigade Surgeon, 



334 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



who, apparently always present at the extreme front, ren- 
dered prompt assistance to my cannoneers at the Bag Bag 
fight, at the very evident peril of his life. 
Kespectfully submitted, 

JOHN F. CRITCHLOW, 
First Lieutenant, Commanding Battery B, Utah Light Artil- 
lery. 



(D — Lieutenant Critchlow — Supplementary). 

San Fernando, P. L, June 8th, 1899. 
To the Chief of Artillery, Second Division, Eighth Army 

Corps. 

Sir: — Pursuant to your request, I have the honor to sub- 
mit the following supplementary report for the month of May, 
1899: 

Subsequent to entering San Fernando, on May 6th, 1899, 
the section and detachment of Battery B mentioned in my last 
report, with the addition of a Hotchkiss automatic gun, 
manned by a corporal and two men of this battery, a period 
of comparative quiet ensued, the duty since that time being in 
the nature of a garrison. 

On May 24th the Hotchkiss revolving cannon, Coporal 
Bjornson, took part in an attack upon the insurgents occupy- 
ing trenches on the south side of this city. The range of fire 
was about 1600 yards. The action, so far as this piece was 
concerned, was short, as the infantry soon masked the field. 
Ammunition expended, fifteen rounds. 

On May 2.5th, 1899, Section three. Sergeant Boshard, was 
called upon to fire at insurgents on north side of city. Dur- 
ing the short engagement seven rounds of shell were ex- 
pended. Lieutenant Seaman assumed command of the piece, 
as I was in Manila at this time. 

The positions of the various detachments remain the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 335 

same as in last report, with the exception that on May 31st 
the two sections at Caloocan and vicinity were removed to 
Balinag, by order of Commanding General, where they now 
are stationed under Lieutenant Seaman. 

They were at this time provided with four mules each. 
Respectfully submitted, 

JOHN F. CRITCHLOW, 
First Lieutenant, Utah Light Artillery. 



(E — Lieutenant Fleming). 

San Fernando, P. I., May 16, 1899. 
The Chief of Artillery, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps. 

Sir: — Pursuant to your instructions, I have the honor to 
submit the following report on the operations of my platoon 
of Light Battery D, Sixth Artiller}^ (Dyer's), from April 1, 
1899, to the present date. 

Late in the afternoon of April 3rd (the platoon being at 
that time in camp at Malolos) I received instructions to be 
ready at six a. m. the next day to join a reconnoitering party 
to be composed of the First Montana, U. S. V., a detachment 
of the Fourth Cavalry, ni}' platoon and Lieutenant Davis's 
Colt's automatic gun. 

Accordingly, at the prescribed time the platoon was 
put in march on the road leading northward to the Bag Bag 
River. This road was unquestionably the worst over which 
I ever saw artillery moved. Indeed, the first mile and a half 
of it was in such condition that no less than ten places from 
ten to fifty feet in length had to be corduroyed and several 
little bridges had to be repaired. The mules also gave great 
trouble by miring themselves. About eleven a. m. the col- 
umn reached the railroad crossing about one thousand yards 
south of the Bag Bag River. Shortly afterward the enemy 
was located in the vicinit}' of the railroad bridge over the 



336 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



river, and one of my guns went into action near the railroad 
crossing. At my request, Lieutenant Cleland Davis, United 
States Navy, took command of this gun, and taking personal 
command of the other, I conducted it across the railroad and 
along a road parallel to the railroad and about six hundred 
yards from it. This road makes a slight bend some two hun- 
dred yards south of the river and ends at the river. It had 
been reported that there were insurgents in the trenches on 
the north (right) bank of the Bag Bag Kiver, and upon recon- 
noitering I found this to be true. On both sides of the road 
the country was impassable for artillery on account of dense 
thickets, so that to get the gun into action it was necessary 
to pass the bend in the road referred to and move about 
thirty to forty yards along the road in plain view of the en- 
emy, intrenched not more than 300 yards distant, and having 
an enfilading fire along the road. The piece was unlimbered 
out of sight around the bend and run by hand to the front 
some sixty yards, when turning to the left through an open- 
ing previously made, it gained its position, which was 
screened from view but entirely exposed to fire. During this 
advance to the support of the infantry not a single shot was 
fired to cover our unprotected advance, and I was afterward 
informed that they had orders not to fire. Yet, while making 
it, we were exposed to a vicious fire, which was most merci- 
fully inaccurate. 

As soon as this gun was in position I reported the fact 
to the Chief of Artillery and suggested that the other section 
and Lieutenant Davis's Colt's automatic gun be brought up. 
In the meantime I did not open fire, as the infantry Had not 
vet engaged the enemy and were awaiting orders. A few 
moments later the Chief of Artillery arrived and directed me 
to open fire. This I did, with good effect on the limited por- 
tion of the enemy's extensive works which could be covered 
by the fire of one gun, the range being about three hundred 
to four hundred yards. Yet so numerous were the enemy, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 337 

and so widely distributed that eyevj shot from the gun was 
followed by a hailstorm of bullets. A dozen rounds were 
lired as rapidly as possible, with no support from our in- 
fantry between rounds, by which time the cannoneers, pre- 
viously wearied by getting the gun into position by hand 
over a long stretch of difficult ground, were exhausted, and 
I was directed to cease firing. In the meantime the other 
gun had come up and I at once installed it on the left of the 
road, under exactly the same conditions as prevailed when 
the first gun was installed. But one shot was fired from this 
gun during my temporary absence. No further firing was 
done by the gun which was first placed in position. 

About an hour later I received orders to withdraw both 
guns as quietly as possible, which resulted in their being- 
withdrawn — as they had been advanced — in full view of the 
enemy, under heavy fire, and without any support whatever. 
In fact, the only assistance I had from the infantry, which 
lay in skirmish order on both sides of and between the guns, 
was rendered by some ten or twelve gallant men of the Mon- 
tana regiment, who volunteered to help advance and with- 
draw the guns, which could only have been moved with fatal 
slowness by the small number of cannoneers with my pla- 
toon. Some of these men and some of my own were shot 
through their clothing, but fortunately there were no casu- 
alties among them. I had two mules slightly wounded, but 
not incapacitated for duty. As soon as the guns were with- 
drawn the column returned to Malolos. 

On the afternoon of April 11th, in accordance with your 
instructions, I proceeded to Bacaue by rail with one gun of 
my platoon (with its team of four mules) and a Hotchkiss re- 
volving cannon (unhorsed), manned by a detachment of Bat- 
tery B, Utah Light Artillery, under the immediate charge of 
Corporal M. 0. Jensen, of the same battery, and reported to 
Brigadier-General Wheat on. 

At davbreak the next morning I accompanied his bri- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



gade in its advance on Santa Maria. About six a. m. a couple 
of shrapnel were fired by his order at what was thought to 
be an earthwork in a patch of woods, but nothing was de- 
veloped. He then directed me to open fire on the church in 
Santa Maria. Only the dome could be seen and thick woods 
between our position and the church made it impossible to 
observe the fall of a single shot. The range was long — about 
thirty-five hundred yards — and the fire was so unsatisfactory 
that I stopped it after firing five rounds. 

During this advance the artillery followed the firing line 
at a distance of from seventy-five to one hundred yards, and 
though somewhat delayed at the only critical period of the 
day by necessity of making a detour to avoid the fierce heat 
of the burning nipa huts of a village fired by our firing line, 
it arrived on the firing line and went into action there a very 
few minutes after our troops had opened fire on the insur- 
gents in Santa Maria. A few shots, in conjunction with the 
infantry fire, dislodged them. At this time the Hotchkiss 
cannon, which had followed the left of the line across the 
fields, being drawn by a detail of twenty infantrymen, came 
up, it having been found necessary to return to the road on 
account of the rough and broken nature of the country. Both 
guns went into action a hundred yards further on, firing at 
a few insurgents who still clung to a position in a cornfield, 
and later firing at the retreating enemy. Only three or four 
projectiles were fired from the field gun and perhaps twenty- 
five to thirty from the Hotchkiss cannon. Returning, we 
reached the railroad about ten p. m., but being unable to se- 
cure transportation that day, we camped with the infantry 
bridge guard and, taking the first train the next day (April 
13th), reached Malolos at eleven a. m. 

A period of quiet ensued, lasting until the morning of 
April 23rd. About 10:45 a. m. on that date word suddenly 
reached me that one of my sections was ordered to proceed 
at once to Quinga. One section of Battery B, Utah Light Ar- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



lillery, was also placed under my command by the Chief of 
Artillery. About 11 a. m. these two guns, and also two guns 
of Battery A, Utah Light Artillery, left Malolos for Quigna, 
arriving within half a mile of that village by noon. Here the 
First Brigade, Second Division, was awaiting the arrival of 
the artillery, preparatory to renewing the attack on the en- 
emy intrenched in the outskirts of the village. In a very 
few minutes a position was selected and the artillery was in 
action. Nor did the enemy long remain in the trenches, 
which were at an average distance of one thousand yards 
from our position. Some of them retreated in column, af- 
fording a fine target, although but a momentary one, on ac- 
count of the many trees. In this engagement the two guns 
under my charge fired about thirty projectiles. One of the 
drivers of the Utah section under my charge. Private Albp- 
nap. Battery B, Utah Light Artillery, was shot while with 
his team in rear of the firing line just before the guns went 
into action, the ball passing through his hand and grazing 
his shoulder. One shell was also fired after entering the vil- 
lage. Some two hours later I was directed by the Chief of 
Artillery to return to Malolos and bring up the other section 
of my platoon. Arriving there, I found that the Hotchkiss 
revolving cannon had also been ordered to Quinga by the 
Division Commander. I reached Quinga on my return about 
6 p. m., and was directed by the Chief of Artillery to report 
to General Hale, commanding the First Brigade, Second Di- 
vision, for instructions. Having done this, the artillery 
under my command was encamped for the night near the 
cathedral. I should also state here that during my tempo- 
rary absence at Malolos, the section which had been in action 
during that day was again in action just before dark, firing 
some four shells and shrapnel at close range into the 
trenches of the insurgents immediately across the Quinga 
Kiver. 

Before daybreak the next morning one section (Sergeant 



;340 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Markland's) was installed on the bluff overlooking the 
Quinga River, commanding the insurgent trenches and the 
bamboo foot-bridge on which it was expected to cross most 
of the troops. In the meantime the other section (Acting Cor- 
poral Jones's) and the Hotchkiss cannon took the position 
from which Corporal Jones had done his last firing the pro- 
ceding afternoon. This position was well screened, and while 
i1 commanded the enemy's trenches, it did not command the 
bridge head, so that the guns were run forward into an open 
field before opening fire. Fire was opened at 6 a. m., all three 
guns firing rapidly. I was at the last position described and 
Corporal Miller directed the first of the other guns (Mark- 
land's section) and, observed from my position, his work was 
admirable. 

In a few moments the enemy retired from his most ad- 
vanced trenches — those at the river — and began firing from 
a fringe of trees one thousand yards distant. He was searched 
out with shrapnel and soon retired again. In the meantime 
the infantry began to cross the river by the bridge and by 
fording. After covering their crossing until it became evi- 
dent that no immediate resistance was to be apprehended, 
the artillery forded the Quinga River and was all assembled 
on the further side an hour before the last of the infantry 
had crossed. After crossing the Quinga River the enemy was 
next struck about a mile northward on the Pulilan road, and 
one section of my platoon went into action behind a slight 
rise in the road, firing shrapnel against insurgents in a 
breastwork one hundred yards distant down the road. At the 
second shot they abandoned it and I hastened to the other 
two guns, which, by direction of the Brigade Commander, 
were coming into action on the right side of the road. A 
rather large number of the enemy was seen about a thousand 
yards to our right moving toward our rear. A few shrapnel 
and a few shots from the Hotchkiss cannon caused them i,o 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 341 

alter their purpose, if this was to attempt a flank movement, 
-and they hastily retreated. 

The brigade stopped at Pulilan for dinner and thence 
continued the advance toward the Bag Bag River. The en- 
•emy was again encountered about 4 p. m., intrenched just to 
the right of the road, and from the end of this trench, just to 
the right of the road, occupying a curved line slightly con- 
'Cave toward us, one thousand or more yards in extent and 
twelve hundred to fifteen hundred yards distant from us. 
When they opened fire the artillery had just halted a few 
jards in rear of the firing line and I had followed the Brigade 
'Commander a few rods off the road to the right. Here there 
was a deserted insurgent earthwork, which, strangely 
enough, faced directly toward the line then occupied by the 
enemy. This work afforded excellent cover from my guns, 
and I at once brought them into action behind it and opened 
fire almost as soon as our infantry did. The Hotchkiss can- 
non did good work here, although it became jammed for the 
second time in action that day, due to poor ammunition. Only 
four or five shots were fired from the field guns before our 
infantry advanced and the enemy fled. The command en- 
camped for the night very near the captured position. 

At 6:45 a. m. on the following day (April 25th) it was 
;again on the marcli. No sign of the enemj'^ was seen until 
we came in sight of the railroad bridge over the Bag Bag 
Eiver, where the enemy was strongly intrenched. At 10:30 
a. m. one section (Sergeant Markland's) went into action on 
■the right of the Quinga River and opened fire at 1700 yards 
on the insurgent position on the right (north) bank of the 
Bag Bag River, which is a continuation of the Quinga. A 
-number of shells and shrapnel, probably twenty-five, were 
fired^ and the fire was kept up as long as it was possible 
without danger to our infantry, which had again begun to 
advance. The cannoneers were under rather a heavy fire, 
and the limber had been somewhat withdrawn in order to 



342 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



insure the safety of the mules. In some mueh-to-be-regretted 
way, the limber-pole was snapped in two while the gun was 
in action, so that it was impossible in the limited time which 
ensuing circumstances allowed, to get this gun into the closer 
action which resulted at the river bank. Yet, had that ac- 
tion been of longer duration, this gun could have done good 
work, as the pole was temporarily repaired and the gun 
brought forward in wonderfully short time, although it ar- 
rived just too late to be of further actual service. 

In the meantime, about 10:35 a. m., the other section and 
the Hotchkiss cannon went into battery by direction of the 
Brigade Commander, some 300 j^ards nearer the insurgent 
position. After firing a few shots, the guns were ordered 
forward. I conducted them (one 3.2-inch field gun and one 
Hotchkiss revolving cannon) to the river bank oposite the 
insurgent trenches and about sixty yards from them. They 
were taken under a vicious fire, unlimbered, the field gun be- 
ing loaded. The position was, of course, far closer than ne- 
cessary, and entirely exposed, except for a slight ridge or 
breastwork some fifteen inches in height in front of it. But 
this ridge had a shallow ditch on our side of it and this af- 
forded good protection to our infantry, which had just occu- 
pied it, so that if the artillery was to be used at all it was 
necessary for the guns to advance to that line. 

The accompanying sketch shows the relative positions 
of the First and Second Brigades of the Second Division, and 
the position of the insurgents. It will be noticed that each 
brigade, in addition to its direct fire, had an enfilade fire 
against the enemy. 

All the artillery of the division was now, at 11:15 a. m., 
in action, that with the Second Brigade having first opened 
soon after my first shots were fired. Yet the enemy's fira was 
scathing. Bullets struck the gun, the ground and passed 
through the clothing of the cannoneers, yet fortunately at this 
time onlv one man was wounded. The guns were worked as 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 343 

rapidly as possible, now firing against the trenches facing us, 
now enfilading the other face of the enemy's work. When the 
insurgents' fire began to slacken slightly, I sent Corporal 
Jenson, with his Hotchkiss cannon, further to the right, where 
some opposition was still being encountered, and he did his 
work splendidly. 

At this period the infantry began fording at the fork of 
the rivers, and as soon as a number of them had reached the 
further side of the river the insurgents abandoned their posi- 
tions. During this entire action my platoon fired thirty shells 
and forty-two shrapnel and about one hundred and thirty pro- 
jectiles were fired from the Hotchkiss revolving cannon. 
Private Simmons, Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, was shot 
in the right leg above the knee, wound slight. Corporal Jen- 
son, Battery B, Utah Light Artillery, was shot in the abdo- 
men and died of his wound the next day. One mule was shot 
through the leg, but was not permanently disabled. 

I desire especially to mention Corporal Jenson for gal- 
lantry in this action for good, efficient service during the two 
days he was under my command. His fearlessness undoubt- 
edly cost him his life. I desire also to mention Acting Cor- 
poral Jones for his cool, splendid work under a close and gall- 
ing fire. In fact, all the cannoneers did their duty and more. 

About 1 :30 the artillery forded the Rio Chico, all the am- 
munition being taken out of the limber chests and carried 
across by hand. The ford was most difficult; the exit, where 
shallow, having muddy and precipitous banks. At one point 
both guns and limbers disappeared entirely from sight. After 
crossing this river my command encamped in the immediate 
vicinity for the night. 

At 11 a. m. the following day (April 26th) I received or- 
ders to move forward and take position on or near a road 
running, roughly speaking, parallel to the Rio Grande and 
about 500 yards from it. The position had been well selected 
and commanded the insurgent earthworks on the opposite 



344 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

side of the Rio Grande, and west of the railroad admirably^ 
being, at the same time, screened from hostile view. At 3 :15 
p. m. I was directed to open fire on the enemy's works, and 
some seventeen 3.2 projectiles and perhaps twice as many 
Hotchkiss projectiles were fired at ranges varying from 800" 
to 1000 yards, with apparently good effect. The insurgents 
had a gun (about a 3-5-inch muzzle-loading rifled howitzer), 
which they fired several times before we took position, but to 
no good effect; but it was on the opposite side of the railroad 
and we were unable to locate it definitely or reach it from our 
position. At 6:10 p. m, it was again fired, but was silenced 
after the first shot, although subsequent investigation proved 
that it was impossible for us to make a direct hit from where 
we were. At 7:30 a. m. the next morning, by direction of the 
Chief of Artillery, I moved one section (Sergeant Markland's) 
to the railroad storehouse, where a porthole was knocked 
through the brick end of the building. As soon as it was in- 
stalled, this gun was ordered by Brigadier-General Wheaton 
to begin firing. The other two guns opened fire shortly after- 
ward, firing slowl}'. Soon the enemy's fire slackened and all 
but ceased, and, being with them at the moment, I stopped the 
fire of the two guns, which still retained their position of the 
X)receding day. 

As there was considerable firing further down the river, 
T then moved the Hotchkiss revolving cannon down the road 
and opened fire on the detached works, which lined the other 
bank at short intervals. The hostile fire was soon silenced,, 
but the revolving cannon had scarcely regained its former 
position, when I again hurried it down the river to cover the- 
crossing on rafts of part of the Twentieth Kansas, under 
Colonel Funston. This crossing was entirely successful. Al- 
though a number of insurgents who had been driven from; 
their trenches endeavored to re-enter them, they were easily 
repulsed by a few well-directed shots from the Hotchkiss can- 
non. Leaving this gun to meet any emergency that might 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 345 

arise, I returned to the gun located in the warehouse. It was 
doing beautiful work and the insurgents were already begin- 
ning to run. A number of shrapnel were burst among them 
as thej retreated. Seeing a chance to use the Hotchkiss on 
the right of the road, I hastily sent for it and it came up with 
remarkable promptness, but nothing was left for it to do. 
During this affair of April 27th twenty-eight shrapnel and 
thirty-three shells were fired by my platoon and about sev- 
enty projectiles by the Hotchkiss. There were no casualties. 
That afternoon all of the divisional artillery encamped 
together on the left bank of the Kio Grande. 

On the afternoon of May 1st the chief of artillery directed 
me to report at 5 o'clock the following morning to Brigadier- 
General Hale at the Bag Bag river with one section of my 
platoon, one section of Battery A, Utah Light Artillery, and 
one Gatling gun. Second Lieutenant Naylor, Utah Light Ar- 
tillery, was also attached to this command. Accordingly, I 
reported to General Hale at 4:50 a. m. on May 2nd, and was 
directed to ford the Rio Chico and wait for the infantry. This 
Avas done by 4:45 a. m. The column proceeded to Pulilan, 
where it camped until the following morning, when it re- 
turned to the Bag Bag and I returned to the camp at the Rio 
Grande. That same day (May 3rd) all of the artillery was 
ferried across the river, and at about 6:45 the next morning 
took part in the advance on Santa Tomas and San Fernando. 
My guns were at the rear of the artillery column, and al- 
though always well up, such was the nature of the country 
and such the positions of the enemy that at no time could all 
the guns be brought to bear, so that my guns took no part in 
the fight which occurred at Santa Tomas and vicinity. Two 
unfordable streams with no bridges over them delayed the 
progress of the artillery until provision was made by the en- 
gineers for our crossing. Yet, as there was no further fighting 
during the next day or two, this delay was immaterial. The 
artillery reached San Fernando on Mav 5th, where it has since 



346 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



been in camp. On May 11th I received orders to send one sec- 
tion of my platoon to report to Major-Greneral Lawton, and I 
selected Sergeant Markland for this duty. He left San Fer- 
nando with his section the same afternoon. 

During the fight at the Rio Grande it became necessary to 
send Sergeant Hamilton Markland, Light Battery D, Sixth 
Artillery, with a limber, to the rear for ammunition. It was 
a hazardous duty, as during nearly the entire trip (about two 
miles) he was under a warm fire (although not an aimed one). 
He was supported by none of the excitement of battle, though 
exposed to all its dangers; yet he returned with the ammuni- 
tion in almost an incredibly short time. So important do I 
consider this service that I unhesitatingly recommend that he 
be granted a certificate of merit. 

During the bombardment of the insurgent trenches at 
Quinga river on the morning of April 24th, Corporal William 
Miller, Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, had independent 
charge of his gun, which was in position some 300 yards fur- 
ther up the river than the main battery. His gun was not 
over 100 yards from the enemy and had practically no protec- 
tion from their fire. During the action both pivot bolts of the 
elevating device broke simultaneously, completely disabling 
the gun. Yet this able gunner, under a fire which he could not 
return, calmly repaired the breakage and then continued his 
fire. He is certainly entitled to a certificate of merit for "dis- 
tinguished service." 

I also recommend that certificates of merit be awarded 
to Corporal M. C. Jensen, Battery B, Utah Light Artillery, 
and Acting Corporal Charles E. Jones, Light Battery D, Sixth 
Artillery, for distinguished service during the engagement at 
the Bag Bag River on April 25th, the details of which I have 
given above. 

Yours respectfully, 

ADRIAN S. FLEMING, 
Second Lieutenant, Sixth Artillery. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 347 

(P — Lieutenant Bridges). 

Guiguinto, I^i., May 29, 1S99. 
Major Young, __ 

Chief of Artillery, Seeor^d Division, Manila, P. I. 

Sir: — I have the honor to make,>the following report: 

At 8 o'clock on the morning of April 25th, 1899, the 
armored train was pushed from Malolos to a point on the 
track about 1200 yards from the enemy's intrenchments on 
the Bag Bag Eiver. From this point at about 11 a. m. we 
opened fire on the enemy's works, and, advancing slowly un- 
der fire, we continued firing with good effect until within 
about 150 yards of the intrenchments, when the enemy re- 
treated, leaving the trenches to be captured by our infantry. 
Our only casualty during the engagement was John Tourn- 
quist, private, Sixth Artillery, wounded. 

The enemy having destroyed a span of the bridge over 
the Bag Bag River, it was impossible to advance farther with 
the armored train. By order of Major Young, Chief of Artil- 
lery, Second Division, two Gatling guns were removed from 
the train and mounted on field carriages. We proceeded with 
the Utah Battery on April 27th to take position in front of 
enemy's intrenchments behind the Rio Grande River at Calum- 
pit. The position selected for the artillery was at a point on 
the right of the Montana regiment, about 200 yards from the 
enemy's intrenchments. In the engagement there on April 
27th, the Gatlings did very effective work in keeping down 
the fire on the Utah battery. No casualties in this engage- 
ment. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed.) C. H. BRIDGES, 

Second Lieutenant Twenty-second Infantry, Commanding 

Armored Train. 

P. S. — I am authorized by Lieutenant Bridges to add that 



g^g UTAH VOLUNTEERB. 

there was fired from the armored train at Bag Bag the fol- 
lowing ammunition: Six-pound shells, 140; Hotchkiss one- 
pounders, 1000; Gatling (smokeless), 6000. 

R. W. YOUNG, 
Major, etc. 



(G — Sergeant Anderson). 

Candaba, Luzon, P. I., June 1, 1899. 

Sir: — I have the honor to report the operations of the 
second section of Battery B, Utah Volunteer Artillery, since 
leaving my battery commander at Malolos, April 21, 1899. I 
received orders on April 20th to report to Lieutenant Boyd of 
the Fourth Cavalry, to be escorted to Bocane, reaching there 
in the afternoon of the same day. April 22nd Colonel O. Sum- 
mers took command of the Provisional Brigade. I reported 
my detachment and received orders to march April 23rd, my 
position being on the left of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infan- 
try, About 4 p. m. orders came to take the artillery to the 
front. We advanced about two miles on the gallop, going 
into action on the brow of the hill overlooking Norzagaray. 
We opened fire on the insurgents intrenched 1500 yards in 
front of us, firing four shrapnel and one percussion shell and 
silencing the front line. The natives tried to turn our right 
flank, so action right was ordered and we threw three shrap- 
nel into their advancing column, sending them in all direc- 
tions. We were then ordered to withdraw for the night. 

April 24th we started on the march for Norzagaray at 5 
a. m., the section of artillery advancing with the firing line. 
The natives opened fire about one mile from camp. The sec- 
tion went into action four times and used ten shrapnel, shell- 
ing the timber in front of our advance. At 800 yards from the 
town, Colonel Summers gave orders to shell the city with per- 
cussion shell. I directed ten percussion shells at stone build- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 349^ 

ings, and then we entered town and went into camp. We had 
advanced two miles and gone into action five times in one 
hour. 

Col. Summers, before the staff officers and the commander 
of the Thirteenth Minnesota regiment, complimented the de- 
tachment for its efficiency and quickness in handling the gun. 
About 10 a. m. the natives opened fire on our left flank 
from across the river, I was ordered out and we went inta 
action and fired four shrapnel and three percussion shells, dis- 
lodging the enemy and sending them running toward the foot- 
hills. 

April 25th we received orders to march to Angaut, about 
three miles distant. The natives opened fire on us at 1500 
yards, and Colonel Summers ordered the infantry to lie down 
and the artillery to open fire. I went into action with the 
gun at 1400 yards, firing eight shrapnel at natives on the 
outer edge of town, and nine percussion shells at a church 
and stone wall surrounding it. After entering town the na- 
tives opened fire on our left. I was told to use my own judg- 
ment in the matter, and I went into action in three places,, 
using nine shrapnel and six percussion shells at ranges from 
800 to 1500 yards. During the engagement the entire town 
was burned. We were then ordered back to Norzagaray to 
await General Lawton. The same day the natives opened 
fire on our watering place from across the river, and I was 
ordered to dislodge them. We went into action, firing one 
percussion shell at intrenchments and three shrapnel at re- 
treating natives, killing and wounding quite a number of the 
latter. 

On the 26th I received orders to report to Lieutenant 
Scott of the Sixth Artillery. We went into camp below 
Ongaut until May 1st. On May 1st, under direction of Lieu- 
tenant Scott, my section went into action on the west side of 
San Rafael, using sixteen shrapnel and one percussion shell. 
On May 2nd, under Lieutenant Scott's direction, we went into 



g50 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

action, firing five shrapnel and one percussion shell at 2000 
yards' range, entering Baliuag. 

May 4th I received orders to report to Col. Summers. I 
started at once to San Miguel. Corporal Peterson being sick, 
he v^as sent to the hospital. The insurgents were strongly 
intrenched at Maasin. They opened up a heavy fire on our 
front, and I vv^as ordered to fire upon them at once. The gun 
went into action, firing one percussion shell and four shrap- 
nel, all taking effect on the breastworks. Colonel Summers 
complimented J. W. Meranda on his good shots. We went 
into camp at Maasin until May 13th. 

On the 13th we marched to San Miguel and camped there 
till the morning of the 15th, when we started for San Isidro. 
On the night of the 16th, Lieutenant Scott's battery came up 
with us, and I again reported to him. May 17th, on account 
of Lieutenant Scott's guns getting stuck in the river, I was 
ordered to the front with my gun. I fired three percussion 
shells at retreating natives before Lieutenant Scott joined 
us, then fired two percussion shells under his directions. On 
May 18th, one section of the Sixth Artillery was attached to 
my command. 

On May 20th we marched down the river, crossing about 
twelve miles below San Isidro, then marching down to 
Cauda, crossed the river again. 

May 24:th I received orders to report to Major Bolance of 
the Twenty-second U. S, Infantry, for duty, and have been 
here since. 

Respectfully, 

JOHN A. ANDERSON, 
First Sergeant, Battery B, Utah Volunteers, Commanding 

Detachment. 



,1 !■ 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 251 



CHAPTER XXV. 



SANTA CKUZ. 



General Lawton, with the First Division of the Eighth 
Army Corps, left San Pedro Macati, on the Pasig River, on 
April 8th. The troops were embarked on cascoes and towed 
up the river to the lake, where they were met by the "Laguna 
de Bay," Major Grant's flagship, and towed across the entire 
length of the lake to Santa Cruz. On April 10th the "tinclad 
fleet," consisting of the flagship, "Oeste" and "Napindan," 
shelled the thicket along the shore with lead and shells. The 
following transcript is from the logbook of the "Oeste": 

"6:30. — Major Grant ordered 'Oeste' around the point to 
the west to protect right flank of party about to land north- 
west of town. 'Laguna de Bay' \rj close in front of Santa 
Cruz docks; 'Oeste' pulled round into a little cove as close in 
as possible, and 'Napindan' lay a half-mile down the beach 
to our right and a little in advance of General Lawton's lines, 
as they came on toward and back of the town. 

"7:20 a. m. — Scarcely had we anchored when a company of 
natives started across the open, about 1500 yards distant and 
between us and the 'Napindan.' A one-pounder was exploded 
right among them, the first shot. Most of them lay down, 
others running for cover, and several shells were fired in 
quick succession. 

"The party of cavalry that had landed on our left was 



352 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

moving up in extended order, when a line of smoke burst out 
Dot 300 yards in front of them. 

" 'Laguna' began sending her twelve-pounders over the 
heads of the cavalry into the trenches, which until now had 
not been discovered, and our starboard Gatling, one-pound- 
ers and every rifle that could be used were sending a storm 
of lead and shell into the works nearest us with a will and 
precision remarkable. 

"The cavalry (on foot) was advancing over a perfect level 
with no protection at all, firing as they came, and when those 
on the right flank were within 120 yards of the enem}', a feint 
of charging was made, which entirely unnerved them, and 
running, falling, scattering and then gathering again, seem- 
ing to be perfectly rattled, they made for the trees, a short 
distance back, and we made use of the opportunity, which 
was certainly a rare one. 

"8:10 a. m. — Firing had ceased in our quarter, and the 
cavalry waited for Lawton's line, which soon came up 
abreast of us, running and firing. ^Oeste' and 'Napindan' 
were then ordered around to the ^Laguna.' 

" 'Napindan' ran in alongside 'Laguna' and began using 
her six-pounders, and 'Oeste' was sent to patrol the mouth of 
Santa Oruz River, two miles north. As we steamed away 
the troops came through the palms on the left of town, a 
drove of natives ahead of them, and the Gatling played havoc 
among the distracted insurrectos. 

"The natives made a last stand here, but in a minute 
they were lost to view among the victorious Americans. 

"9:45 a. m. — A flag was seen on the church, and we knew 
Santa Cruz was ours." 

Grundwig, one of the cavalrymen, descvribed the work 
of the tinclads as the most beautiful he ever saw. "So en- 
trancing was the sight," he said, "that I actually forgot to 
fire my own rifle in watching the 'Laguna,' which seemed to 
be a little floating hell vomiting death over our heads. The 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 353 

slaughter was terrible, and we were burying dead niggers for 
two days. We could not bury them fast enough to prevent 
tbe dogs and hogs from eating them." 

Payate and another town were captured, with the help 
of the tinclads, and the expedition returned April 17th to 
Manila. 



13 



Qg^ ! ' UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



LAWTON'S EXPEDITIONS. 



On April 21st General Lawton's expedition started out 
from Manila to march north along the Novaliches road, or 
rather trail, and head off the retreat of the insurgents whom 
General MacArthur was to assail in front. The following 
day Novaliehes was taken. San Juan del Monte followed 
next, and they reached Norzagaray without meeting any re- 
sistance to speak of, the natives never imagining that an 
American force could possibly appear in their rear. At 
Norzagaray they met the Minnesotas and Oregons, with one 
troop of Fourth Cavalry and some Utah guns. This force 
had captured Angat two days previously. Before San Ra- 
fael a sharp cavalry skirmish took place, and Balinag fell 
with slight resistance. San Miguel was captured by Young's 
scouts, but at the dear price of that matchless scout's life. 

One column penetrated the mountains as far as Sibul 
Springs, a beautiful sulphur spring frequented by Manilaese. 
A second column captured San Isidro after a hot fight and 
reached Gapang, after capturing which they returned to San 
Miguel, whence they ultimately returned to Manila, via Ma- 
lolos. 

Another expedition to head off the insurgents under 
Generals Lawton and Hale, headed north on June 2nd. The 
two columns made a combined attack on Tay Tay, Antipolo 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 355 

and Morong. From the start it was a running fight all the 
way through the Maraquina Valley to Antipolo. The pursu- 
ing forces of Hall's column fought without a mouthful to eat 
for twenty-four hours. Despite the energetic advance, this 
resistance so delayed their arrival at Tay Tay that the natives 
escaped, when Lawton captured it. 

Morong had been captured the day before by the Wash- 
ingtons, assisted by the "Napindan." All efforts to head off 
the nimble-footed Tagalos had proved fruitless, and this ex- 
pedition returned to Manila. 

On June 12th General Lawton captured Paranique, after 
a very hot fight, and the next day Las Pinas fell, after a most 
spirited resistance. These were the last important engage- 
ments of the campaign, except those previously recorded as 
occurring around San Fernando. 



356 



UTAH VOIiUNTEERS. ' ] 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



HOME AGAIN. 



Several attacks were made upon San Fernando by the 
insurgents, in the vain hope that they might recapture it by 
some lucky accident, or else that they would be properly em- 
ployed in doing so. The last engagement in which any of 
the Utah Batterymen were engaged occurred at San Fer- 
nando .June 23, 1899. The Tagalos war was virtually over. 
The enemy might keep up a guerrilla warfare in the jungles 
of Luzon indefinitely, but Aguinaldo's soldiers had become a 
demoralized rabble, and the serio-comic farce had been 
played to its logical finale. It was a year since they had 
sailed into Manila Bay; they had fought a hundred fights; 
they had done their full duty; had written the name of Utah 
in letters of blood upon the soil of Luzon, and of gold upon 
the pages of history, and now, worn and weary, they turned 
wistful eyes toward the setting of the sun, and wondered if 
it were true indeed that they were to return to their dear 
native land. 

At last the official confirmation of the rumor came, and 
preparations for their return began to be made. The cere- 
mony of formally turning over their guns to the regulars was 
like the disruption of a life's comradeship made sacred 
through sacrifice and suffering. 

July 1st they embarked for home on the United States 
transport "Hancock" and entered the bay of San Francisco 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 357 

July 31st, the anniversary of their baptism of blood. On the 
return they stopped over at Nagasaki and Yokohama, Japan. 
Their conduct there elicited the following editorial from the 
Tokio Daily Herald: 

"Saturday, July 15th. — For the last few days we have 
had in Yokohama nearly 3000 American volunteers, who 
have completed their term of service in the Philippines, and 
are now homeward bound. They are the Utah and Nebraska 
Kegiments, on board the 'Hancock,' and the Pennsylvania 
Eegiment on board the 'Senator.' 

"Many remarks have been made about the general ajj- 
pearance of these men, who, coming as they do from hard 
fighting against the Filipinos — and the Utah and Nebraska 
Regiments have done some of the severest fighting — do not 
always present the spotless purity of appearance usual in 
soldiers on parade. 

"They are not all big men, some — and, in fact, most of 
them— showing clear traces of the campaigning and mental 
worry to which thej have been subjected by their sunburnt 
skins and somewhat cadaverous cheeks. But one thing is ap- 
parent to everybody, and that is the exemplary behavior of 
this large number of men on shore leave. 

"A few thousand soldiers are a small army, and nobody 
who has watched them can have failed to remark, as they 
roam over the town, their quiet and friendly demeanor to- 
ward Japanese and foreigners alike, and the entire absence 
of drunkenness among their ranks. The police, on whom the 
brunt of keeping order devolves in the first instance, reported 
both in Nagasaki and here, that they have not had a single 
case of refractory behavior or intoxication to deal with. 

"Large numbers of these volunteers have made the 
Grand Hotel their headquarters, and there they can be seen 
at leisure. All of them seem to have 'money to burn,' for 
they have bought curios and souvenirs of Yokohama in large 
quantities. 



358 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

"And this is not to be wondered at, as, aside from the 
fact that the American soldier is the best paid soldier in the 
world, we find that their ranks are not made up of vaga- 
bonds, who were out of a job in the first place and took the 
chance to get employment, but of intelligent men, among 
whom are bankers, lawyers, merchants, farmers, mechanics, 
etc., who left their homes when the country called for volun- 
teers to fight for its cause. And these men have done honor 
to their country and to their flag. They have shown that 
gentlemen can be fighters, and are proving now that fighters 
can be gentlemen." 

In an interview Major Grant said many of the men were 
so thin and sallow and changed in appearance that often on 
shipboard, while inspecting the hospital of the vessel, he was 
obliged to ask the names of this one and that one, although 
he knew each man as well as a year's close contact with him 
could make. 

The few days rest at the Presidio has done wonders for 
the boys ; they are sprucing up remarkably and rapidly get- 
ting into condition for muster out and the doings at home. 

The same exemplary conduct in San Francisco occa- 
sioned high encomiums from the local press. In their march 
to the Presidio the school children had strewn flowers in 
their path. At their camp the citizens had done all to do 
them honor. Here they recuperated rapidly, and by the time 
they were mustered out one could hardly recognize in the 
hale, stout men the same gaunt, worn and cadaverous forms 
which disembarked from the "Hancock." 

While they were recuperating and awaiting their muster 
out, the press and people of Utah were making the most ex- 
tensive preparations to give them an ovation worthy of their 
record. 

They were mustered out at the Presidio, California, Au- 
gust 16, 1899, but they were persuaded to keep together in a 
body to receive the welcome home intended for them by the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



359 



people of their State. Adjutant-General Burton was on the 
ground to take care that nothing was lacking to make them 
comfortable. Colonel Bruback was on hand to care for their 
transportation, which had been provided by the liberality of 
their fellow-citizens, and everything possible was provided to 
show Utah's appreciation of the splendid crown of glory 
which their valor and fortitude had placed upon the brow of 
the youngest of the States. A great number of the most 
prominent citizens had gone to San Francisco, and had as- 
sured them of the wild enthusiasm at their return, which was 
rising higher and higher as they approached the Capital City. 

Friday, August 11th, the Governor issued the following 
proclamation : 

"The people of Utah are grateful to Almighty God for 
the deliverance of their volunteers, who went forth at the 
call of the President to do battle for the Kepublic. The last 
of them are on the Pacific Coast, returning from the Philip- 
pine Islands, where for more than a year they have endured 
the hardships and sufferings of active war; 

"Now, therefore, I, Heber M. Wells, Governor of the 
State of Utah, by virtue of authority vested in me by law, 
do hereby proclaim Saturday, the 19th day of August of this 
year, a legal holiday for the purpose of general thanksgiving 
and rejoicing, and do advise and request that all places of 
business be closed on that day, and that all the people of 
the State unite in welcoming home the brave men who have 
fought so valiantly and endured so well, and in rendering 
thanksgiving and praise to the Father who has preserved 
them from the shafts of their enemies and from the ravages 
of disease; and in our rejoicing let us not forget to minister 
to the wants, and comfort the hearts of those who mourn the 
loss of their dear ones who laid down their lives in the ser- 
vice of our beloved country. 

"In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my band and 



3g() UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

caused the great seal of the State of Utah to be hereunto af- 
fixed. 

"Done at Salt Lake City, this eleventh day of August, 
A. D. 1899. 
(Seal.) 

"HEBER M. WELLS. 

"By the Governor — 

"J. T. HAMMOND, Secretary of State." 

He appointed a huge committee of representative citi- 
zens to undertake the task of raising necessary funds and 
providing appropriate methods and ceremonies for the pub- 
lic reception of the Utah Volunteers. Never were such duties 
undertaken with greater alacrity or executed with quicker 
dispatch or higher eflflciency. 

Too much cannot be said in praise of the gentlemen upon 
whom devolved the duty of raising money. In an incredibly 
brief period they had secured about $15,000.00 — much more 
than sufficient to carry out the very elaborate plans of the 
decorations and other sub-committees. 

The most striking feature of these preparations was the 
erection of a truly beautiful and artistic arch of triumph at 
the intersection of Main and Second South Streets, the busi- 
ness center of the city at that time. 

At 8:30 a. m. Saturday, August 19th, the train bearing 
the veterans of a hundred battles rolled into the station at 
Ogden. A public demonstration, which must have been ex- 
tremely gratifying, was everywhere apparent as they rode on 
the street cars up to Lester Park, where a most elaborate 
and tasteful breakfast had been spread on tables beneath 
the trees, under the auspices of the local Red Cross Society. 

At noon the train rolled into the Oregon Short Line 
railway station, and the veterans jumped hurriedly to the 
ground amid the vociferous applause of the thousands who 
crowded every available viewpoint, and the shrieking of in- 
jiumerable steam whistles. Despite the ovation which every 



«fe 



a: 

aJ 

CO 

X 




UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



361 



way-station en route had tried to accord them, they were not 
prepared for the wild abandonment of feeling with which 
they were greeted in Salt Lake City. The day was perfect, 
all the city was out, and over 15,000 visitors had arrived to 
swell the dense multitude which thronged the route of 
march. 

The Deseret Evening News said of the demonstration: 

"Fifteen months to the day after leaving Salt Lake to 
ship for war service in a land 10,000 miles over the sea, the 
Utah Volunteers re-entered their homes. 

"May 19, 1898, beheld the batteries march away, and the 
glorious Godspeed they were accorded will never be forgot- 
ten. But if their leave-taking was a memorable one, what 
shall be said of the stupendous, soul-stirring, lung-splitting, 
heart-throbbing welcome which they were accorded as they 
again set foot in their native city today? 

"It was a perfect delirium of greeting, a frenzy of popu- 
lar enthusiasm; the town turned itself topsy-turvy with de- 
light over its heroes and probably while life lasts they will 
not forget the whole-souled nature of that welcome home." 

The parade was over a mile in length, covering seven 
full blocks, and it was compact, each section following as 
closely on the heels of the other as possible. Its military 
character was, of course, the chief feature. Troop C, Ninth 
Cavalry, from Fort Douglas, made a fine appearance and 
carried themselves like true soldiers. 

The N. G. U. made a most creditable showing, and so 
did the Rough Riders, the Volunteer Cavalry and the Engi- 
neers. 

A fine feature of the parade was afforded by fraternal 
societies represented and the military organizations of the 
I. O. O. F., K. of P. and A. O. U. W., which made a striking 
appearance in their handsome uniforms. The Elks also 
showed up well. There were eleven bands in the parade, 
which seemed to vie with each other in friendly rivalry. The 



362 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

bands were, however, not as well distributed in the proces- 
sion as they might have been. The following is the order 
in which the procession moved: 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Chief of Police Hilton and platoon of officers. 

Grand Marshal, General William H. Penrose; Adjutants, 
Major W. H. Bird, Captain F. M. Bishop; aides, A. J. Malloy, 
R. L. Colburn, George E. Blair, E. L. Carpenter, G. H. Naylor 
and J. W. McHenry. 

Five orderlies to the Grand Marshal supplied from the 
Ninth Cavalry, with troop colors. 

First Regiment Band. 

Ninth United States Cavalry, under command of Lieu- 
tenant G. P. White, eighty-two men. 

Utah National Guard, First Infantry, Colonel M. L. 
Ritchie, Captain Alford, Adjutant. 

First Battalion, Major Lund; Company A, Lieutenant 
Gilbert and thirty-seven men. Company B, Captain Hassing, 
Lieutenant Durrant and thirty-one men. Signal Corps, Cap- 
tain Greenewald, Lieutenants Tobias and Scott and sixteen 
men. 

Second Battalion, Acting Major A. A. Smith command- 
ing. Company C, Captain Cannon, Lieutenants Terry and 
Carstenson and forty-five men. Company E, Captain Hay- 
wood, Lieutenants Riley and Birmingham and twenty-three 
men. 

The Grand Army of the Republic, Colonel M. M. Kaighn 
commanding; Major R. G. Sleater, Staff Adjutant. McKean 
Post, Major W. A. Stanton commanding. Maxwell Post, 
Captain W. M. Owens commanding, 200 veterans of the Civil 
War. 

Company K, United States Volunteer Engineers, Cap- 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



363 



tain F. J. Mills, Lieutenant W. B. Dougall and twenty-five 
men. 

Old cannon captured hj the batteries. 

Battalion Utah Light Artillery, Major F. A. Grant com- 
manding. Major Grant, Major R. W. Young, Lieutenant F. 
T. Hines, Adjutant. 

Battery Band, W. F. Aldrach, leader. 

Battery A, Captain E. A. Wedgwood, First Lieutenant 
G. W. Gibbs, Lieutenant W. C. Webb, Lieutenant J, A. An- 
derson. 

Battery B, Captain J. F. Critchlow, First Lieutenant R. 
C. Naylor, Lieutenant G. A. Seaman. 

Following the returned heroes was Battery C, Captain 
F. W. Jennings and seventy men. 

Troop I, Torrey's Rough Riders, Second United States 
Volunteer Cavalry, General John Q. Cannon commanding, 
Captain J. Wash Young, Lieutenants A. J. Burt and Sid 
Hooper. 

Troop C, United States Volunteer Cavalry, Captain 
Joseph E. Caine commanding; platoon commanders, Ser- 
geants Richards, Atkinson and Porter, Corporals Colbath 
and Young. Sergeant Price carried the guidon; eighty-five 
men in line. 

Veteran Artillery, Captain A, J. Taysum commanding. 
Two historic old cannon drawn along decorated with flags 
and bunting. 

Float with the alligator killed in the Pasig River near 
Manila by the battery boys. The monster, fourteen feet long, 
with open jaws, was swathed in an American flag and was 
in charge of Mascot Patrick Donohue. 

Float with forty-five young ladies, who pinned the 
badges on the battery boys. Ladies dressed in white and 
wearing red, white and blue ribbons. 



3g4 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Aides, W. T. Dinwoodey, Joseph H. Grant. 

Knights of Pythias Uniformed Band, thirty-five pieces, 
under direction of Conductor Pederson. 

Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, about eighty 
strong, with banners and badges. 

I. O. O. F. Society, Cantons Colfax and Thomas in uni- 
form, followed by subordinate lodges in the city and from 
Bingham and elsewhere, 200 strong. 

Volunteer Veteran Firemen, under command of Chief 
Ottinger, men dressed in red shirts and hauling fire appara- 
tus. Forty strong. 

Letter-Carriers' Association, twenty-five strong, with 
banner in form of a letter addressed on one side to Major 
Young and on the other to Major Grant. 

Select Knights of the A. O. U. W. Order in uniform, fifty 
strong. 

Painters' and Decorators' Union, thirty strong, with 
handsome banners and flags. 

Hyrum and Wellsville Bands, followed by citizens of 
those towns. 

THIED DIVISION. 

Aides, Dr. W. F, Beer, Harry Herrick. 

Held's band, twenty pieces. 

Italian society, with banner inscribed "Societa Italiano di 
Christophoro Colombo," and American fiags. 

Logan band, thirty pieces. 

Woodmen of the World, 100 strong, with banners and 
flags. 

Independent Order of B'nai Brith, with banners and flags. 

Federation of Labor, 100 strong, with flags. 

Springville drum corps. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



365 



Bountiful contingent, with Kaysville band and banner 
"Davis County's Welcome to the Volunteers," ladies on horse- 
back dressed in striped red, white and blue costumes. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Aides, George M. Nolan, Dr. J. A. Hensel. 
Ogden band, forty pieces, and Ogden citizens with flags 
and banners. 

Railroad employees. i 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

Aides, George M. Gannon, James E. Jennings. 
Eureka and Bingham bands, twenty and twenty-five 
pieces each, followed by residents of Eureka and Bingham. 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Aides, Charles Wells, George A. Smoot. 

Springville K. O. T. M. band, thirty-five pieces, followed 
"by Springville citizens. 

Union band, twenty pieces, followed by Union citizens. 

Bartholomew's horse show brought up the rear. 

The route lay down South Temple to Main, down Main 
under triumphal arch to State via Third South, past reviewing 
stand at north entrance to County and City Building, and on 
to Liberty Park, where the formal reception was to take 
place. 

The exercises were opened with an invocation by the ven- 
erable head of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day 
Saints, whose prayer was reported as follows: 

"All-wise and Holy Father, we, Thy servants and Thy 
children, who have come into the world for the accomplish- 
ment of certain purposes, come before Thee this beautiful 
and lovely day, and we ask Thy blessing upon us for the few 



366 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



moments that we call upon Thee. We thank Thee, Holy 
Father, that Thou hast given us this favorable opportunity 
to show our desires and wishes to honor these pioneers, offi- 
cers and soldiers that have been employed a long time in Thy 
service, and have shown a willingness to sacrifice their lives 
to carry forth the flag of this great Nation and this magnifi- 
cent Republic to islands far away; that they are willing to sac- 
rifice their lives in upholding and sustaining the flag that we 
love so well. We thank Thee, Holy Father, that we have had 
this opportunity of thus displaying our feelings and our love 
for these magnificent heroes who have accomplished wonders 
in the interest of these United States — this great Rpublic, the 
foundation of which was laid by noble, generous men, in- 
spired of Thee, and that Thou hast been favorable to this Re- 
I>ublic and hast raised up men and boys that have been 
willing to serve their country. We ask Thy further blessing 
upon them, and may they live long in the land to see the fruits 
of their labor, and see the flag that they have sustained so 
nobly, even at the sacrifice of lives — see it wave over the land 
of Luzon and a good government established there, where 
liberty shall be given to every man in the land. 

"We ask Thee for Thy blessing for those that have gotten 
up this blessed scene and have accomplished this great work 
of showing the feelings and the love and the gratitude for 
what has been accomplished by these sons of Utah. 

"And now. Heavenly Father, take us into Thy care, and 
may those that have thus fought so bravely liA'"e in a way in 
which they shall be worthy, after they have finished their 
lives in this life, to come forth in the spirit of life from whence 
we all came, and there receive that reception which is far 
greater than our imagination can conceive; greater than that 
which we have been able to give this day. And now we con- 
secrate ourselves unto Thee, and the praise and the honor and 
the glory shall be given unto Thee now and forever." 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ggj 

The Governor followed with a very appropriate felicitous 
and eloquent address of welcome, prefacing with: 

"All day long there has been a tumult of conflicting emo- 
tions in my breast, each struggling to be uppermost, joy over 
your return, pride over your achievements and satisfaction 
over the way Utah receives her soldier boys. I know my own 
emotions are but a reflex of all our citizens." 

Major Grant then presented the battalion's two tattered 
guidons to the State, in a neat little speech. 

Senator Rawlins, the only United States Senator from 
Utah at that time, had been selected as orator of the day. 
With commendable moderation, he refrained from expatiating 
his well-known anti-Administration opinions, and only raised 
the issue by asking: ''Whence did this war come? When will 
it end? And whither will it lead?" Which he adroitly and 
with unusual tact avoided by saying, "Of these things I am 
not to speak." Otherwise it was a summary of the leading 
events of the war, some well-expressed compliments to the 
soldiers, and concluded thus: 

"And now let us all join in the earnest wish that there 
will come an end to this sacrifice of human life; that the time 
may speedily arrive when we may think no more of these 
cruel wars and savage tribes; that the brazen gates of war 
may be closed, and the white-winged messenger of peace be 
permitted once again to hover over and bless the land." 

Col. Kaighn, representing the G. A. E., spoke well, feel- 
ingly and proudly of and for his organization, and welcomed 
the returned volunteers "into the ranks of the tried and true 
defenders of our country," in a few well-chosen and appro- 
priate words. 

Hon. W. H. Roylance, Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, presented the medals in behalf of the State of 
Utah, in a brief, but faultless speech. Major R. W. Young 
responded for the volunteers. Colonel John Q. Cannon was 
unavoidably absent, and the Star-spangled Banner by the 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



band closed the public ceremonies, and released the hungry 
soldiers for the "feast of fat things upon the tables," which 
had been spread in the park under the auspices of those 
angels of war, the ladies of the Red Cross Society. This was 
a royal banquet, to which the tired and hungry soldiers ad- 
dressed themselves with an enthusiasm which proclaimed 
their appreciation better than words. 

One by one they drifted away into the outer and wider 
circles of human interests, where they must face a longer, 
fiercer and more exhausting fight than that of the Philippine 
jungle. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 369 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 



MAJOR RICHARD W. YOUNG. 



Ricliard W. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Utah^ 
April 19, 1858. His father, Joseph A. Yonng (deceased) was a 
son of President Brigham Young, and his mother was Mar- 
garet Whitehead, who was still living at the time of his re- 
turn with the disbanded batteries from the Philippine islands. 
His wife was Miss Minerva Richards, daughter of Henry P. 
Richards, one of the best and most respected citizens of Salt 
Lake City. She bore to Major Young eight children, one of 
whom is dead. 

Our^hero was a cadet from the State of Utah at West 
Point, where he received his military training, and whence 
he graduated with high honors. Later he served on the staff 
of General Hancock, and for a time was Judge Advocate in 
Washington, participating in some court-martial proceedings 
of national renown. 

The life of a soldier in times of peace offered but few at- 
tractions to a temperament as ardent and energetic as that 
of Richard W. Young; consequently, we find him next prac- 
ticing law in Salt Lake City, having resigned his commission 
in the United States Army. In the practice of the law the 
future military hero did not find scope enough in which to 
exercise the restless energy and lofty enthusiasm of his soul; 
so for several years we find him editor of the leading Demo- 



370 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. . 

cratic daily of this section, tlie Salt Lake Herald, which owes 
to him no insignificant part of its proud success. 

At a lecture given by Dr. A. Prentiss in the Salt Lake 
Theater, for the benefit of the battalion, I was honored with 
an invitation to present the name of Major Eichard W. Young 
to the splendid audience there assembled, and now repeat a 
part of what I said upon that brilliant occasion: 

"When war's loud alarm drum beat through the land, 
and the voice of our country called her sons to the field, it 
found the subject of these remarks following the avocation of 
peace. Engrossed in the pursuits of happiness to be found in 
the pleasant association of friends, and the joys of the domes- 
tic circle. Among all the men I may count as friends, I never 
knew one to whom the pleasures of domestic life were so dear 
as to him. Gentle in his demeanor, social in his disposition; 
his heart bubbling over with the milk of human kindness 
formed a perennial fountain to his good nature ; broad-minded 
and considerate in his views with regard to the opinions of 
others, yet frank and courageous in the maintenance of what 
he thought to be right — he was, take him all in all, a man than 
whom none was fitter to adorn the walks of peace. 

, "And yet as those men who are gentlest with women are 
fiercest to fight men, so this man, so well furnished with the 
elements to qualify him for the pursuits of peace, possessed 
also the qualities which go to the making of a soldier — a war- 
rior. 

"He had graduated with distinction at the military school 
of our countr}^, and he could not conceive it to be the part of 
gratitude or of honor, for a graduate of West Point to remain 
at home when the Nation was calling her sons to arms, and 
hence he offered his services to our country. 

In the spring of 1898 he received his appointment as Cap- 
tain of Battery A, Utah United States Volunteers, and rank- 
ing officer of the Utah Artillery battalion. He was at the time 
in the prime of life, being forty years of age, and in excellent 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 371 

health. With characteristic vigor and ability, he assumed the 
task of fitting the more or less raw material of which the bat- 
teries were composed at that time, for the terrible work await- 
ing them beyond the wide Pacific. How efficiently was this 
duty discharged and how effective was his work, the unparal- 
leled career of that now famous command abundantly testi- 
fies. Through all the trying scenes, in camp and field, in bar- 
racks and battles, with the courage, coolness and bearing of 
the born commander, he conducted himself as a knight sans 
peur et sans reproche. 

The subsequent biography of Major Young is in a large 
measure the story of the Utah Batteries in the Spanish and 
Philippine campaigns in the Island of Luzon. Elsewhere in 
this history the part he played in those stirring scenes will 
appear, but, in order to acquaint the reader with the heart 
and mind of the gallant young officer, one or two extracts 
from his letters' are subjoined. 

To his wife, under date of April 7th, he writes: 

"I am writing in a church, one corner of which has been 
occupied by the artillerymen as quarters. The church is the 
one in which Aguinaldo took the oath of office, and in which 
the sessions of the Filipino Congress were held. 

"This morning a scouting party, composed of two and one- 
half companies of cavalry and one gun under Critchlow, has 
gone out to find whether the river is fordable. 

"Our objective point now is Calumpit, six miles up the 

country, on the largest stream of this slope (the Rio Grande), 

and we must have it. 

* * * * * 

"The little devils had a piece of light artillery, which they 
shot at us. I was considerably overcome by the heat. There 
were thirty-five men totally disabled. 

"The heat is a serious question in future campaign work. 
It will very much limit our operations. 



372 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

"We are all so wild to get home. Every moment here is 
lonesome. I have no home. My things are piled in a small, 
dirty room in barracks, and the barracks themselves are dirty. 
I suppose I might get permission to run down to Manila and 
right back, but I should not know what to do if I were there. 
I prefer to remain here in camp, sleeping among tombs, with- 
out any sort of advantages. Oh, for the transport, the ocean, 
the Golden Gate, Ogden, home! In a few weeks I will be 
there." 

In all his reports he exhibits a keen discernment, as well 
as a sympathetic appreciation of his officers and men; his 
praise is as generous as it is deserved, and through all of them 
breathes the spirit of the comrade, as well as that of the com- 
manding officer. In his report, covering the period from the 
4th to the 15th of February, he says of Lieutenant Seaman's 
detachment : 

"I am satisfied that no troops during thi-s advance have 
performed more dangerous service than the detachment under 
Lieutenant Seaman in their perilous progress upon the 
Caloocan road; too much, therefore, in my judgment, cannot 
be said in praise of their intrepidity and efficiency." 

Of Lieutenant Fleming's two guns: 

"During the advance on Caloocan, this platoon did very 
effective work under a heavy small arms fire from the enemy." 

He also speaks of Grant's and Critchlow's guns, which 
took part in the movement, as follows : 

"Extremely accurate work was done; one of the best 
shots of the campaign was at a party throwing up earthworks 
at the cemetery gate, the left side of the gate being destroyed 
at an estimated range of 2600 yards by the first shell. Shrap- 
nel proved to be effective at a range of 2000 yards in driving 
a party which advanced fearlessly from the right to take a 
flanking party under command of Major Bell, U. S. V. en- 
gineers." 

A compliment is paid to Wedgwood's battery, the men of 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 373 

which dragged their guns on the night of February 4th, for 
three miles without assistance, and driving the enemy back in 
great numbers, and paved the way for the infantry advance. 

Webb's two guns are described as silencing the enemy's 
fire in almost every instance over an arc of nearly 180 degrees. 

The two Nordenfeldts under Lieutenant Gibbs are said 
to have been handled with skill and efficiency. In one case 
the gans were brought down at double time on a 500 yards 
slope in the face of a heavy fire. This was in open view of the 
enemy and at close range and was one of the boldest and 
most commendable acts of the campaign, says Major Young. 

"1 desire to commend most heartily and without distinc- 
tion the officers and men in the organization under my com- 
mand. The amount of labor done by the men dragging guns 
and constructing earthworks has been prodigious and it has 
always been done cheerfully. All have been fearless. Com- 
pelled to advance along open roads, usually in plain view of 
the enemy without the opportunity of concealment, they have 
unshrinkingly served their guns. 

"It has, too, been a feature of these operations that in 
every advance the gunners have gone forward practically on 
the line of skirmishers. Their willingness to work and their 
intrepidity have not been more conspicuous than the skill 
with which they have handled their guns and their accuracy 
of aim." 

In a letter to Adjutant-General Burton he writes. May 
14th, 1899: "Of course, you know in part what a merry time 
we have had here since February 4th. I have not slept with- 
out my trousers, shoes and stockings on more than once since 
the fracas started. Our days have been toilsome and our 
nights much disturbed. Personally, I have been in over 
twenty-five engagements, besides being under fire numerous 
other times when we were not replying. Our batteries have 
shot away between 3500 and 4000 rounds of ammunition. We 
have blown out vent after vent, and have had to have new 



374 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



breech blocks on several of our guns. We have had eleven 
men die, eight killed and three of natural deaths, and have 
had seventeen or eighteen wounded. The record vp^ould have 
been much greater had it not been for our wonderful luck 
and the fact that there has always been a part of the com- 
mand lying idle for the time guarding some weak but threat- 
ened part of the line. On one of Critchlow's guns at Bag Bag 
the other day two men were killed, one had his knee shot 
away, two were struck with spent bullets, and the piece was 
struck in several places. At the same time a corporal on an- 
other piece was killed, and shortly after another man 
wounded. Such work as that is nearly annihilating. We 
have commanded the — what shall I say? — admiration of the 
division, time after time; our boys have taken our guns, all 
exposed, up to within even sixty yards of entrenched 'nig- 
gers,' but of all this I can better tell you some evening when 
yon, your wife and the Governor are seated with me at home 
and we sit down for a little 'chalktalk.' " 

But Eichard W. Young was more than a gallant soldier 
and an able commander. His remarkable administrative 
abilities attracted the attention of his superiors, and won the 
admiration of the Commanding General. The State of Utah 
may well be proud of the fact that one of her sons, the sub- 
ject of this sketch, was one of the two Americans selected to 
compose the first Supreme Court of the Philippine islands. 
As a Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court, he will fill a 
position of tremendous responsibility and arduous labor, at 
the same time one of exceptional honor and unique usefulness 
to his country. 

B. H. ROBERTS, M. C. 



UTAH VOLUNTli:ERS. 375 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



MAJOR F. A. GRANT. 



When history recounts the last battles in defense of our 
Nation's honor, high in the rank of military heroes will stand 
the gallant commander of the Utah Volunteers. 

Major Frank A. Grant was born in Kingston, Canada, in 
1855. The science of war he studied in Kingston Military 

College, when he graduated with honors in Soon 

after leaving college he came to the United States, settling in 
Detroit, and vowing his future allegiance to the Stars and 
Stripes. Here, through his own energy and business tact, he 
succeeded in winning the confidence of a steamship company, 
which appointed him one of its officers. Whilst doing duty 
for his company on the boats which plied on the lakes, he 
acquired valuable knowledge which made him the successful 
marine of the Pasig River. He came to Utah in 1889. Since 
his arrival in the State he has been ranked as a safe and 
successful business man, and socially a man of a most con- 
genial disposition. 

When the call for volunteers came he was the first to 
offer his services. The Chief Executive of the State, knowing 
that Major Grant was a thorough soldier and would make a 
most efficient commander, appointed him Captain of Battery 
B. He donned the military garb becoming his rank, headed 
a column of Utah volunteers, and left that day for San Fran- 
cisco. Here he remained for some time awaiting orders to set 



376 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

sail for Manila bay. Final orders came, and he, with his brave 
comrades embarked on the transports which were to bear 
them to Manila. 

He was placed in charge of the flotilla that did such ad- 
mirable work in exploring the Pasig River. In this responsi- 
ble position he proved himself a veritable naval commander. 
When Santa Cruz was attacked by the brave squadron of the 
Fourth Cavalry, Major Grant, by a strategic movement of the 
Laguna de Bay, protected them from being slaughtered by 
the enemy, who were safely and advantageously intrenched on 
the hill sides. When the insurgents saw the position of the 
"boys in blue," who, resting on a small promontory that jutted 
into the lake, were unable to reconnoiter their harbor of safe- 
ty they poured hot shot and shell into their ranks. Major 
Grant, realizing to its fullest extent the peril of the occasion, 
shouted to his command, "Turn the Catlings on the devils,, 
don't let them shoot down our boys without replying." How 
well they fought and followed the war cry of their military 
commander may be learned from the fact that after a short,. 
sharp and vigorous battle the insurgents were routed and 
Santa Cruz came under the dominion of the Stars and Stripes. 
Whilst victory crowned every attack made by the flotilla, the 
plaudits of his grateful countrymen he would share with the 
brave heroes who carried out his commands. Unselfish in his 
nature, and with the generous Impulses of a true soldier, Major 
Grant won the confidence and good will of his superiors, and 
endeared himself to every man in his command. He entered 
the army as Captain, but, owing to his military tactics and his 
success as a strategist, in directing on the upper Pasig River 
the attack on Santa Cruz from the Laguna de Bay, he was 
deservedly promoted to the rank of Major. Under this meri- 
torious title he was mustered out of the service of the United 
States. He, with his loyal and heroic volunteers, returned 
to Salt Lake, August 19th, 1899. A royal reception awaited 
them. From all parts of the State special trains brought 



a ^ 




MAJOR FRANK A. GRANT. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 377 

crowds who wished to see the conquering heroes of the Pasig 
River. The ovation given will never be forgotten. Major 
Grant pronounced it a sufficient recompense for all the Utah 
boys endured. Frank A. Grant has returned to civil life, 
studiously and modestly avoiding notoriety. As a loyal, pa- 
triotic citizen, he gave his services to his country. Caesar, 
after conquering Pharnaces, announced his victory in three 
memorable words, veni, vedi, vici. Major Grant can as 
truly say of his expedition to the Philippines, veni vidi vici. 
The State of Utah feels proud of its volunteer soldiers, and 
doubly so of the great fighter who led them to victory. 

D. KIELY, Vicar-General. 

The editor of the History of the Utah Volunteers has in- 
terviewed a great number of the returned batterymen in 
regard to their experiences, and he has found a general and 
enthusiastic admiration for Major Frank A. Grant. When 
one considers the great friction which must invariably arise 
between officers and volunteers under our American military 
system, and the strong irritation which the volunteer must 
invariably experience in forgetting his own individuality and 
merging his sense of independence into that of the vague 
martial sentiment generally known as esprit de corps. The 
strong feeling of admiration with which Major Grant has in- 
spired the volunteer soldiers of the Utah Battalion is most 
remarkable. As one of the most intelligent privates ex- 
presses it, "If a fellow was in trouble, or wanted any favor, 
even if it was to borrow a dollar, some one would always say, 
'Go to Captain (afterwards Major) Grant, and he will fix you 
up.' He will do anything for the boys." 

Another non-commissioned officer admiringly stated that 
''He was as brave as a lion and after the ball opened, he was 
always to be found where he ought to be." 

But the most striking, unstinted and unimpeachable trib- 
ute of praise was the spontaneous admiration with Which the 
Colorado boys, who stopped off for an hour or two in Salt 



g78 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Lake September 11th, always associated the name of Frank A. 
Grant. One asked if the Major wasn't one of the big Mor- 
mons. Considerable surprise was expressed when told that 
he was not, and another of the Colorado boys said, "Why we 
thought he must be a big man here, because, I will tell you, 
he could not be much bigger than he is out in Manila. We all 
thought Grant and Young at the very top of military great- 
ness and honor." 

"The fact is," said another, "there are no more famous 
names connected with the campaigns in the Philippines." 

Said another, "Those Utah boys are simply out of sight. 
They are wonders. I believe they could take the ear off of a 
Filipino pony with one of their shells." 

Said another, "They are the marksmen of the world, and 
you can just bet Young and Grant and all your officers and 
men were just the heart of the whole army." 

Another remarked somewhat deliberately, "Your Dewey 
of the army is all right. He made a record that any man 
might envy. His tin-clad fleet would make his fame in any 
navy, and his work in the field would make him famous in 
any army." 

There were quite a number of admiring expressions and 
eulogistic sentiments uttered by all with whom I came in con- 
tact, and there certainly was not a discordant note heard in 
the universal panagyric. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



379 



CHAPTER XXX. 



CAPTAIN E. A. WEDGWOOD. 



Captain Wedgwood was born in Lowell, Mass., May 2, 
1856; father's name was Andrew J.; mother's, Theresa A. 
Gould. Served as Sheriff of Hall county, Neb., 1885 to 1890. 
In 1890 moved to Provo City, Utah, which place has since 
been his home. His profession is that of attorney-at-law. 
Was appointed First Lieutenant in Battery B by Governor 
Wells May 4, 1898. Was with the battery at Camp Kent, 
Utah, and at Camp Merritt, San Francisco, Cal. June 14th, 
under orders from headquarters, he left San Francisco for 
Utah to recruit one hundred and four additional men for the 
batteries. With recruits, left Salt Lake for San Francisco 
June 29th, arriving there July 1st. June 20th he was taken 
sick with typhoid fever, but kept upon his feet and performed 
his duties until July 3rd. July 5th Lieutenant Disc, Califor- 
nia Heavy Artillery, was placed in command of recruits. 
July 6th was taken to Lane Hospital, San Francisco, where 
he remained until August 8th. Recruits sailed for Manila 
July 22nd on transport "Rio Janeiro," under command ot 
Lieutenant Foster, where they arrived and joined batteries 
on August 28th. August 10th he reported to General Miller 
for duty and was attached to Wyoming Light Battery. Au- 
gust 17th was granted thirty days' sick leave by order from 
Department Headquarters. August 23rd relinquished sick 
leave and was attached to Twenty-third United States In- 



380 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

fantry at his own request. Left San Francisco on the ''Scan- 
dia" August 27th; arrived in Manila October 4th and re- 
ported for duty October 7th. Appointed Captain of Battery 
A by Governor Wells November 23rd; mustered in as such 
November 24th; commanded sections one and tv70 in the bat- 
tle of February 4th and 5th at Sampalog Cemetery; remained 
in command of those sections, near Blockhouse 5, until Feb- 
ruary 20th; on that date took command of artillery at Water- 
works Pumping Station, and participated in engagements at 
that point until April 12th. April 13th, with Sections one 
and two, joined artillery, under command of Major Young, 
at Malolos. Participated in the battle of Quinga, April 23rd. 
Slightly injured at Quinga; rejoined battery at Calumpit 
April 27th. Participated in the battle before San Fernando, 
with Gen. Hale's brigade, at Santa Tomas, May 4th. Artil- 
lery entered San Fernando May 6th, where he remained with 
it and participated with it in engagements at that point until 
June 24th, when it returned to Manila, preparatory to return 
home. 




CAPT. EDGAR A. WEDGWOOD. 
[Photo by Johnson.] 



Si 







CAPT. JOHN F. CRITCHLOW, 
tPhoto by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. Pj^l 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



CAPTAiy JOHN F. CRITCHLOW 



Captain John F. Critchlow was born at Tonawanda, 
near Buffalo, in Xew York State, in 1867. He attended the 
Rochester University, and after graduating therefrom he 
entered the University of Pennsylvania. He there studied 
medicine for several years and was graduated in 1894. Early 
in 1896 the Ca^jtain came to Utah and, locating in Salt Lake 
City, he began the practice of medicine. For some time he 
was a jjracticing i>hysician at St. Mark's Hosjjital. He was 
hardly settled down in his new home in this State when the 
ojjportunity was lyreaented him of joining the Hospital Corjjs 
of the National Guard, and while discharging the duties as- 
signed him as a member of the corps, the call came for volun- 
teers. 

On the field he has distinguished himself, and those who 
have followed the acts of the "Utah boys" will ever remem- 
ber the recorded deeds of valor performed by Captain Critch- 
low. The fact that he left here as Second Lieutenant and has 
worked up by merit to a Captaincy, is perhaps a stronger 
testimony than any words can be of the undaunted courage 
and the excellent services of this estimable young man. 

Captain Critchlow was one of the officers specially men- 
tioned by Major Young in his report to Oovernor Wells, and 
to the War Department, for deeds of heroism performed 
upon the battlefield under circumstances of a most trying 
character. It was for them that he was promoted. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXII. 



LIEUTENANT GEORGE A. SEAMAN. 



Lieutenant George A. Seaman was born in Richville, 
Morgan County, Utah, February 28, 1870. He is a son of 
Hon. John Seaman. He was educated in the public schools 
of the State, the Ogden High School and the Normal Depart- 
ment of the LTniversity of Utah. In three years he completed 
the normal course and received his diploma. He learned 
military tactics at the State Military School, graduating as 
Honor Cadet. 

In 1891 he became principal of the Harrisville schools. 
He accepted a call in the spring of 1893 to go as a missionary 
of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to Great 
Britain. Returning in 1895, he resumed his work of teaching 
at the Weber Stake Academy. The following February he 
was married to Lottie Fox, made his home in Ogden, and 
later was principal of schools at Wilson Lane and East Boun- 
tiful, being employed at the latter place when the call came 
for volunteers. 

He enlisted as a private in Battery A, May 3, 1898. When 
the batteries were organized he was made Gunner Corporal, 
which position he held until November 25, 1898. When the 
organization became a battalion he was appointed Second 
Lieutenant of Battery B, and was made commissary officer 
for the battalion January 4, 1899. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ggg 

During the Filipino insurrection he held a number of ex- 
X)Osed positions, four of his men being wounded during the 
engagements. While commanding a detachment at Oaloo- 
can, February 13, 1899, he received a flesh wound in the right 
leg, which confined him to the hospital five weeks. After 
recovering from his wound, he returned to the field, where 
he remained until the battalion weut into camp preparatory 
to embarking for home, leaving with the company July 1, 
1899. 



384 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



LIEUTENANT FRANK T. HINES. 



Frank T. Hines, the «on of Frank L. Hines, was born in 
Salt Lake City April 11, 1879. At the age of 12 Hines start- 
ed to gain an education, graduating from the public schools 
of Salt Lake at the age of 17. He studied civil engineering 
at the State Agricultural College at Logan, and there gained 
an insight into military tactics. 

When the non-commissioned officers of Battery B were 
<;hosen, Hines was made the ranking Duty Sergeant of that 
battery and remained such until July 16, 1898. He was pro- 
moted to First Sergeant, vice Louis B. Eddy. This position 
he held during the campaign against Manila, taking an active 
part in the baptism of fire on July 31 to August 1st. 

In the bombardment of Manila on August 13th, First 
Sergeant Hines was in command of one piece of artillery and 
received special mention for his work upon this occasion. 

During the dreary hours of garrison duty from August 
13, 1898, to February 4, 1899, First Sergeant Hines and Don 
C. Musser founded the American newspaper "Freedom." 

On March 17, 1899, at the age of 19 years, he was again 
promoted to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Second Lieutenant Orrin R. Grow. 

Lieutenant Hines took part in most of the engagements 
of his battery, not missing one day's duty, besides serving as 
second in command on the United States gunboat "Laguna 





LIEUT. GEO. A. SEAMAN. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



i;\>;?fxr^^^^':s 




LIEUT. FRANK T. HINES. 



tPhoto by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3g5 

-de Bay'' for over a month prior to the return of the batteries. 
Upon the promotion of Captain Grant to Major, Lieutenant 
Hines was made Battalion Adjutant, which position he held 
with honors until the batteries were mustered out on August 
16, 1899, at San Francisco, Cal. He has the distinction of 
being the youngest artillery officer in the Eighth Army 
Cycrps. 



14 



386 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



LIEUTENANT E. 0. NAYLOR. 



Lieutenant R. C. Naylor was born in Salt Lake Citj in 
1873. He is physically and soundly a true soldier son of whom 
Utah may well be proud. His education was received in the 
public schools of Utah Territory. The education there re- 
ceived was rounded off with a training at the University, from 
which he was graduated with honors. He afterward taught 
school for several years and was engaged in that labor in 
Farmington when the call to arms was sounded. Those who 
were best acquainted with him were not surprised that he 
stepped to the front and cast his lot with those who were will- 
ing to brave all danger for their country if need be. Lieuten- 
ant Naylor was always possessed of a certain amount of mili- 
tary spirit, which showed itself in time of peace by his join- 
ing the National Guard, in which he was a Captain for two 
years. He afterward became a Major, and later he held the 
rank of Assistant Inspector-General, with the rank of Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. He discharged the duties of this office for two 
years just previous to his departure for the battle front. He 
is a worthy representative of a free State, whose determina- 
tion to enter the lists was born of a military spirit which led 
him to consider no sacrifice too great if obedience to his coun- 
try's call was demanded. 

June 28th he was promoted to First Lieutenant and as- 
signed to Battery B. He has the proud distinction of having 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 3g7 

invented the "artillery eliarge," which the short-range work of 
the Utah Battalion on the firing line was facetiously called. 
He was recommended for gallantry and efficiency by General 
Hale. His treatment of his men was so appreciated by them 
that Sections five and six, his regular platoon, presented him 
with a handsome sword, and Sections five and six, Battery B, 
which he commanded for a month and a half, presented him 
with a gold watch. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



LIEUTENANT ORRIN R. GROW. 



Second Lieutenant Orrin R. Grow, the youngest of the 
commissioned oflQcers of the Utah batteries when they left 
this city for the Philippines, was born in the Nineteenth Ward 
of Salt Lake City, October 20, 1873. As a lad he attended the 
district schools of this city and later was enrolled at the Uni- 
versity of Utah, where he remained several years. He com- 
menced his military life in 1889, when he joined the Denhalter 
Rifles as bugler. He was soon promoted to a sergeant's posi- 
tion — then to a Lieutenancy. 

On March 23, 1892, when the Denhalter s joined the Na- 
tional Guard of Utah in a body, Mr. Grow, then First Lieuten- 
ant, was unanimously chosen Captain of the company, which 
has been known ever since as Company A. Later he wa» 
elected Major of the First battalion, which position he held 
when war was declared with Spain. 

Governor Wells appointed Mr. Grow Second Lieutenant 
of Battery B. He left with the battery for Manila May 20th, 

1898, and remained with that organization until January ISth^ 

1899, when he sailed for home, because of serious ill health. 
He arrived home February 21st, 1899. 

At that "baptism of fire," as the battle of Malate, July 















LIEUT. RAY C. NAYLOR. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 




LIEUT. ORRIN R. GROW. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. gg^^ 

31st, 1899, was called, the young Lieutenant won the undy- 
ing admiration of the men who served under him. No veteran 
could have commanded the situation with greater coolness 
and intrepidity. His comrades delight to call him "the hero of 
Malate." Col. Hawkins, who was in command of the trenches,, 
commended him for gallantry and efficient service. 



390 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



LIEUTENANT WILLIAM C. WEBB. 



Was born in England Marcli 15, 1873, and came to Utah 
several years ago, and made Salt Lake his home. 

Like Lieutenant Grow, he was a member of the Denhalter 
Rifles before the National Guard was organized. When the 
Denhalters joined the State militia, he was a Second Lieu- 
tenant, and held that position in the Guard. When Grow was 
promoted from Captain of Company A, N. G. U., to Major of 
the First Battalion, Webb was elected Captain, which posi- 
tion he held until he was appointed Second Lieutenant of Bat- 
tery A of the Utah volunteers. 

While in the Philippines he made an excellent record as 
a cool, steady, fearless officer. He was in command of the 
gunboat ''Oeste," which caused the natives of the islands so 
much annoyance as it plied up the Pasig river. Lieutenant 
Webb is an assayer by occupation. He fitted out, armed and 
armored the two gunboats ''Oeste" and "Covadonga," com- 
manding each in turn. 

The appointment to a Lieutenancy in the regular army 
came in accordance with a request from the President to 
General Otis that he choose Second Lieutenancies from each 
volunteer regiment doing service in the Philippines one man 
distinguished for gallantrj'^ and efficient service. Lieutenant 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 39 X 

Webb is certainly deserving of the appointment. Only 
eleven men were so designated by General* Otis. 

Extract from a Salt Lake daily: 

"The energy, enthusiasm and utter indifference to danger 
displayed by Lieutenant Webb in many a battle have en- 
deared him to his comrades and furnished themes for corre- 
spondents, not only of Utah papers but of other States, and 
particular reference has been made to his conduct in the lead- 
ing illustrated weeklies of the East." 



392 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 



FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE W. GIBBS 



was born in Framingham, Mass., June 5, 1857. He completed 
liis education at the Newton High School of Newton, Mass. 
The father of Lieutenant Gibbs was a veteran of the Civil 
war and a descendant of one of the old and highly respected 
families of Massachusetts. Lieutenant Gibbs was connected 
with the National Guard of Massachusetts, Montana and 
I'tah, holding commissions as Captain of Cavalry, Montana; 
Captain and Major of Light Artillery, Utah. He organized 
the first troop in Montana and the first light battery in Utah; 
afterwards was Major of Utah Battalion of Light Artillery, 
N. G. U. He is Past Colonel of Montana Division Sons of 
Veterans, being organizer of the first Sons of Veterans camp 
in that division. He was chief of the Helena Fire Depart- 
ment two years, and is a member of the National Association 
•of Fire Engineers. He served eight years as deputy and un- 
der-sheriff of Lewis and Clark county, Montana, and was 
deputy sheriff for two years of Salt Lake county, Utah. 
When volunteers for the Spanish war were called for he ten- 
dered his services to Governor H. M. Wells of Utah and was 
commissioned First Lieutenant of Light Battery A, Utah 
. Artillery, U. S. V., serving with that organization through 
the Spanish war in the Philippines and against the insur- 
gents until command was mustered out August 16, 1899. 
During the whole campaign was acting ordnance officer of the 
battalion. He is credited on his discharge with thirteen en- 
gagements with the enemy. He was recommended for brevet 
for skill and bravery at the battle of Santa Mesa February 
-5, 1899. 




LIEUT, W. C. WEBB. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 







LIEUT. GEO. W. GIBBS. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 



LIEUTENANT J. A. ANDERSON. 



Lieutenant J. A. Anderson is one of the boys who worked 
himself up from the ranks during the war. By sheer force of 
ability and reliability in times of trouble he was promoted to 
the position he now occupies. When the battalion went away 
to try its fortunes in the Philippine archipelago he was a 
duty Sergeant in Battery B. War, while not to his liking, 
quickly developed in him an unconquerable spirit of Mars,; 
which proved of benefit not only to himself but to the cause 
that he and his comrades represented. 

Lieutenant Anderson is 25 years of age. He was bom 
in Smithfield, Cache county, and is a millman hj trade. He- 
was promoted from Battery B into a Lieutenancy in Bat-; 
tery A. ; 



394 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 



ROSTER OF BATTERIES A AND B, UTAH LIGHT AR- 
TILLERY, U. S. v., MUSTERED INTO THE SERVICE 
OF THE UNITED STATES, MAY 9TH, 1898. 



Prom original muster rolls of Utah's Volunteers: 
BATTERY A. 

Captain — Richard W. Young, Salt Lake City. 
First Lieutenant — George W. Gibbs, Salt Lake City. 
Second Lieutenant — Ray C. Naylor, Salt Lake City. 
Second Lieutenant — W. C. Webb, Salt Lake City. 
First Sergeant — Ethan E. Allen, Salt Lake City. 
Quartermaster Sergeant — Harry A. Young, Ephraim. 
Veterinary Sergeant — John H. Meredith, Kaysville. 

Sergeants — 
Joseph O. Nystrom, Salt Lake City. 
Daniel H. Wells, Salt Lake City. 
Emil V. Johnson, Salt Lake City. 
Emil Lehman, Salt Lake City. 
Ford Fisher, Salt Lake City. 
Will F. Aldrach, Clear Lake. 

Corporals — 
Arthur W. Brown, Salt Lake City. 
William D. Riter, Salt Lake City. 
Alfred L. Robinson, Mount Pleasant. 
Charles E, Varian, Salt Lake City. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 395 



Charles R. Mabey, Bountiful. 

A. L. Williams, Salt Lake City. 

Lewis P. Hanson, Salt Lake City. 

Noble A. McDonald, Salt Lake City. 

William Kneass, Salt Lake City. 

George S. Bacbman, Salt Lake City, 

George A. Seaman, Bountiful. 

William Call, Bountiful. 

Thomas R. Smith, Logan. 

Mark E. Beasant, Pleasant Grove. 

George O. Larson, Dover. 

Farriers — 
Hans P. Hansen, Salt Lake City. 
William M. Clawson, Kaysville. 

Artificers — 
Buriah Wilkins, Coalville. 
Vincent A. Smith, Park City. 

Saddler — 
Victor E. Marthini, Park City7 

Musicians — 
Elmer G. Thomas, Salt Lake City. 
George K. Fisher, Salt Lake City. 

Wagoner — 
James W. Allred, Ephraim. 

Privates — 
Joseph F. Anderson, Ephraim. 
Louis P. Anderson, Ephraim. 
John W. Beemus, Gunnison. 
John H. Berlin, American Fork. 
Robert L. Bostwick, Salt Lake City. 
Archibald Bradford, Murray. 
John W. Campbell, Salt Lake City. 
Harold L. Caulkins, Salt Lake City. 
P. B. Christensen, Ephraim. 
Theo. Christensen, Salt Lake City. 



^96 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Theo. Cleghorn, Salt Lake City. 
Thomas Collins, Salt Lake City. 
William T. Denn, Nephi. 
George E. Doty, Richmond, Utah. 
George Duffln, Salt Lake City. 
Leonard Duffin, Salt Lake City. 
William Earl, Centerville. 
William G. Ellis, Salt Lake City. 
Alfred Eckstrand, Salt Lake City. 
William Edwards, Salt Lake City. 
Frank W. Emery, Park City. 
Oscar A. Feninger, Park City. 
George Frankenfield, Salt Lake City. 
P. B. Frederickson, Eureka. 
Ezra S. Funk, Sterling. 
Leo N. Gledhill, Gunnison. 
Frank T. Harmer, Springville. 

W. H. Hennefer, Salt Lake City. 

Samuel H. Hesburg, Salt Lake City. 

Joseph J. Holbrook, Bountiful. 

Chester J. T. Hope, Salt Lake City. 

Ephraim B. Howells, Park City. 

Lindsay Hudson, Salt Lake City. 

Thomas J. Hughes, Park City. 

x4.ner O. Humphrey, Springville. 

William Jacobsen, Salt Lake City. 

Charles G. Jenicke, Salt Lake "City. 

Peter Jensen, Newton. 

Henry O. Jones, Newton. 

John T. Kennedy, Park City. 

Eay Kenner, Sterling. 

Charles W. Krogh, Salt Lake City. 

Warren Larson, Ephraim. 

William H. Leaver, Salt Lake City. 

John B. Lickelderer, Salt Lake City. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ' 397 



Arthur L. Louder, Nephi. 
Ernest E. Lowry, Sterling. 
August E. Lyngberg, Salt Lake City. 
Heile M. Madsen, Gunnison. 
:>Telson E. Margetts, Salt Lake City. 
Joseph H. Morgan, Park City. 
David Mortensen, Salt Lake City. 
Michael McMurray, Clear Creek. 
W. F. McLaughlin, Park City. 
William Nelson, Jr., Salt Lake City. 
Neils Neilson, Pleasant Grove. 
Theo. M. Newman, Salt Lake City. 
Charles Parsons, Salt Lake City. 
William E. Perret, Salt Lake City. 
Frank E. Peters, Salt Lake City. 
Charles Peterson, Salt Lake City. 
Frank C. Peterson, Ogden. 
M. C. Phillips, Salt Lake City. 
James Quinn, Park City. 
Severn Rasmussen, Park City. 
E. W. Rauscher, Nephi. 
W. J. Robinson, Park City. 
Wilbur I. Rowland, Salt Lake City. 
John L. Robison, Pleasant Grove. 
Isaac Russell, Salt Lake City. 
Michael F. Ryan, Salt Lake City. 
William A. Ryver, Salt Lake City. 
Emil F. Selmer, Salt Lake City. 
Harold E. Sleater, Salt Lake City. 
J. W. Sorensen, Salt Lake City. 
Stanley Staten, Springville. 
Edgar W. Stout, Halliday. 
Arthur L. Thomas, Jr., Salt Lake City. 
Lehi Thomas, Coalville. 
-John A. Tilson, Salt Lake City. 



398 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

William Tipton, Springville. 

Francis B. Tripp, Salt Lake City. 

Francis Tuttle, Bountiful. i 

Edward G, Wood, Logan. 

John R. Woolsey, Kaysville. 

S. A. Wycherley, Coalville. 

Homer W. Wyne, Salt Lake City. 

John G. Young, Salt Lake City. 

John F. Zahler, Bountiful. 

BATTERY B. 

Captain — Frank A. Grant, Salt Lake. 

First Lieutenant — Edgar A. Wedgwood, Provo, 

Second Lieutenant — John F. Critchlow, Salt Lake. 

Second Lieutenant — Orrin R. Grow. 

First Sergeant — Louis B. Eddy, Eureka. 

Quartermaster Sergeant — Don R. Coray, Provo. 

Veterinary Sergeant — Felix Bachman, Provo. 

Sergeants — 
Frank T. Hines, Salt Lake. 
Louis M. Fehr, Salt Lake. 
Horace E. Coolidge, Manti. 
Chas. G. Forslund, Salt Lake. 
J. A. Anderson, Logan. 
Charles Aspdunld, Fairview. 

Corporals — 
V Peter Olsen, Logan. 
, Richard L. Bush, Logan. 
Robert Stewart, Plain Cit}^ 
A. E. St. Morris, Salt Lake. 
John T. Donnellan, Salt Lake. 
Theo. L. Center, Salt Lake. 
W. Q. Anderson, Logan. 
G. B. Wardlaw, Ogden. ; 

Andrew Peterson, Jr., Manti. 
Nephi Otteson, Manti. ; 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 399 



€. C. Clapper, Mercur. 
Nephi Reese, Mercur. 
John U. Buchi, Provo. 
James J. Ryan, Mercur. 
John A. Boshard, Provo. 

Farriers — 
Fred. P. J. Blake, Salt Lake. 
Fred. D. Sweet, Ogden. 

Artificers — 
Frank Dillingham, Eureka. 
Lee A. Curtis, Ogden. 

Saddler — 
Louis Miller, Ogden. 

Musicians — 
Fred. H. Crager, Salt Lake. 
Joseph F. Grant, Salt Lake. 

Wagoner — 
Antone Liljeroth, Provo. 

Privates — 
John Abplanalp, Heber. 
M. H. Ackaret, Ogden. 
David M. Anderson, Peterson. 
Peter Anderson, Richfield. 
Bert W. Austin, Bingham. 
John Baker, Eureka. 
John W. Beasley, Provo. 
C. G. Billings, Eureka. 
Einer Bjarnson, Spanish Fork. 
Stephen Bjarnson, Spanish Fork. 
Godfrey J. Bluth, Ogden. 
Arthur Borkman, Mercur. 
Fred A. Bumiller, Salt Lake. 
James K. Burch, Ogden. 
John Braman, Bingham. 
Augustus Branscom, Ogden. 



^QQ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. [' '■'^^^^-,_ 

John D. Bridgman, Salt Lake. 
Joseph W. Carr, Ogden. 
V. L. Chamberlin, Ogden. 
F. D. Chatterton, Salt Lake. 
Eugene Chatlin, Castle Gate. 
Theo. Christensen, Salt Lake. 
W. J. Collins, Salt Lake. 
B. F. Conover, Prove. 

F. H. Coulter, Ogden. 
Jasper D. Curtis, Ogden. 
John Dalgetty, Eureka. 
Phillip Dallemore, Lehi. 

E. V. de Montalvo, Mercur. 
Elmer Duncan, Heber. 
James M. Dunn, Tooele. 
D. A. Dunning, Provo. 
H. H. Dusenberry, Provo. 
Joseph Doyle, Mammoth. 
W. H. Fames, Salt Lake. 
: J. B. Ferguson, Park City. 
J. E. Flannigan, Mammoth. 
P. B. Florence, Ogden. 
Charles I. Fox, Salt Lake. 
M. T. Goodwin, Heber City. 
Loren C. Green, American Fork. 
I Parker J. Hall, Ogden. 

Walter S. Hall, West Portage. 
Jacob A. Heiss, Salt Lake. 
Peter Herbertz, Castle Gate. 
John Hogan, Ogden. 
T, A. Hoggan, Jr., Manti. 
Parley P. Holdaway, Provo. 

G. H. Hudson, Mercur. 
John W. Hughes, Eureka. 

'; Hans Jensen, Hyde Park. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 401 



M. C. Jensen, Castle Gate. 
D. C. Johnson, Springville. 
John B. Kell, Eureka. 
Samuel King, Eureka. 
George Lacey, Manti. 
G. R. Larson, Manti. 
D. V. Lawson, Joseph. 
S. C. Lewis, Salt Lake. 
James McCabe, Eureka. 
Leonard McCarty, Manti. 
J. W. Meranda, Eureka. 
A. P. Nielson, Spanish Fork. 
Reinhardt Olsen, Milton. 
Marshall Quick, Provo. 
Richard H. Ralph, Eureka. 
George R. Rees, Silver City 
C. W. Robinson, Ogden. 
W. H. Savage, Eureka. 
Hyrum C. Scott, Provo. 
P. D, Schoeber, Salina. 
W. H. Shearer, Salt Lake. , 
Jerome Smith, Tooele. 
Junius C. Snow, Provo. 
Harry S. Snyder, Provo. 
Henry L. Souther, Mercur. 
John P. Tate, Tooele. 
Thomas W. Thornberg, Ogden. 
Moroni Turner, Heber. 
S. P. Tyree, Ogden. 
Frank J. Utz, Mercur. 
John R. Vance, Eureka. 
Benjamin Van Syckle, Ogden. 
A. N. Walters, Ogden. 
G. H. Wheeler, Ogden. 
J. W. Walters, Ogden. 



4Q2 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ', , "' 

J. G. Winkler, Salt Lake. 
W. A. Wright, Salt Lake. 
John D. Zollinger, Providence. 

Recruits enlisted by Lieutenant Edgar A. Wedgewoodto 
fill Batteries A and B to maximum strength: 

Privates — _ _. _^, 

Robert Alexander, Salt Lake City. 
David G. Archer, Salt Lake. 
Glen Benzon, Salt Lake. 
John R. Bagge, Salt Lake. 
Harrj^ J. Bean, Salt Lake. 
Peter J. Benson, Provo, 
Ray S. Burton, Salt Lake. 
Caleb J. Bywater, Salt Lake. 
Arthur C. Caffal, Salt Lake. 
Gust Carlson, Salt Lake, 
Millard Chaffin, Salt Lake. 
James W. Connell, Salt Lake. 
Ralph Collett, Salt Lake. 
William Crooks, Eureka. 
Clarence S. Curtis, Salt Lake. 
David J. Davis, Salt Lake. 
Leo Ducker, Salt Lake. 
Alfred Ellis, Silver City. '■ ' j'" 

George W. Engler, Ogden. 
Wlllard Evans, Salt Lake. 
Everett B. Ferris, Salt Lake. 
August Fichtner, Salt Lake. 
George Fowler, Salt Lake. 
Jack Gilroy, Salt Lake. '>"■ 

Edgar A. Grandpre, Ogden. 
George Grantham, American Fork. ^. 

Ned C. Graves, Salt Lake. 1 '" 

Walter Griffiths, Salt Lake. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 403 



Wilhelm I. Goodman, Salt Lake. 

Thomas S. Gunn, Salt Lake. 

Francis R. Hardie, Salt Lake. 

George Harris, Salt Lake. 

Charles Heatherly, Salt Lake. 

Charles S. Hill, Wellington. 

Thomas Hollberg, Salt Lake. 

Ernest E. Hopkins, Provo. 

Jacob Huber, Provo. 

Wilmer E. Hubert, Salt Lake. 

John E. Ingoldsby, Salt Lake. 

Joseph C. Ivins, Salt Lake. 

Elmer Johnson, Salt Lake. 

Louis E. Kahn, Salt Lake. 

Eichard Kearsley, Salt Lake. 

Ralph Kidder, Salt Lake. 

Matthew Kleinly, residence not giveu. 

Murray E. King, Kingston. 

Henrich Klenke, Salt Lake. 

William G. Knaus, Salt Lake. 

James A. Lee, Salt Lake. 

Thomas Leonard, Eureka. 

Joseph J. Meyers, Salt Lake. 

Max Madison, Salt Lake. 

Fred S. Martin, Salt Lake. 

Milton Morton, Provo. 

John W. Morton, Provo. 

George Moir, Salt Lake. 

Barr W. Musser, Salt Lake. 

Don C. W. Musser, Salt Lake. 

Wm. G. McComie, Salt Lake.. 

Wm. McCubben, Salt Lake. 

Daniel McKay, Salt Lake. 

Angus Nicholson, Salt Lake. 

James P. Nielson, Eureka. 



404 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

John D. Norris, Denver, Colo. 
Arthur F. Ohmer, Eawlins, Wyo. 
Louis C. Peterson. Salt Lake. 
John A. Pender, Ogden. 
Louis J. Pennington, Brigham. 
Ernest M. Pratt, Salt Lake. 
William Rae, Provo. 
Alexander Rae, Provo. 
August Rademacher, Ogden. 
Thomas Redall, Salt Lake. 
Robert Reid, Salt Lake. 
William Richmond, Provo. 
Edward Roberts, Jr., Salt Lake. 
John B. Rogers, Salt Lake. 
Geo. E. Rowland, Eureka. 
Fred W. Schaupp, Eureka. 
Frank B. Shelly, Salt Lake. 
Thomas Shull, Eureka. 
George Simmons, Salt Lake. 
Harry Smith, Salt Lake. 
Sidney J. Smith, Salt Lake. 
Bismarck Snyder, Park City. 
Knud Sorensen, Eureka. 
Hans Sorensen, Salt Lake. 
Joseph S. Sorensen, Salt Lake. 
Charles Z. Stout, Salt Lake. 
George Taylor, Eureka. 
Odell D. Tompkins, Salt Lake. 
Frank A. Vincent, Salt Lake. 
Chris Wagener, Salt Lake. 
Edward P. Walker, Salt Lake. 
Charles A. Walquist, Salt Lake. 
Joseph Wessler, Ogden. 
George E. Weber, Park City. 
Frank Wickersham, Salt Lake. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 405 



Albert R. Williams, Salt Lake. 
Geo. W. Williams, Salt Lake. 
James E. Wonnacott, Salt Lake. 
James H. Yates, Diamond. 
Carlos Young, Salt Lake. 
Wm. W. Burnett. 



NOTE BY MAJOR R. W. YOUNG. 

On the mustering in of the two batteries, the War De- 
partment declined to accord to them a battalion organiza- 
tion, or to appoint a Major, it therefore resulted that the two 
batteries were under command of the senior Captain, Cap- 
tain Young, at the time of their muster in, during their jour- 
ney to San Francisco and at Camp Merritt, At the latter 
place the batteries were made up a battalion under Gen- 
eral Otis' orders, and remained as such until the date of 
sailing, June 15th. The batteries went on different vessels, 
and so the battalion organization went by the board. They 
remained segregated and under the command of their re- 
spective Captains until the battalion was again formed by 
General Greene, August 25th. Captain Young, by reason of 
seniority, was in command, and this relation he maintained 
without further interruption than that occurring in the month 
(Sept. 25-Oct. 25, 1898), when Captain Grant and he were on 
leave of absence, until June 7, 1899. At the latter date Ma- 
jor Young was assigned to special duty as Associate Justice 
on the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands; Captain 
Grant then assuming command. 

Captain Grant was detached from duty with the bat- 
talion February 17, 1899; remained continuously absent un- 
til the beginning of June, 1899, during all of which time his 
battery was commanded by Lieutenant Critchlow. Captain 



406 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Grant was mustered in as Major on the vohmtary discharge 
of Major Young, June 29, 1899. 

Major Young was mustered in as Major in November, 
1898, his rank and pay dating back to July 14, 1898, the date 
of the organization of battery C, under cable instructions 
from the War Department. At the same time Lieutenant 
Wedgwood was promoted to the Captaincy of Battery A, 
Lieutenant Critchlow to the First Lieutenancy of Battery B, 
and Corporal Seaman to a Second Lieutenancy in Battery B. 

Twenty-four of the Utah Volunteers will remain at Ma- 
nila. They do this of their own choice, to engage in business 
or work of some kind in the islands. It is a significant fact 
that only two of them, Geo. Brantham and Elmer Johnson, 
have re-enlisted. Following are the names of those mem- 
bers who remain in Manila: L. P. Hansen, Frank B. Shelly, 
John B. Rogers, August H. Richter, John A. Tilson, Herbert 
Meyer, G. F. C. Peters, H. P. Hansen, P. B. Frederickson, 
Geo. Brantham, Elmer Johnson, Sergeant St. Maurice, 
Charles Osplund, Thomas O. Thornburg, George Simmons, 
Charles I. Fox, Thomas Schull, August Branscome, Bert W. 
Austen, Charles C. Hill, Jasper D. Curtis, Fred F. Blake, 
Don C. W. Musser and Isaac Russell. Barr Musser is at 
home, but will return to the islands soon. 

The batteries were organized into a battalion by General 
Greene, August 25th, 1898, as follows: 

R. W. Young, Major commanding Battalion. 

F. A. Grant, commanding Battery B. 

E. A. Wedgwood, Captain of Battery A. 

First Lieutenant Geo. W. Gibbs, Battery A, Ordnance 
officer. 

First Lieutenant J. F. Critchlow, B, Quartermaster. 

Second Lieutenant Orrin R. Grow, B, Summary Court 
Officer. 

Second Lieutenant Ray C. Naylor, A, Commissary 
Officer. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



407 



Second Lieutenant Wm, C. Webb, A, Adjutant. 
Second Lieutenant Geo. A. Seaman, B. 
Sergeant Emil Lehman, Sergeant Major. 



KILLED IN ACTION. 
BATTERY A. 

Quartermaster Sergeant Harry A. Young, February 6, 
1899, on road between Deposito and Pumping Station. 

Sergeant Ford Fisher, May 14, 1899, San Luis. 

Corporal John G. Young, February 5, 1899, Santa Mesa. 

Private Wilhelm I. Goodman, February 5, 1899, Santa 
Mesa. 

BATTERY B. 

Emil F. Selmer. 

Corporal Moritz C. Jensen, April 26, 1899, Bag Bag. 
Private Frederick Bumiller, April 26, 1899, Bag Bag. . 
Private Max Madison, April 25, 1899, Bag Bag. 
Private George H. Hudson, August 24, 1898, Cavite. 



DIED OF DISEASE. 

BATTERY A. 

Corporal George O. Larsen, December 10, 1898, Manila. 
Corporal John T. Kennedy, March 15, 1899, Manila. 
Private Oscar A. Fenniger, June 5, 1899, Manila. 
Private Charles Parsons, April 20, 1899, Manila. 

BATTERY B. 

Private Richard H. Ralph, July 12, 1899, Nagasaki. 
Quartermaster Sergeant Don R. Coray, died after dis- 
charge, from sickness contracted in the service. 



408 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

LIST OF WOUNDED. 

BATTERY A. 

Captain E. A. Wedgwood, April 23, 1899. 
Private David J. Davis, April 23, 1899. 
Private Ray Kenner, April 21, 1899 (accidentally). 
Private William H. Leaver, July 31, 1898. 
Private F. Selmer, April 26, 1899. 

BATTERY B. 

Second Lieutenant George A. Seaman, April 11, 1899. 

Sergeant George B. Wardlaw, February 4, 1899. 

Sergeant Andrew Peterson, March 11, 1899. 

Corporal Henry L. Southers, March. 24th, 1899. 

Corporal William Q. Anderson, August 24, 1899. 

Private John D. Abplanalp, April 24, 1899. 

Private John Braman, April 26, 1899, at Bag Bag. 

Private Parker J. Hall, March 25, 1899, at Mulahon. 

Private Joseph G. Winkler, July 31, 1898. 

The first volunteer enlisted was Private A. L. Thomas, 
Jr., son of Ex-Governor Thomas, who was honorably dis- 
charged for physical disability contracted in the service. 



PROMOTIONS OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 

Captain R. W. Young, to Major, commanding battalion. 

Captain F. A. Grant, brevet Major, to Major command- 
ing battalion. 

Second Lieutenant John F. Critchlow, to First Lieuten- 
ant, Quartermaster, Captain. 

First Lieutenant Wedgwood to Captain. 

Second Lieutenant R. C. Naylor, to First Lieutenant. 

Quartermaster Sergeant Dr. Harry Young, to First Lieu- 
tenant. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 409 

Sergeant John A. Anderson, to Sergeant, Quartermaster 
Sergeant, Second Lieutenant. 

Sergeant Frank T. Hines, First Sergeant, Second Lieu- 
tenant, Adjutant. 

Private George A. Seaman, to Corporal, to Second Lieu- 
tenant. 



THE LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ENGAGEMENTS OF 

THE BATTALION UTAH LIGHT ARTILLERY. 
With Spaniards — 

Malate, July 31, 1898, and August 1, 1898. 

r^alate, July 31, and August 2-5, 1898. 

Manila, August 13, 1898. 
With the Tagalos — 

Tondo District, February 4, 1899. 

San Palog, Santa Mesa, February 4 and 5, 1899. 

Binondo Cemetery, February 5, 1899. 

Santa Ana, February 5, and 6, 1899, to pumping station. 

Caloocan, February 10, 1899. 

Near Caloocan, February 10, 1899. 

Maraquina, February 12, 1899. 

Guadaloupe, February 13 to 15, 1899. 
Daily firing at La Loma to quell sharpshooters till March 

25, 1899— 

Pasig Island, February 14th. 

San Pedro Macati, February 18th. 

North and east of pumping station, February 22nd. 

Balig Balig, February 23rd. 

Near La Loma church, February 23rd. 

Mariquina road, February 24th. 

Mariquina, February 25th. 

Guadaloupe, February 26th. 

San Pedro Macati, March 1st to 3rd. 

Guadaloupe, March 4th. 

Maraquina road, March 6th. 



410 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

Pumping Station, March 6th to 7th. 
San Juan del Monte, March 7th. 
San Francisco del Monte, March 10th. 
Gaudaloupe, March 13th. 
Pasig City, March 14th. 
Santa jCruz, March 15th. 
Maraquina, March 16th. 
Morong, March 17th. 
Jalajala, March 17th; 
San Francisco del Monte, March 19th. 
Binanganan, March 20th. 
Maraquina, March 25th. 
Caloocan, March 25th. 
Near San Francisco del Monte — 

Pasig City, March 25th to 26th. 

Tuliahan river, March 26th. 

Bulucan river, March 28th. 

San Mateo Valley, March 31st. 

Tay Tay, March 31st. 

Santa Cruz, April 9th to 10th. 

Pagoanjan, April 11th. 

Quina, April 12th. 

Quinga, April 23rd. 

Bag Bag, April 25th. 

Calumpit, April 29th. 

Santa Tomas, May 4th. 

Sexmoon, May 7th. 

Guagua, May 7th. 

San Luis, May 14th to 16th. 

On to Candaba, 17th to 18th. 

San Fernando, May 24th to 25th. 

Cainta, June 3rd. 

Morong, June 4th. 

Muntinlupa, June 10th. 

San Fernando, June 16th to 22nd. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 4^ 

The foregoing list was compiled by Sergeant Joseph O. 
Nystrom. It does not include some minor skirmishes and 
gunboat engagements, in which small details of the battery- 
men served. 

Special mention might be made of acts of individual 
heroism, such as the splendid work of Sergeant Harvey Du- 
senberr}^ in saving 100 Oregons who were cut oif on the road 
to Caloocan, but it is impossible to even mention the indi- 
vidual deeds of heroism within the limits assigned to this 
work. 

For the sake of completeness, the Tribune's published 
list of engagements is added: 



ENGAGEMENTS OF BATTERY A. 

1898— 

July 31st, Malate. 

August 1st, Malate. 

August 2nd, Malate. 

August 13th, Capture of Manila. 
1899— 

February 4th, Santa Mesa and San Palog. 

February 5th, Santa Mesa and San Palog. 

February 5th, Santa Ana. 

February 6th, Advance on Pumping Station. 

February 10th, Near Caloocan. 

February 13th, Guadalupe. 

February 14th, Pasig Island. 

February 22nd, North and East of Pumping Station. 

February 18th, San Pedro Macati. 

February 23rd, Near La Loma Church. 

February 24th, Mariquina Road. 

February 25th, Mariquina. 

February 26th, Guadalupe. 

March 1st, San Pedro Macati. 



^12 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

March 3rd, San Pedro Macati. 
March 4th, Guadalupe. 
March 6th, Mariquina Road. 
March 6th, Pumping Station. 
March 7th, South of San Juan Del Monte. 
March 7th, Pumping Station. 
March 10th, Near San Francisco Del Monte. 
March 13th, Guadalupe. 
March 13th, Pasig City. 
March 15th, Santa Cruz. 
March 16th, Mariquina. 
March 17th, Morong. 
March 17th, Jalajala. 

March 17th, Near San Francisco Del Monte. 
March 20th, Binangonan. 
March 25th, Mariquina. 
March 25th, Pasig City. 
March 25th, Caloocan. 

March 25th, Near San Francisco Del Monte. 
March 25th, La Loma Church. 
, March 25th, Talapapa. 
March 26th, Malinta. 
March 26th, Binangonan. 
March 26th, Pasig River. 
March 26th, Tuliahan. 
March 27th, Marilao. 
March 28th, Bulican River. 
March 29th, Biguba. 
March 31st, San Mateo Valley. 
March 31st, Tay Tay. 
March 31st, Malolos. 
April 9th, Santa Cruz. 
April 10th, Santa Cruz. 
April 11th, Pagsanjan. 
April 12th, Orina. 




SERGT. FORD FISHER. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 41g 



April 23rd, Quinga. 

April 25tli, Bag Bag. 

April 27th, Caliimpit. 

May 4tli, Santa Tomas. 

May 7th, Sexmoan. 

May 7th, Guagua. 

May 14th, San Luis. 

May 16th, San Luis. 

May 17th, Expedition to Candaba 

May 18th, Expedition to Candaba. 

May 23rd, Santa Rita. 

May 24th, San Fernando. 

May 25th, San Fernando. 

June 3rd, Cainta. 

June 4th, Morong. 

June 10th, Muntinlupa. 

June 16th, San Fernando. 

June 22nd, San Fernando. 



ENGAGEMENTS OF BATTERY B. 

1898— 

July 31st, With Spaniards before Manila. 

August 1st, With Spaniards before Manila. 

August 2nd, With Spaniards before Manila. 

August 3rd, With Spaniards before Manila. 

August 5th, With Spaniards before Manila. 

August 13th, Capture of Manila. 
1899— 

February 4th, Outbreak of Insurrection, 

February 5th, Lico, Cemetery Ridge, La Loma. 

February 6tt^ Santa Mesa, Deposito. 

February 10th, Waterworks. , 



414 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

February 24tli, Taking of Caloocan, followed by nearly 
daily skirmishes. 

March 17th, Repulsed second attack at La Loma. 

March 25th, Early morning advance from La Loma. 

March 25th, Talipape Eoad. 

March 25th, Taliahan Road. 

March 26th, Near Marilao River. 

March 27th, Near Marilao River. 

March 29th, Near Marilao River, pontoon bridge. 

March 29th, Bigua. 

March 30th, Guiguinto. 

March 31st, Taking of Malolos, 

April 7th, Repulse attack, Malolos. 

April 21st, Quinga. 

April 23rd, Bag Bag River. 

April 25th, Calumpit. 

May 3rd, Santa Tomas. 

May 3rd, Santa Tomas River. 

May 21st, Repulsed attack at San Fernando. 

June 5th, Repulsed attack at San Fernando. 

June 16th, Repulsed attack at San Fernando. 

Note — This list does not include six or seven separate 
engagements by a small detachment of Battery B's men on 
Lawton's advance up the Rio Grande, nor the times the 
battery was under skirmish fire. Nor does it include all the 
engagements on the gunboats. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^\^ 



CHAPTER XL. 



IN MEMOEIAM OF THE VOLUNTEERS. 



Most of them were but boys when they went away. Not 
many of them had ever seen the ocean. They had grown up 
under the shadows of our mountains; had dreamed away the 
beautiful days, and did not know their own powers. Their 
lives had been bounded by a narrow horizon, save when their 
ambitions were aroused, and even then they were in doubt 
how, in a crisis, they would bear themselves. And they had 
their loves and were planning how this year or next, their 
wild oats all sown, they would begin life's work in earnest. 
Their lives were all summer, and many of them were as 
thoughtless as swallows, and their days were as filled with 
songs as are the lark's. 

Suddenly there was a call for country-defenders, a call 
for men to follow the red chariot of war into foreign lands, 
and to offer American breasts as a rampart in the path of 
their country's foes. 

These young men heard the call and were among the 
first to respond. They shook off their careless ways, and 
those who held their ears near the ground when that sublime 
roll of the States was called reported that the steady tread of 
Utah's soldiers was among the first to be heard. 

They went away exultant; at last they had a purpose in 
life; and, by the thrill which they felt in their souls, they 



41g UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

believed they were capable of looking fate in the face and 
making a record for themselves, no matter whether their path 
was to be lined with roses or with thorns. 

In camp they did their work ; when crowded on shipboard 
and as the Golden Gate sank in the sea abaft their ship, with 
a seven thousand mile voyage before them, they sang their 
songs and told their stories, that the lengthening distance 
between them and home might not be brooded over. 

When, through the inefficiency of the transport man- 
agers, they found their food stowed away under tons of 
ammunition, and a great hunger seized them, they drew their 
belts tighter and continued to tell stories and to sing. 

At last their destination was reached. Strange tropical 
scenery greeted their eyes, and a strange race gathered 
around them. 

Then their work in the trenches began, and their 
first baptism of fire came in the night, and, with the light- 
ning blazing like bale fires around them, and the peal of 
sullen thunders, and the voices of the typhoon drowning their 
own, they hurled back the enemy that had assailed them, and 
knew from that moment that they had souls self-contained 
<'nough for any demand that might be made upon them. 

Then came the long war and the daily fighting for 
months, and they met it by night and day, in the jungle and 
in the open; no swamp, no river, no intrenchment and no foe 
could stop them. The necessities of the war made them 
ubiquitous; they were everywhere, on river, on land, and 
when a stronghold was to be stormed, their guns first cleared 
the way, until in an army where all were heroes the men of 
Utah made for themselves a conspicuous name. 

They earned it, for they never retreated, never lost a 
battle or a flag, never started for the foe that thy did not scat- 
ter it as the wind scatters the chafiE from the threshing floor. 
When their terms of enlistment expired, they fought on, week 
after week, until their places could be supplied. 







CAPT. WAL,TER C. SHOUP. 



[Photo by Johnson.] 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 4]^ 7 

There is but one sad memory in all their record. Some 
did not return. Some went down in the storm of battle; some 
lingered, but died of their wounds; some fell by disease, for 
war demands its inexorable sacrifices, and Utah supplied its 
quota. 

The dead are sleeping under perennial flowers and the 
sob of the Pacific against the coral shore is their everlasting 
lullaby, but they are missed and mourned. 

The record of the volunteers is nowhere dimmed. They 
went away boys; they returned men. They made for them- 
selves great names; by their deeds they exalted the name of 
their State. 

They have all won for themselves an appreciative peo- 
ple's gratitude, a nation's praise. 

To their neighbors and friends their welfare will always 
be a concernment. They did more than drive back a treacher- 
ous foe; they exalted themselves, and they never can afford to 
sully the fame that they won. 

The nation holds them in loving remembrance; the State 
greets the living with warm welcomes and all hails; to their 
dead, in tears, it extends "all hails and farewells." 

C. C. GOODWIN, 
Editor of the Salt Lake Tribune. 



LIEUT. HARRY A. YOUNG. 

Lieut. Harry A. Young was born in Salt Lake City, Feb- 
ruary 24, 1865. His father was Lorenzo Young, a brother of 
President Brigham Young, and one of the Pioneers of Utah. 
He was educated at the public schools of the city and at the 
University of Utah, from which institution he graduated witli 
high honors. After fulfilling a mission for the Mormon church, 
of which he was a devoted member, he went east and studied 

15 



41§ UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

medicine, fitting himself very thoroughly for the practice of 
his profession. Upon the completion of his medical course he 
returned home and started practicing his profession in the 
city of his birth. After spending several years in Salt Lake 
he removed to Ephraim, Sanpete county, where he was estab- 
lished at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war. He was 
mustered into the service at Fort Douglas as Quartermaster's 
Sergeant of Battery A, and sailed with his command to the 
Philippines. 

There was no better officer in the quartermaster service 
than Harry A. Young, and during the early days of the insur- 
rection he did double dut}^, that of the cares of his office and 
using his medical skill in alleviating the sufferings of the 
wounded on the field. It was in this latter capacity that his 
skill and zeal drew the attention of the Surgeon-General of the 
Army in the Philippines, who in a report to the department 
at Washington recommended his promotion to a Lieutenancy. 
After delay, his commission was made out and forwarded to 
the islands, only to reach there after the gallant soldier had 
laid down his life. This sad event occurred on the 6th of Feb- 
ruary, 1899. The circumstances of his death will never be 
known, but it is supposed he was on one of his errands of 
mercy, when he fell in with a band of insurgents, who brutally 
murdered him. There was no truer man, no better soldier than 
Dr. Harry A. Young. 

GEOKGE H. HUDSON 

Enlisted as a private in Battery B, Utah Light Artillery. 
He was unmarried, and a native of Polk county, Oregon. He 
gave his age as 28; occupation, blacksmith; residence, Mer- 
cur. Dr. M. Hudson, Baker City, Ore., was to be notified in 
case of death. Private Hudson was the first of the Utah 
artillerymen killed. He was shot by a Filipino in a street 
fight at Cavite August 24, 1898. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 4J9 

SERGEANT FORD FISHER 

Enlisted as a Sergeant in Battery A, Utah Light Artillery. 
He was unmarried; was born at Seaford, Dela.; gave his age 
as 22; calling, civil engineer; address, Salt Lake. In case of 
death I. M. Fisher was to be notified. He was killed at Rio 
Grande on May 14th. 

Ford Fisher was every inch a soldier and had he not been 
stricken down by the ambushed enemy, would today have 
been home with the stripes of a Lieutenant upon his broad, 
manly shoulders. He was a true representative of the young 
intelligent American soldier. He met death on a gunboat 
while at the post of duty. 

JOHN GRANGER YOUNG. 

Corporal John Granger Young was killed in the first 
battle of Cavite, on February 5, 1899, just one day before the 
death of his close relative. Dr. Harry Young, in fact. Dr. 
Young attended to his wounds just prior to his own death. 
Corporal Young was in the front line of the fighting when a 
bullet struck him full in the breast. He was conveyed tO' the 
hospital and tenderly cared for, but died a few hours after- 
wards. Corporal Young was the son of the late William G. 
Y oung. His mother is Martha Granger Young. He was born 
August 28, 1871, at St. Charles, Ida. He filled a mission to 
New Zealand in 1894. 

GEORGE O. LARSON 

p;:nlisted as Corporal in Battery A. He was unmarried. He 
gave his birthplace as Dover, Utah, and his age as 18. He 
was a student at school. His mother, who was to be notified 
in case of his death, resided at Dover. He died at Manila 
December 10, 1898. 



42() ' ' UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

JOHN T. KENNEDY 

Enlisted as a private in Battery A, Utah Light Artillery, and 
was afterward promoted to be Corporal. He was unmarried, 
and a native of Ottawa, Canada; gave his age as 26, occupa 
tion, farmer; residence, Park City. Andrew Kennedy of 
Ottawa, Canada, was to be notified in case of death. He died 
at Manila, March 15, 1899. 

OSCAR A. FENNINGER 

Enlisted as a private in Battery A, Utah Light Artilley. He 
was unmarried, gave his birthplace as Yates City, 111., his 
residence, Park City; occupation, butcher; age 26. In case 
of death, Frederick Fenninger of Orleans, Neb., was to be 
notified. 

MAX MADISON. 

Private Max Madison, who was killed, was one of Wedg- 
wood's recruits, a private, 32 years of age when he enlisted; 
a native of Denmark, and by occupation a laborer. He en- 
listed June 27, 1898, at Salt Lake City for the period of two 
J ears. He was unmarried and his parents live at Omaha. 
In case of death notice was to be sent to the Dennis Pioneer, 
Omaha, Neb. He was killed in battle with the Filipinos at 
Bag Bag March 25th. 

FRED A. BUMILLER 

Enlisted as a private in Battery B. He was unmarried. He 
gave his age at enlistment as 34; occupation, butcher; resi- 
dence, Salt Lake City; birthplace, Holzhollern, Germany. 0. 
W. Lickman, Salt Lake City, was to be notified. While here 
Private Bumiller was employed at the Royal meat market. 
He was wounded in the abdomen in a battle with the Fili- 
pinos on March 25th and died in the hospital six days later. 



'' ■ [' UTAH VOLUNTEERS. ^ 421 

CHARLES PARSONS 

Puiilisted as a prirate in Battery A. He gave his age as 21, 
his occupation jockey, his residence and birthplace, Salt 
Lake City. He was unmarried; and in response to the in- 
quiry as to who should be notified in case of his death, he 
said he had no parents or guardians. As a matter of fact, 
his parents reside in the Sixth ward, Salt Lake City, but he 
was enlisting without their knowledge. Died at Manila 
April 20, 1899. 

EMIL F. SELMER 

Enlisted as a member of Battery A. He was unmarried, 
and was a hotelman in Salt Lake Citj. He gave his age as 
40. and birthplace, Aarhus. Denmark, case of death Ma A. 
Selmer, Aarhus, Denmark, was to be notified. 

RICHARD H. RALPH 

Enlisted as a private in Battery B. He was a single man, 
gave his age as 26, birthplace, St. Anne's Chapel, England, 
residence. Eureka; occupation, miner. In case of death, 
Wm. Honey, St. Anne's Chapel, England, was to be notified.. 
Private Ralph died in the hosjjital at Nagasaki, Japan, July 
12, 1899. 

MOWRITZ C. JENSEN 

Enlisted as a private in Battery B, and was afterwards pro- 
moted to be corijoral. He was a native of Denmark, and 
unmarried. He gave his age as 2.5; occupation, laborer; 
residence. Castle Gate. In case of death, notice was to be 
sent to Mrs. Jensen, Arnburg, Denmark. Corporal Jensen 
was shot in the abdomen in battle with the Filipinos, March 
25th, and died six davs later. 



422 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

WILHELM I. GOODMAN 

Was one of Wedgwood's recruits to fill up the batteries when 
the organization was enlarged, and was assigned to Battery 
A. He was unmarried, and gave his age as 26, his birth-- 
place, Hoganess, Sweden; occupation, tailor; residence, Salt 
Lake. In case of death, word was to be sent to Goodman 
Johnson, Ornakarr, Hoganess, Sweden. He was shot and 
killed at Santa Mesa, near Manila, in the battle of February 
5th. 

Other Utahns serving in the late war who have died. 

FREDERICK B. FOWLER 

Enlisted as a musician in troop I, Second regiment of U. S. 
volunteer cavalry, Torrey's Rough Riders. He was unmar- 
ried and a resident of Brigham City. He gave his age as 21, 
occupation^ carpenter; birthplace, Hilliard, Wyoming. In 
case of death J. K. Fowler, Corinne, was to be notified. 

ALBERT W. LUFF 

Enlisted in troop C, First Utah U. S. volunteer cavalry, in 
May, 1898. He was 21 years of age; birthplace, Hooper, 
Utah; residence. Salt Lake City; occupation, plumber. In 
case of death, H. W. Naisbitt was to be notified. He went 
with troop O to California, where he was taken ill with fever 
and died. His body was brought to Salt Lake City for in- 
terment. 

ALBERT W. HARTVIGSEN 

Enlisted at Fort Douglas in May, 1897, was assigned to the 
Fourth Cavalry, becoming a private in Troop E. He was 
the son of Emil Hartvigsen of Sandy, Utah, and was 19 years 
of age. He had been employed as a smelterman at Murray. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



423 



On March 10th he was accidentally shot, at Manila, with a 
revolver in the hands of Private Stolkman of the same troop, 
and died the next day. 

WILLIAM TUFTS 

Enlisted at Fort Douglas, and was assigned as a private to 
Troop E, Fourth U. S. Cavalry. He was a native of Salt 
Lake City and son of the late Elbridge Tlifts. His widowed 
mother now resides in this city. He was 21 years of age at 
the time of enlistment. He was wounded in a charge on the 
Filipino position at Malabon, and died a few days later, April 
6th, in the division hospital at Manila. 

MORLEY G. HASSARD 

Enlisted in the Wyoming volunteers. He was a resident of 
Salt Lake City, where his parents now reside, but was in the 
employ of the Salt Lake Implement company, in its Wyoming 
branch. He was a well-known bicyclist in this city. He 
died of typhoid fever in the hospital at Manila, on November 
13, 1898. 

WILLIAM A. PARKER 

Enlisted in Wyoming, in Company H, Second U. S. Volunteer 
Cavalry, Torrey's Rough Riders. He was 18 years of age at 
the time of enlistment, and was unmarried. He was born 
at Heber City, Utah, September 27, 1880, and had gone to 
Wyoming a few weeks before his enlistment. He was 
stricken with typhoid fever at Jacksonville, Florida, October 
10, 1898. 

BURTON C. MORRIS 

Enlisted in the Rough Riders and was duly mustered in with 
his comrades. He was a young man of 29 years of age, very 



424 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

popular, and gave promise of being a good and valuable citi- 
zen of Salt Lake City. He was murdered July 17, 1899, by 
John H. Benbrook. 



DON E. CORAY, 

Of Prove, who contracted his fatal sickness in the service of 
his country, lived to reach his home and spend the few last 
days of his life with his family. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. " 425,. 



UTAH VOLUNTEER MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. 



To the enthusiastic interest and indomitable energy of 
Mr. William Glassmann, with the aid of a number of like- 
minded friends, is to be credited the movement which cul- 
minated in the above named association. It is incorporated 
under the laws of Utah for .$100,000. The certificates are for 
.^1 a share, and no one can subscribe for more than one share. 
The certificates are artistic poems of patriotism in technique, 
being beautifully engraved and having portraits of President 
McKinley, Admirals Dewey, Schley and Sampson, Generals 
Miles and Lawton and the two Utah Majors, Richard W. 
Young and F. A. Grant. 

The monument is to be copied after the famous Wash- 
ington monument at the National Capital, to be composed of 
native stone; each county and city to furnish a slab, to contain 
an elevator, which will carry observers to the top free of any 
cost, and to be worthj' of the cause it commemorates and the 
people who erect it. Its height is to be 150 feet and it is to 
be erected in Ogden. 

The following gentlemen constitute the present personnel' 
of its officers: 

William Glassmann, president. 

John A. Boyle, vice-president. 

C. P. Jennings, secretary. \ 

David Eccles, treasurer. 

Isaac L. Clark. 

Angus T. Wright. 

Henry C. Bigelow. 

Nels C. Flygare. 

Thomas G. Burt. » ' , : 



426 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



JOINT RESOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE OF UTAH 
IN COMMENDATION TO THE UTAH BATTERIES. 



On February 6, 1899, the Legislature of the State ap- 
pointed a committee from both Houses, consisting of Senator 
Whitney and Representatives Parry and Jackson, to prepare 
a resolution expressing the thanks of Utah to the Batteries 
then in the Philippines. 

In accordance therewith the committee on February 8th 
reported, recommending the adoption of this resolution : 

TRIBUTE TO UTAH SOLDIERS. 

'•Resolved, By the Governor and the Legislature of the 
State of Utah, that the thanks of this commonwealth are due 
and are hereby tendered to the officers and men of Batteries 
A and B, Utah Light Artillery, for the gallant conduct dis- 
played by them in the several engagements in the Philip- 
pines. 

"Utah in unison with her sister States blends with tears 
of grief for the fallen, songs of rejoicing for the heroes who 
survive to tell the tale of valor and victory." 

The reading of the resolution was the signal for a hearty 
round of cheers, and after a few words of comment it was 
adopted by a rousing chorus of ayes. 

A copy of the resolution bearing the signatures of the 
Governor, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
House was sent to the batteries. 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 427 



[ADDENDA.] 



LIEUTENANT SIDNEY K. HOOPER 

Was born in Salt Lake City, twenty-eight years ago, and be- 
longed to one of the foremost families of Utah. His father 
was Captain William H. Hooper, who was a delegate to Con- 
gress and at one time President of the Deseret National Bank, 
one of the fame institutions of the State, and his mother was 
Marie Knowlton Hooper, a lady identified with the first social 
circles of Utah. 

He attended school in Salt Lake City and later matricu- 
lated at the military school of the Bishop Scott Academy at 
Portland, Oregon, where he acquired that knowledge and 
practice in military tactics which fitted him so well tO' fill his 
commission in the famous troop to which he became attached. 

Later, he studied law at Harvard, and subsequently en- 
gaged in the insurance and railroad business in Salt Lake 
City. He enlisted in Salt Lake City as a private in the Tor- 
rey's Rough Riders; but at the muster in of that force at Chey- 
enne, he was commissioned First Sergeant, and, later upon 
the promotion of Captain Cannon to the Lieutenancy of the 
command, he received the commission as Second Lieutenant 
of the troop. He went with his regiment to Jacksonville, 
Florida, and remained with it until he was mustered out of the 
service, discharging the duties of his office so efficiently as to 
meet with the generous approbation of his military superiors. 

Mr. Hooper was what is called a rich man's son; that is, 
he was wealthy, inheriting his wealth from his father. He did 



428 UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 

not hesitate to sacrifice liis social position, wealth and ease, 
which that wealth afforded, to serve in the camp and field at 
the call of his country as a private. It is just such examples 
which astonish the military critics of foreign countries, w^hen 
they contemplate the volunteer system of America. 

[Note — Keceived too late for classification. — Editor.] 



CAPTAIN WALTER C. SHOUP, 

Son of George L. Shoup, United States Senator from Idaho 
and late Colonel of Third Regiment Colorado Cavalry, was 
born June 5th, 1872, at Salmon Cit}^, Idaho, where he lived un- 
til ten years of age and then removed to Dubuque, Iowa, and 
after having graduated from the public schools of that city 
returned to his native city in 1888, and during the succeeding 
two years served in the capacity of Private Secretary to the 
Governor of Idaho. In 1891 he entered the law department of 
Yale University and graduated in the class of '93 with the 
degree of LL. !>., and the same year was admitted to practice 
in the State of Connecticut. He then removed to Salt Lake 
City, Utah, where he continued in the practice of his chosen 
profession until the outbreak of the war with Spain. Captain 
Shoup was enrolled at Salmon, Idaho, on May 4th, 1898, for 
service in the Spanish war, in the companj^ which afterwards 
became Troop "D," Second U. S. Volunteer Cavalry, com- 
manded by Colonel Torrey, and mustered into service of the 
United States May 19th, 18«)8, at Ff. D. A. Russell, Wyoming, 
as First Lieutenant; and on June 24th, '98, his regiment left Ft. 
Eussell, \'\^yoniing, for Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, Flor- 
ida, arriving there July 2nd, 1898. Captain Shoup served as 
Regimental Ordnance Ofiicer, Judge Advocate and Squadron 
Adjutant, and on September 17th, '98, was promoted Captain 
and assigned to the command of Troop "D.'' He was mus- 
tered out of service at Jacksonville, Florida, on October 24th, 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 429 

1898, and in July, 1899, associated himself with Mr. George N. 
Lawrence and resumed the practice of the law in Salt Lake 
City, Utah. 

[Note — Keceived too late for classification. — Editor.] 



ASSISTANT SURGEON T. GEORGE ODELL 

Ls the son of George T. Odell, was born April 3rd, 1873, at 
Ogden, Utah, from whence his parents removed to Salt Lake 
City. After completing his studies at the local schools of the 
latter place Surgeon Odell entered the medical department of 
the University of Pennsylvania, at which institution he re- 
mained until the outbreak of hostilities between the United 
States and Spain. He volunteered for service in the navy, and 
was on June 28th, 1898, commissioned as assistant surgeon 
with the rank of Ensign in the United States Navy, and was 
assigned on July 5th, 1898, to the receiving ship Vermont, 
from whence he was later transferred to the U. S. S. ^'Caesar." 

After September 25th this vessel was in Cuban waters; 
most of the time at San Juan, PortO' Rico. During his service 
in Cuban waters Ensign Odell was called upon tO' attend the 
distinguished commander of the squadron. Admiral Schley, 
who had sustained a sprain, while descending the steps of the 
Hotel Inglterra, and was unable to get about. He has many 
tales to tell of the patience, endurance and good nature of the 
great Admiral with which he became acquainted during his 
daily visits. 

Ensign Odell was one of three American officers detailed 
to receive the surrender of Moro Castle at San Juan, and he 
still has the keys of the gate of that famous fortress as a 
memento of his trip. 

After the war Surgeon Odell returned to the University 
of Pennsylvania, and, re-entering his class, graduated from 
that institution in 1899 with high honors; since which time he 



430 



UTAH VOLUNTEERS. 



has been practicing his chosen profession in his home, Salt 
Lake City. 

[Note. — This biographical sketch was omitted from its 
proper place on account of having been received too late. — 
Editor.] 



ERRATA. 

Page 417, The bodies were brought home, since the chap- 
ter was written. 

Page 95, after the words, ''describes the storming of the 
hill," turn to 96 and begin at ''when the afternoon came," read 
continuously to the words "Guess not," page 98; then turn 
back to 95, resume at "But the ammunition wagons." 

Page 98, then turn back to 95, resume at "But the ammu- 
nition wagons. 



H 282 85 



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